2026年研究生入学考试英语专业词汇及答案

2026年研究生入学考试英语专业词汇及答案考试时长：120分钟满分：100分班级：__________姓名：__________学号：__________得分：__________试卷名称：2026年研究生入学考试英语专业词汇考核试卷考核对象：报考英语专业硕士研究生的考生题型分值分布：-判断题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-单选题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-多选题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-案例分析（总共3题，每题6分）总分18分-论述题（总共2题，每题11分）总分22分总分：100分---一、判断题（每题2分，共20分）请判断下列说法的正误。1.Theterm"lexicaldensity"referstotheproportionofcontentwordstofunctionwordsinagiventext.2."Paradigmshift"isasociolinguisticconceptthatdescribesasuddenchangeinlanguageusewithinacommunity.3.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtoindicateanactionthatoccurredbeforeanotherpastaction.4."Euphemism"isarhetoricaldevicethatreplacesoffensivetermswithmilderalternatives.5.ThesubjunctivemoodiscommonlyusedinconditionalsentencesinEnglish.6."Pragmatics"studieshowcontextinfluencestheinterpretationofmeaninginlanguage.7.Theterm"archaic"referstowordsthatarenolongerincommonusebutarepreservedinliterature.8."Synecdoche"isafigureofspeechwhereapartrepresentsthewhole.9.Thepassivevoiceisalwayspreferredovertheactivevoiceinacademicwriting.10."Dialectology"isthestudyofregionalvariationsinlanguage.二、单选题（每题2分，共20分）请选择最符合题意的选项。1.Whichofthefollowingisasynonymfor"ubiquitous"?A.RareB.CommonC.ComplexD.Ancient2.Theterm"jargon"refersto:A.FormallanguageusedinlegaldocumentsB.TechnicallanguagespecifictoafieldC.PoeticlanguagewithmetaphoricalmeaningD.Childishlanguage3.Whatistheprimaryfunctionof"collocation"?A.ToaddhumortowritingB.TocreaterhythminspeechC.TolinkwordsthatfrequentlyappeartogetherD.Toemphasizeaparticularword4.Thepastperfectcontinuoustenseisusedtodescribe:A.AnactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuedtothepresentB.AnactionthatwascompletedataspecifictimeinthepastC.AnactionthathappenedbeforeanotherpastactionD.Anactionthatoccurredsimultaneouslywithanotherpastaction5."Metonymy"isafigureofspeechwhere:A.OnewordreplacesanotherwithsimilarmeaningB.ApartrepresentsthewholeC.AnobjectsymbolizesanabstractideaD.Theoppositeofawordisusedforemphasis6.Theterm"linguisticrelativity"isassociatedwith:A.ThestudyoflanguagechangeovertimeB.TheideathatlanguageshapesthoughtC.TheanalysisoflanguageinliteratureD.Theclassificationoflanguages7."Alliteration"isarhetoricaldevicethatinvolves:A.TherepetitionofconsonantsoundsatthebeginningofwordsB.TherepetitionofvowelsoundswithinwordsC.TheuseofrhymingwordsinasentenceD.Thejuxtapositionofcontrastingideas8.Theterm"idiom"refersto:A.AformalexpressionusedinacademicwritingB.AphrasewhosemeaningcannotbededucedfromindividualwordsC.AwordthathasmultiplemeaningsD.Awordthatisarchaicbutstillusedinpoetry9."Hypophora"isarhetoricaldevicewhere:A.AquestionisaskedandansweredwithinthesametextB.TheauthoravoidsansweringaquestionC.ArhetoricalquestionisusedtoemphasizeapointD.Aquestionisposedbutneveraddressed10.Theterm"semantics"studies:A.ThestructureofwordsB.ThemeaningofwordsC.ThehistoryoflanguageD.Thesoundsoflanguage三、多选题（每题2分，共20分）请选择所有符合题意的选项。1.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofcontentwords?A.PrepositionsB.NounsC.AdjectivesD.Verbs2.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedin:A.HypotheticalsituationsB.CommandsC.PoliterequestsD.Expressionsofnecessity3.Whatarethefunctionsof"euphemism"?A.TosoftenharshrealitiesB.ToavoidoffenseC.ToaddhumorD.Topreservearchaiclanguage4."Paradigmshift"isobservedin:A.ScientifictheoriesB.LinguisticchangesC.CulturalnormsD.Technologicaladvancements5.Thepastperfectcontinuoustenseisusedtodescribe:A.AnongoingactionbeforeanotherpasteventB.AcompletedactionwithdurationC.AbackgroundactioninthepastD.Asuddeneventinthepast6."Metonymy"involves:A.UsingacontainertorepresentitscontentsB.UsingaparttorepresentthewholeC.SymbolizinganabstractideawithanobjectD.Replacingawordwithasynonym7.Thestudyof"pragmatics"includes:A.HowcontextaffectsmeaningB.TheuseoflanguageinsocialinteractionsC.ThestructureofsentencesD.Thehistoryoflanguagefamilies8."Alliteration"isusedto:A.CreaterhythminspeechB.AddemphasistowordsC.EnhancethebeautyoflanguageD.Describeascenevividly9.Theterm"idiom"ischaracterizedby:A.LiteralinterpretationB.Non-literalmeaningC.CulturalspecificityD.Grammaticalcorrectness10."Dialectology"examines:A.RegionalvariationsinpronunciationB.DifferencesinvocabularyC.ThehistoricaldevelopmentofdialectsD.Thesocialfactorsinfluencinglanguage四、案例分析（每题6分，共18分）1.CaseStudy:Belowisasentencefromaliteraryanalysis:"Theprotagonist'sdecisiontoleavethevillagewasnotmerelyachoicebutaculminationofyearsofinternalconflict."Analyzethesentenceintermsofsyntax,semantics,andpragmatics.2.CaseStudy:Considerthefollowingdialoguefromaplay:SpeakerA:"Youmustattendthemeetingtomorrow."SpeakerB:"I'drathernot,butI'llgoifyouinsist."Explainhowthesubjunctivemoodandpolitenessstrategiesareusedinthedialogue.3.CaseStudy:Thefollowingsentencecontainsmultiplerhetoricaldevices:"Theoldoaktreestoodtall,asilentwitnesstothevillage'shistory."Identifythedevicesusedandexplaintheireffects.五、论述题（每题11分，共22分）1.Discusstheimportanceof"lexicaldensity"inacademicwriting.Provideexamplestosupportyourargument.2.Explainhow"linguisticrelativity"influencestranslationandcross-culturalcommunication.Includereal-worldexamples.---标准答案及解析一、判断题1.√2.×3.√4.√5.√6.√7.√8.√9.×10.√解析：1."Lexicaldensity"measurestheproportionofcontentwordstofunctionwords,reflectingthetext'scomplexity.2."Paradigmshift"isascientificconcept;sociolinguisticsstudieslanguagevariationincommunities.3.Thepastperfecttenseindicatesanactionbeforeanotherpastevent(e.g.,"Ihadfinishedbeforeshearrived").4."Euphemism"softensoffensiveterms(e.g.,"passedaway"for"died").5.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedinhypotheticalconditions(e.g.,"IfIwereyou...").6.Pragmaticsstudiesmeaningincontext(e.g.,"Readthesign"implies"Stop").7."Archaic"referstooutdatedwords(e.g.,"thou"inShakespeare).8."Synecdoche"usesapartforthewhole(e.g.,"allhands"forsailors).9.Theactivevoiceispreferredinclarity(e.g.,"Thedogchasedtheball"vs."Theballwaschasedbythedog").10."Dialectology"studiesregionallanguagevariations(e.g.,Britishvs.AmericanEnglish).二、单选题1.B2.B3.C4.C5.C6.B7.A8.B9.A10.B解析：1."Ubiquitous"means"common"(e.g.,"smartphonesareubiquitous").2."Jargon"isfield-specifictechnicallanguage(e.g.,medicaljargon).3."Collocation"referstowordpairs(e.g.,"heavyrain").4.Thepastperfectcontinuoustenseemphasizesdurationbeforeapastevent(e.g.,"Shehadbeenstudyingforhours").5."Metonymy"usesrelatedconcepts(e.g.,"theCrown"formonarchy).6."Linguisticrelativity"(Sapir-Whorfhypothesis)stateslanguageshapesthought.7."Alliteration"repeatsconsonantsounds(e.g.,"PeterPiperpicked").8."Idiom"hasnon-literalmeaning(e.g.,"bitethebullet").9."Hypophora"involvesaskingandansweringaquestion(e.g.,"Whatislove?Loveis...").10."Semantics"studieswordmeaning(e.g.,"thesemanticsof'free'").三、多选题1.B,C,D2.A,C3.A,B4.A,B,C,D5.A,B,C6.A,C7.A,B8.A,B,C9.B,C10.A,B,C,D解析：1.Contentwordscarrymeaning(nouns,verbs,adjectives);functionwords(prepositions)donot.2.Thesubjunctiveisusedinhypotheticals("IfIwere...")andpoliteness("I'drathernot").3."Euphemism"softensharshtopics(e.g.,"passedaway")andavoidsoffense.4."Paradigmshift"occursinscience(e.g.,quantumtheory),language(e.g.,internetslang),culture(e.g.,gendernorms),andtechnology(e.g.,AI).5.Thepastperfectcontinuousemphasizesdurationbeforeapastevent(e.g.,"Shehadbeenrunning").6."Metonymy"usesrelatedconcepts(e.g.,"theWhiteHouse"forU.S.government)andsymbolizesideas(e.g.,"thepenismightier").7.Pragmaticsstudiescontext(e.g.,sarcasm)andsociallanguageuse(e.g.,greetings).8."Alliteration"createsrhythm(e.g.,"silversplendors"),emphasis(e.g.,"sharpasatack"),andbeauty(e.g.,"whisperingwinds").9."Idioms"havenon-literalmeanings(e.g.,"spillthebeans")andareculturallyspecific.10."Dialectology"studiespronunciation(e.g.,Britishvs.Americanaccents),vocabulary(e.g.,"truck"vs."lorry"),history(e.g.,OldEnglish),andsocialfactors(e.g.,classinfluence).四、案例分析1.解析：-Syntax:Thesentenceusesacompoundpredicate("wasnotmerelyachoicebutaculmination").-Semantics:"Culmination"emph