历年高考真题-2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷英语试卷真题（空白卷）

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新高考全国Ⅰ卷本试卷共12页。考试结束后,注意事项1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生2B铅笔填涂;0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草作图可先使用铅笔画出,保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。 听力（1-20小题）在笔试结束后进行。第二部 阅读(共两节，满分50分第一 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分A、B、C、DABikeRental&GuidedWelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears排挡bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sHandBrake,ThreeFootBrake,No131day(24EachadditionalGuidedCityThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.WhatisanadvantageofItgiveschildrena B.ItofoffersmanytypesofC.Itorganizesfreecycle D.Ithasover2,500rentalHowmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwoA. B. C. D.WheredoestheguidedcitytourTheGooyer, B.TheSkinnyC.Heineken D.DamBWhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,JohnaddedtheHewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoHewasfondof B.HeenjoyedbeingC.Hehadaninquiring D.HelongedtobeaWhydidJohnputthesludgeintotheTofeedthe B.TobuildanC.Toprotectthe D.Totesttheeco-Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningToreviewJohn’sresearch B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sC.TocompareJohn’sdifferent D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sWhatisthebasisforJohn’sNaturecanrepair B.OrganismsneedwatertoC.LifeonEarthis D.MosttinycreaturesliveinCThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigital includingadetailedexplorationofwhatasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforTodoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.WhatisthebookaimedTeachingcriticalthinking B.AdvocatingasimpledigitalC.Solvingphilosophical D.PromotingtheuseofadigitalWhatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3A.Clear- B.Add- C.Check- WhatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartTheoretical B.StatisticalC.Practical D.HistoricalWhatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinpartUsethemas B.RecommendthemtoC.Evaluatetheir D.IdentifytheideasbehindDOnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareWhatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyThemethodsof B.TheunderlyinglogicoftheC.Thecausesofpeople’s D.ThedesignofGalton’sNavajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif thecrowdswererelatively B.therewereoccasionalindividualsdidnot D.estimateswerenotfullyWhatdidthefollow-upstudyfocusThesizeofthe B.ThedominantCThediscussion D.TheindividualWhatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’A. B. C. D.第二 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.16Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”17Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsdoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday. Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.19Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.20We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongNowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutCTheymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheIt’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeItdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetWhateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitWhateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyour第二部 语言运用(共两节，满分30分第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分A、B、C、DOnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshould21thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her22camebecauseshewascarryinga23acrossthefinishline.Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher24whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She25tohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith26.Shecouldn’t.Baileythen27toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget28attention.Oncethere,Lenouewas29andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme30tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey’shelp.AsforBailey,sheismore31aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig32.“Shewascrying.Icouldn’t33her,”Baileytoldthereporter.“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightAlthoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe ,they’vesincebecomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe ofhumankindnesswontheday.21.A.B.C.D.22.A.B.C.D.23.A.B.C.D.24A.B.C.D.25.A.B.C.D.26.A.B.C.D.27.A.wentB.stoodC.steppedD.bent28.A.B.C.D.29.A.B.C.D.30.A.B.C.D.31.A.B.C.D.32.A.B.C.D.33.A.B.C.D.34.A.B.C.D.35.A.B.C.D.第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分1Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasing36(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether37(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),38toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe39(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao’sbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersare40handratherthanrolled.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowing41(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof42(they)contents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith43touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearanddelicious.NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris (rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft (want)morenexttime.第三部 写作(共两节，满分40分第一 (满分15分Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存80DearI’mLiHuafromClassLi第二 (满分25分阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,WhenIwasinmiddleschool,mysocialstudiesteacheraskedmetoenterawritingcontest.Isaidnowithoutthinking.Ididnotlovewriting.MyfamilycamefromBrazil,soEnglishwasonlymysecondlanguage.WritingwassodifficultandpainfulformethatmyteacherhadallowedmetopresentmypaperonthesinkingoftheTitanicbyactingoutaplay,whereIplayedalltheparts.Noonelaughedharderthanhedid.So,whydidhesuddenlyforcemetodosomethingatwhichIwassuretofail?Hisreply:“BecauseIloveyourstories.Ifyou’rewillingtoapplyyourself,Ithinkyouhaveagoodshotatthis.”Encouragedbyhiswords,Iagreedtogiveitatry.IchosePaulRevere’shorseasmysubject.PaulReverewasasilversmith银匠inBostonwhorodeaatnightonApril18,1775toLexingtontowarnpeoplethatBritishsoldierswerecoming.Mystorywouldcomestraightfromthehorse’smouth.Notabrilliantidea,butfunny;andunlikelytobeanyoneelse’schoice.Whatdidthehorsethink,ashespedthroughthenight?Didhegettired?Havedoubts?Didhewanttoquit?Isympathizedimmediately.Igottired.Ihaddoubts.Iwantedtoquit.But,likeRevere’shorse,Ikeptgoing.Iworkedhard.Icheckedmyspelling.Iaskedmyoldersistertocorrectmygrammar.IcheckedoutahalfdozenbooksonPaulReverefromthelibrary.Ievenreadafewofthem.WhenIhandedintheessaytomyteacher,hereadit,laughedoutloud,andsaid,“Great.Now,writeitagain.”Iwroteitagain,andagainandagain.WhenIfinallyfinishedit,thethoughtofwinninghadgivenwaytotheenjoymentofwriting.IfIdidn’twin,Iwouldn’tcare.注意150Afewweekslater,whenIalmostforgotthecontest,therecametheIwenttomyteacher’sofficeaftertheaward注意事项:英语听力共两节20小题,1.5分,30分