高考英语核心语法名词性从句讲义

2026年高考英语核心语法·名词性从句名词性从句是高考英语语法核心考点（近5年全国卷考频：每年23题），主要以语法填空（23分）、完形填空（12分）、书面表达（23分）形式命题，总分值占比58分，是提分关键模块。其本质是“用完整句子充当名词功能”，可作主语/宾语/表语/同位语。一、名词性从句的判定原则1.功能判定：充当名词成分找谓语动词：确定主句和从句的谓语，判断“某句子是否充当另一句子的名词成分”；辨功能差异：名词性从句=作主语/宾语/表语/同位语（名词功能）；定语从句=修饰名词（修饰功能）；状语从句=修饰动词/句子（修饰功能）。应试技巧：若空格后是完整句子，且该句子在主句中作名词成分→判定为名词性从句。示例（2025·全国I卷·语法填空）____mystudentsdemonstratedtomeismoreimportantthanwritingskills.（答案：What）判定：主句谓语是is，空格后“mystudentsdemonstratedtome”是完整句子，且作is的主语（名词功能）→主语从句；从句中demonstrated缺宾语，故填What。（2025·全国I卷·语法填空）Wehope____wecanpresenttheratherabstractGogameandAIinavisualcontext.（答案：that/省略）判定：主句谓语是hope，空格后句子作hope的宾语（名词功能）→宾语从句；从句结构完整，故填that（可省略）。（2025·全国II卷·阅读B篇）Wewonder____thehospitalschoolcanhelpsickstudentskeepupwiththeirpeers.（答案：whether/how）判定：主句谓语是wonder，空格后句子作宾语→宾语从句；结合语境“想知道医院学校能否/如何帮学生跟上进度”，故填whether或how。2.语序规则：必用陈述语序名词性从句=“连接词+主语+谓语”（无论主句是疑问还是陈述语气）。高考常把从句设为疑问语序（多助动词/系动词提前），直接排除此类选项。示例：语法填空真题：正确：DoyouknowwhentheGoandAIexhibitionwillopen?阅读题干原题（正确）：Wewanttoknowhowthehospitalschoolhelpssickstudents.（连接词how+主语thehospitalschool+谓语helps，陈述语序）3.引导词分类：功能决定选择看从句是否完整（缺不缺主语/宾语/状语）；判引导词是否有含义；匹配引导词类型（见下表）。使用场景可使用词汇不可使用词汇示例主语从句whetherifWhetherwecanfinishthetaskontimeisstillunknown.（2025·北京卷·模拟，全国卷同源考点）宾语从句（动词后）whether/if无Wehope(that)wecanpresentGoandAIvisually.（2025·全国I卷·语法填空，可替换为whether/if表疑问）宾语从句（介词后）whetherifWearedebatingaboutwhetherweshouldadoptthenewplan.（2025·全国II卷·完形填空·原题）与ornot连用whetherifWewonderwhetherthehospitalschoolcanhelpstudentsornot.（2025·全国II卷·阅读B篇·题干改编，同源话题）表语/同位语从句whetherifThequestionwhetherweshouldgoremains.（2025·全国I卷·语法填空·同源考点）引导词类型核心特点常见词汇示例连接词从句完整+引导词无义（that）/表“是否”（whether/if）that,whether,if（2025·全国I卷·语法填空）Wehope(that)wecanpresentGoandAIvisually.（从句完整，that无义可省略）连接代词从句缺主语/宾语/定语+引导词有含义（“什么”“哪一个”等）what,which,who,whose（2025·全国I卷·语法填空）Whatmystudentsdemonstratedtomeismoreimportant.（从句缺宾语，what表“……的东西”）连接副词从句完整（缺状语）+引导词有含义（“何时”“如何”等）when,where,why,how（2025·全国II卷·阅读题干）Wewonderhowthehospitalschoolhelpsstudents.（从句完整，how表“如何”，作方式状语）二、四大类名词性从句1.主语从句从句作主语时，主句谓语用单数；it作形式主语（高考书面表达必用提分句式），避免句子头重脚轻。Whatmystudentsdemonstratedtomeismoreimportant.Itisobviousthatprotectingtraditionalculturecanpromotenationalconfidence.Itisimportantthatwechooseaproperclasscolumnbecauseitcanfosterapositiveclassatmosphere.Itisnecessarythatweremindtheforeignteacherofthesubmissiondeadlineinapoliteway.ItisbeneficialthattheCampusBookCrossingactivitysharesreadingjoy.【注意】误用形式主语：避免出现“Thathewilleiscertain.”（语法正确但不自然），优先用“Itiscertainthathewille.”whether与if的区别：主语从句中只能用whether，不能用if例如：finish...ecanfinishthetaskontimeisstillunknown.（正确）/Ifwecanfinish...（错误）2.宾语从句that省略规则：动词后可省，介词后/并列从句第二个that不可省；if/whether区分：主语从句/介词后/与ornot连用时，只能用whether。TuNingningsaid(that)theexhibitionbringstogetherGocultureandart.（said后that可省略）Wearedebatingabout____weshouldadoptthenewplan.（Idon’tthinkthatonlineeducationcanreplaceofflineteaching.（否定转移）【注意】that的省略边界：只有动词后的宾语从句中that可省略，介词后、并列宾语从句的第二个从句中that不能省略例如：Hesaid(that)hewouldsubmitthearticleontimeandthathewouldmakenecessaryrevisions.（第二个that不能省略，否则会导致句子歧义，直接引用真题）if的使用限制：介词后、与ornot连用的宾语从句中，只能用whether不能用if例如：正确：I’mworriedaboutwhetherhecanpass.错误：I’mworriedaboutifhecanpass.）3.表语从句Thevalueofthehospitalschoolisitkeepsstudents'dreamsalive.（错误：表语从句缺that，语法填空常考补全引导词考点）→正确：Thevalueofthehospitalschoolisthatitkeepsstudents'dreamsalive.（表语从句中that不可省，直接引用真题语法填空考点）错误：Thekeyquestionishowcanwepresenttheabstractculturevisually.（从句倒装）正确：Thekeyquestionishowwecanpresenttheabstractculturevisually.（陈述语序）【注意】误省略that：表语从句中that必须保留，不能像宾语从句那样省略（错误：Thefactistherearemanyreasons.正确：Thefactisthattherearemanyreasons.）混淆表语从句与定语从句：表语从句是“解释主语内容”，定语从句是“修饰名词”，如（正确：Thereasonisthathewasill.表语从句）/（正确：Thereasonwhyhewasillisclear.定语从句）4.同位语从句常见搭配：跟在fact/truth/news/doubt/question等名词后，解释名词内容；与定语从句区分：同位语从句that不充当成分，定语从句that作主语/宾语。There'snodoubtthatboilingtapwaterreducesmicroplastics.（doubt后同位语从句）同位语从句：ThenewsthattheDartspacecraftwilllaunchspreadwidely.（that不充当成分，解释news内容）定语从句：Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.（that作told宾语，限定news范围）【注意】与定语从句的区分：同位语从句中引导词that不充当成分，定语从句中that充当主语/宾语；同位语从句是“解释内容”，定语从句是“限定范围”。（对比：Thefactthathetoldmeistrue.定语从句，that作told的宾语）/（Thefactthathewaslateistrue.同位语从句，that不充当成分）引导词误用：解释“疑问类名词”（question/problem等）时，用whether/what/how等，不用that（正确：Thequestionwhetherweshouldgoremains.错误：Thequestionthatweshouldgoremains.）三、核心规则：时态呼应与特殊句式1.时态呼应主句现/将来时→从句用所需时态（无限制）；主句过去时→从句用相应过去时（过去将来/过去完成/一般过去）；从句是客观真理→无论主句时态，从句用一般现在时。主句时态从句时态要求示例一般现在时从句用所需时态（2025·全国I卷·语法填空）AstudyshowsthatGoreflectsEasternphilosophy.（主句shows现单三，从句reflects现单三，匹配语境）一般过去时从句用相应过去时（2025·全国I卷·阅读B篇）Theteachersaidshewouldadjustherteachingmethods.（主句said过去时，从句wouldadjust过去将来时，匹配）主句过去时（从句客观真理）从句一般现在时（2025·全国II卷·语法填空）ThescientistsaidmicroplasticsspreadacrosstheEarth.（从句是客观事实，用一般现在时spread，直接引用真题）2.特殊句式：疑问词+everwhatever/whichever/whenever等引导名词性从句时，表“无论……”，可作主句的主语、宾语等。Whatevereffortscraftsmenmaketorestoreheirloomsreflectthehumanistapproachtowork.（whatever引导主语从句，相当于Anyeffortsthatcraftsmenmake）【注意】名词性从句（无先行词）：Whatevereffortsyoumakewillhelp.（whatever引导主语从句，无先行词，=Anyeffortsyoumake）让步状语从句（有先行词）：Whatevereffortsyoumake,youwillsucceed.（有逗号分隔，引导让步状语，=Nomatterwhat）看到“疑问词+ever”，先看是否有逗号/先行词，再判定从句类型。四、易错点1.引导词误用陷阱误用that/what（核心：that不充当成分，what需作从句成分）看到从句缺主语/宾语→直接排除that，优先选what/which错误：ThattheGoandAIexhibitionpresentsisEasternphilosophy.正确：WhattheGoandAIexhibitionpresentsisEasternphilosophy.（what作presents宾语，速判选what，基于真题话题改编）____EcoLearnoffersisbarrierfreeregistration.（速判：从句缺宾语→选What）2.语序倒装陷阱从句用疑问语序（核心：名词性从句必用陈述语序）看到“连接词+助动词/系动词提前”→直接判定错误错误：Idon'tknowwhereistheGoandAIexhibition.（where后is提前，疑问语序）正确：Idon'tknowwheretheGoandAIexhibitionis.（wher