雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《English for Writing SCI Papers（首都医科）》单元测试考核答案

第1题Aspaceisplacedbeforeaperiod,andonespaceseparatesaperiodfromthefollowingsentence.第2题Useacommaafteranintroductorydependentclausewhicharesignaledbywordssuchasafter,although,as,because,before,if,since,unless,when,andwhile第3题Usecolonstolinkitemsinaseriesofthreeormore第4题Usecolonstodirectreaderstoexamples,explanations,andsignificantwordsandphrases第5题Usecommatojoinindependentclausescloselyrelatedinthought第6题Thereisaspaceafterthefirstorbeforethefinalquotationmark.

第7题Useparenthesestoseparatematerialfromthemainbodyofasentenceorparagraph.第8题Adashisusedtoclarifyambiguitycausedbymultiplemodifiers.第9题Donotplaceacolonafteraverb,becausetheverbalsointroduces;sothecolonwouldberedundant第10题Useperiodstopunctuatesomeabbreviations第11题A________fallsbetweencommasandparenthesesinregardstothestrengthofseparation.

AperiodBcolonCdashDhyphen第12题Use_______toprovidesourceinformationAdashsBparentheses

ChyphensDcommas第13题Use______aroundmaterialyouareborrowingwordforwordfromsourcesAquotationmarks

Bparentheses

CdashsDsemicolons第14题Use_____toenclosevariousinterruptingwords,phrases,andclauses.AhyphensBquotationmarks

CcolonD

commas第15题第1题Everysentencebeginswithacapitalletter.第2题Articlesatthebeginningofsentencesdonotneedtobecapitalized.第3题Allmainwordsneedtobecapitalizedintitles.第4题Alllettersinacronymsneedtobecapitalized.第5题Weshouldgivethefulltermforacronymsatfirstmention.第6题Acronymsshouldbeputinparenthesesbeforethefullterm.第7题The'shouldalwaysbecapitalizedinpropernouns.第8题Chemicalnamesofmedicationsshouldbecapitalized.第9题Titlesarecapitalizedwhentheyprocedethename.第10题Seasonsneednotbecapitalized.第11题Whichofthefollowingneedstobecapitalizedinatitlewhichcapitalizemainwords?AnounsBprepositionsCarticlesDconjunctions第12题Sentencesbeginningwithnumeralscanberevisedbythefollowingexcept______.AwritingoutthenumberBaddingintroductoryphrasesCrearrangingsentencestructureDputtingthenumberinparenthesis第13题Formedications,weneedtocapitalize______.AchemicalnamesBdosesCbrandnamesDcompositions第14题Forpropernouns,weneednotcapitalize_______.AmonthsBthe'infrontofacertainplaceCnamesDplaces第15题Exercise第1题Somenounscanbeeithercountableoruncountabledependingonthecontext.第2题Uncountablenounsmustbeprecededbyeithera,an,orthe.第3题Themeaningofthesentencedoesn'tchangewhentheadverbismoved.

第4题Anormallyuncountablenounthatisconceptualizedascountablewillusetheindefinitearticlea/an第5题Inacademicwriting,we’dbetterusemorenounclusters.

第6题Academicwritingusuallyrequiresthenounthatexpressestheconceptasgenerallyaspossible.

第7题Academicwritingatthephraselevelrequiresfindingthemostprecisewordavailableforexpressingaconceptoraction.第8题Whenaconceptorrelationshipissimple,trytomakeitcomplex.第9题Contractionsarethewrittenrepresentationofanorallanguageform,andtheyshouldbeavoidedinacademicwriting.

第10题Ifanouncanbeusedtoexpressdifferentbutsimilarconceptsitisprobablyacategorytermandveryprecise

第11题________canaddasenseofpossibility,ability,permission,obligation,necessity,intentionorprediction.

AarticlesBnounsCmodalverbs

Dadverbs第12题_________arethewrittenrepresentationofanorallanguageform

AContractions

BnounclustersCadverbsDarticles第13题Whenaconceptorrelationshipiscomplex,trytoexpressitas________aspossible;AcomplexBsimpleCclearDprecise第14题A________occurswhenoneormorenounsismovedtoapositiondirectlyinfrontofanothernountofunctionasanadjective.Amodalverbs

BadverbsCarticlesDnouncluster

第15题Exercise第1题Aneffectivesentencedoesnotcontainideasthatarenotcloselyrelatedanddoesnotexpressathoughtthatisnotcompletebyitself.第2题Theactivevoiceisusuallymoredirectandvigorousthanthepassive,soweshouldavoidtheuseofthepassivevoiceindifferentsectionsofthepaper.第3题Nounsmadefromverbslike"intention"from"intend"canobscurethekeyactionsofsentencesandaddlengthofasentence.第4题Inscientificandtechnicalwriting,placingthemostcomplicatedinformationattheendofthesentencemakesthesentencelessclear.第5题Thewritersneedtouseparallelismwithsimilargrammaticalforms,structure,andwordordertoachievebalanceinsentences.第6题Theadverbials“itiswellknownthat”,“itisclearthat”,“itisrecognizedthat”andsoonareunnecessarywordyexpressions.第7题Thepluralnounslike"fungi"and"vertebrae"shouldtakepluralverbs.第8题Anonrestrictiveattributiveclausedescribesanouninanessentialway.Itcannotberemovedfromasentence.第9题Inasentence,weshouldemphasizethetopicwhichshouldbeputinthesubjectposition.第10题"Withourlargersamplesizewecouldconducttheexaminationofspecifictypesofanticholinergicdrugs."Thissentenceisinagreementwithacademicstyle.第11题"Increasesat45secondsweregreaterthan()at35seconds."AthatBtheseCthoseDthis第12题“Thepopulation-attributablefractionassociatedwithtotalanticholinergicdrugexposureduringthe1to11yearsbeforediagnosisis10.3%..”Thissentenceisinaccurateas().AThesubjectandtheverbdonotagreeinnumber.BThesubjectandthepredicatedonotmakesensetogether.CThesentencelacksunity.DThetenseisinappropriate.第13题"Thefindingofmorepronouncedassociationsforvasculardementiathanforothertypesarenovel."Thissentenceisinaccurateas().AThesubjectandtheverbdonotagreeinnumber.BThesubjectandthepredicatedonotmakesensetogether.CThesentencelacksunity.DThetenseisinappropriate.第14题IntracranialbleedingisacommoncomplicationofTBI()increasestheriskofdeathanddisability.AthatBwhichC,whichD,that第15题Excercise第1题Thesubjectofthetopicsentenceshouldbethetopicoftheparagraph.第2题Orderofemphasisisalwaysrecommendedinmethodssection.第3题Tomaketheorderofdetailsmoreeffective,chronologicalorderisrecommended.第4题Theorderofdetailswillbeefficientiftheyallowforaminimumofrepetition.第5题Weshouldkeepaconsistentverbtensetostrengthencontinuity.第6题Inordertoemphasizethemostimportantinformation,weshouldalwaysrepeatkeytermsattheendofthesentences.第7题Tomakethelanguagelessrepetitve,weshoulduseasmanywaystoexplainthekeytermsaspossible.第8题Weshouldavoidthesuddenshiftofsentencetopics,soputtingoldinformationbeforenewisagreatstrategy.第9题WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedinthemostcommonordersofdetailsinSCIpapers?AannouncedorderBtimeorderCcauseandeffectDemphasisorder第10题Whichofthefollowingisnotaconnectivewordthatexpressescontrast?AforanotherthingBevensoConthecontraryDyet第11题Havingafamilyhistoryofdementiaputsyouatgreaterriskofdevelopingthecondition.________,manypeoplewithafamilyhistoryneverdevelopsymptoms.ASoBForinstanceCInbriefDHowever第12题Thepointofviewshouldbethatof____________.AfirstpersonBthirdpersonCsecondpersonDaboveall第13题Itisverycommontousedirectquestionsinacademicwriting.第14题"We"isneverappliedinacademicwriting.第15题Exercise第1题Agoodtitleisthemostpossiblewordsthatadequatelydescribethecontentsofthepaper.第2题Atitleshouldsummarizethecentralideaofthepaperconciselyandcorrectly.第3题Aninformativeandcompletetitleshouldincludethesufficientandnecessaryinformationforreadertoknoweitherwhattheresearchisaboutorwhattheresearchhasdiscovered.第4题Thefunctionofthetitleofadescriptivepaperistoexpresseitherthetopicorthemessageofthepaperthroughtheindependentvariableandthedependentvariableusedinthestudy.第5题Titlesneedtobegeneraltoapotentialreaderquicklyscanningatableofcontentsorperforminganonlinesearch.第6题Beingbriefandconcisemeansyouneedtouseaccurateandclearwordstoindicatetheclearrelationshipbetweenvariablesandexactmeaningofyourresearchpaper.第7题Payingattentiontowordorderinthetitleisimportantbecauseitcaninfluencethereader’sinterestinthepaper.第8题Generally,wordsattheendofthetitlemakethemostimpact.第9题Byremovingextraandunspecificwords,thefinaltitleshouldbeunambiguous,memorable,captivating,andinformative.第10题Correctuseofprepositionsinthetitlemakesitclearerandhelpsthereadertounderstandhowthetitleelementsarerelatedtoeachother.第11题A________isawordoragroupofwordsusedbeforeanoun,pronoun,ornounphrasetoshowdirection,time,place,location,spatialrelationships,ortointroduceanobject.AverbBnounCprepositionDadjective第12题________meansweusetheminimumwordstoprovidethesufficientinformationoftheresearchpaper.AClearityBBrevityCAccuracyDCleartarget第13题In________,phrasesareusedinthetitletoindicatewhatthepaperisabout.Aatopic/phrasetitleBatopic/sentencetitleCameassage/phrasetitleDamessage/sentencetitle第14题In________,phraseareusedinthetitletoindicatewhatthepaperhasfound.Aatopic/sentencetitleBatopic/phrasetitleCamessage/sentencetitleDamessage/phrasetitle第15题Exercise第1题Introductionpartexplains“theknown”,and“theunknown”ofthefield.第2题TwofunctionsofIntroductionaretoprovideenoughinformationandtoarousethereaders'interestincontinuingreadingyourarticle.第3题TheformofIntroductionislikeacone,fromsmalltolargeornarrowtobroad.第4题Introductionendswithaclearstatementsummarizingyourrationale,oryourhypothesisoryourpurpose.第5题Toformulateyourobjective,presenttenseisthebestchoice.第6题Usingproperadverbsisagoodwaytolinkdifferentfactstogethertoproducelogical,cleartext.第7题Youshouldbecautioustociteareferencethatyouhavenotreadandbesuretocitethesourceoftheoriginaldocument.第8题Referencesshouldnotonlybeselectedfromup-datedarticleswithhigherimpactfactors.第9题Originalliteratureshouldbeselectedratherthanreviewarticles.第10题Standardtextbooksasreferencesarealwaysneededtolistaswell.第11题Generally,Introductionsectionaccountsforabout_______ofthetotalwordcountofthebodyofatypicalresearcharticle.A20%B15%C10%D5%第12题Therearegenerally2-5paragraphsintheIntroductionsection,mostcommonly____paragraphs.A3B4C2D5第13题IntheIntroductionsection,todescribesomethingthathasnothappenedyet,_________tenseisrecommended.APastPerfectBPresentCPastDPresentPerfect第14题Toindicatetheorderofyourexperimentalmethodsandresults,whichadverbisthemostappropriate?AHoweverBSubsequentlyCMoreoverDHense第15题Exercise第1题ThesubsectionsoftheMethodsindifferentmedicalpapersfollowsthegenericstructureonly.第2题Interventionscannotbewritteninasinglesubsectionwithasinglesubtitle.第3题Whendrugswereused,statethegenericname,manufacturer,purity,andconcentrationofdrugs,alsostatetheamountofdrugadministeredperkilogramofbodyweightandduration.第4题Whenitcomestohumansubjects,authorsusuallypresentthedetailedinformationintables.第5题Authorsdon'thavetoincludeastatementregardingobtainingapprovalfromtheethicscommitteewithitsregistrationNumber.第6题"TheDeclarationofHelsinki"isasetofethicsprinciplesdevelopedbytheWorldMedicalAssociationtoprovideguidancetoscientistsandphysiciansinmedicalresearchinvolvinghumansubjects.第7题Forawell-knownmethodorapparatus,authorsneednottobedescribed.Onlyprovideareference.第8题AuthorscanonlystatehowtheycalculatedderivedvariablesinMethodsofMeasurementandCalculation.第9题InAnalysisofDatasubsection,authorscanstatethesamplesize(n)ifthesamplesizeanalyzedforeachcomparisonisnotobviousfromthestudydesign.第10题WithineachsubsectionoftheMethods,authorscanorganizetopicsin2typesoforders:eitherchronologicallyorinorderofmosttoleastimportant.第11题METHODSmustanswer3questionsAHowmanyexperiemntshavebeendone?BWhatwasused?CWhatwasdone?DHowwasitdone?正确答案：BCD第12题WhichofthefollowingsubtitlesoftheMethodssectionarefrequentlyusedonesinclinicalstudies?AStudy(Human)SubjectsBInclusionandExclusionCriteriaCStudyDesignDAnalysisofData正确答案：ABCD第13题IntheStudyDesignyouoftenincludethefollowinginformation：AQuestion(s)askedBIndependentvariablesCDependentvariablesDallcontrols正确答案：ABCD第14题Thetypesofdetailsthatareoftenplacedinparenthesesinclude:Amanufacturers'namesBmodelnumbersCweightsDdosesandconcentrations正确答案：ABCDExercise第1题Theresultssectionshouldincludeasmanydataaspossible.第2题Generallytheresultssectionshouldnotincludecomparisonoftheresultswithothers.第3题Dataarealwayspresentedinthetablesandfigures,andneverinthetext.第4题Tablesareusedtopresentspecificinformationorexactvalueswhilefiguresareusedtoshowcomparisons,patternsortrends.第5题Theresultssectioncouldorganizeinchronologicalorder,orintheorderofimportance.第6题Allresultsshouldbegivenequallengthintheresultssection.第7题Unnecessaryintensifierssuchas‘clearly’.‘essential’,‘quite’,‘basically’,‘rather’,‘fairly’‘really’and‘’virtually’shouldbeavoided.第8题Irrelevantresultscouldbeexcludedfromtheresultssection,butresultsthatdonotsupportthehypothesisshouldbereported.第9题Forclinicalstudies,theresultssectiontypicallyincludesparticipantdescription,primaryresults,andsecondaryresults.第10题Theresultssectionisusuallywritteninthepresenttense.第11题Theresultssectionshouldpresentaneffectiveinterplaybetweenthefollowingexcept_____.AtablesBfiguresCtextDreferences第12题Datainthetextoftheresultssectionshouldbe______AaccurateandinternallyconsistentBinnumeralformCrepeatingthoseintablesandfiguresDasdetailedaspossible第13题Clarityinwritingtheresultssectioncouldbeachievedbythefollowingexcept_______AcomparativestructuresBtransitionwordsCeffectiveadjectivesDparallelstructures第14题Weshouldemphasize______intheresultssection.AdataBimportantresultsCtablesDfigures第15题Exercise第1题Inthediscussionsection,youneedtoconvincethereadersthatyouransweristrue,importantandsupportedbyanswersfromotherstudies.第2题Thediscussionsectionfollowstheinvertedconestructure,zoomingoutfromyourmainfindingstotheresearchcontext.第3题Oneofthebestwaystostartthediscussionsectionistostartwiththestudy’smajorfindingsthatprovideananswertotheresearchquestionintheIntroduction.第4题Answertotheresearchquestionorhypothesisshouldbepresentedwiththesamevariables,verbsusedandpointofviewwiththoseinthequestionfromtheintroductionsection.第5题Keyargumentsneednotbepresentedwithreferences.第6题Limitationsshouldbeasspecifictothestudyaspossible.第7题Firstpersonpronounsshouldbeavoidedinthediscussionsection.第8题Thediscussionsectionpresentsdataandinterpretstheresults.第9题Supportoftheanswercouldcomefromboththepresentstudyandotherstudies.第10题Discrepanciesbetweenyourstudyandotherstudiesshouldbeexplained.第11题Whiledescribingthelimitations,weshouldalsoprovide_____.AexplanationsBdataCreferencesDresults第12题Thediscussionsectionisgenerallyorganized______AinchronologicalorderBfrommosttoleastimportantCfromleasttomostimportantDfromspecifictogeneral第13题Strengthofthestudycouldberelatedto____AobjectivesBparticipantsCmethodsDalloftheabove第14题Thediscussionsectionshouldendwith______.AapplicationBrecommendationCimplicationorspeculationDalloftheabove第15题Exercise第1题FiguresandTablesenablewriterstopresentasmallamountofinformationefficientlyandtomakethedatamorecomprehensible.第2题Makesureyourfiguresandtablescanstandalonefromthetextandcommunicateclearlyyourmostsignificantresults.第3题Figuresaremoresuitableforpresentingstatic

orexactnumbersratherthanpronouncedtrends.第4题Figuresarevisualpresentationsofresults,includinggraphs,diagrams,photos,drawings,schematics,maps,etc.第5题Mostfiguresthatpresentquantitativeinformationhavefiveelements,includingdatafield,verticalscale,horizontalscale,labelsanddata.第6题Figurecaptionorlegend,usuallygivenbelowthefigure,describesthefigureandmustreflectthefigureentirely,independentofthemaintext.第7题Atableusuallyshowsnumericalvaluesortextualinformationarrangedincolumnsandrows.第8题Tableshavefourthreeparts:thetitle,thebody,andfootnotes.第9题Theitemsexplainedinthefootnotesofatableareusuallyexperimentalmethods,themeaningofabbreviationsorsymbols,andstatisticalinformation.第10题Columnheadingsofatableconsistofheadingsthatidentifytheitemslistedinthecolumnsbelowthem,subheadingsasnecessary,andunitsofmeasurementasnecessary.第11题___________isaspaceinthefigureinwhichdataarepresentedAFigurenumberBLabelsCDatafieldDFigurelines第12题__________identifythevariablesgraphedandtheunitsofmeasurement.ADatafieldBFigurelinesCLabelsDFigurenumber第13题Donotusea_________whenyouwishtoshowatrendorapatternofrelationshipbetweensetsofvaluesAtableBfigureCtableandfigureDcolumn第14题______________arephrasesorsentencesplacedbelowthebodyofthetablethatexplainitemsinthetitle,columnheadings,orbodyofthetable.AThebodyBThetitleCThecolumnheadingDFootnotes第15题Exercise第1题Figuresshowspecificinformationwhiletablespresentcomparisonsandpatterns.第2题Diagramisatypeofstatisticalfigure.第3题Consistentdesignshouldbeusedforfiguresinonepaper.第4题Figuresshouldbereadableindependentofthetext.第5题Authorsshouldreportdatabothinthetextandinthefigure.第6题Figurelegendsusuallycomebelowthefigure.第7题Figuretitlescouldbeintheformofnounphrase+prepositionphrase.第8题Linegraphsar