2025年河南省专升本历翻译试题及答案

2025年河南省专升本历翻译试题及答案一、英汉翻译（共5题，每题10分，共50分）请将下列英文段落翻译成通顺的现代汉语。1.IntheheartofHenan,aprovincesteepedin5,000yearsofChinesecivilization,liesauniqueculturalphenomenon:the"StoneInscriptionVillages"oftheCentralPlains.Thesevillages,whereancientstonetablets,steles,andcarvedwallsdotthealleys,arenotjustrepositoriesofhistorybutlivingtestamentstothewisdomofpastgenerations.Forcenturies,localcraftsmenhavepreservedtheartofstonecarving,passingdowntechniquesfromfathertoson.Eachstrokeonthestonetellsastory—ofharvests,offamilyties,ofmoralmaxims,andoftheresilienceofapeoplewhohaveweatheredfloods,wars,anddynasticchanges.Today,asmodernizationsweepsacrossruralChina,thesevillagesfaceadualchallenge:toprotecttheirstoneheritagewhileintegratingintothe21st-centuryeconomythroughtourismandculturalindustries.2.Theconceptof"doublereduction"ineducation,firstproposedbytheMinistryofEducationin2021,aimstoalleviatetheacademicburdenonprimaryandsecondaryschoolstudentsandreducethefinancialpressureonfamiliesfromoff-campustutoring.InHenan,apopulousprovincewithover26millionschool-agechildren,theimplementationofthispolicyhassparkedsignificantchanges.Schoolshaveexpandedafter-schoolserviceprograms,offeringactivitiesrangingfromcalligraphyandtraditionalmusictoroboticsandscienceexperiments.Parents,onceanxiousabouttheirchildren’scompetitiveedge,nowfindmoretimetoengageinfamilyactivities.However,challengesremain:someruralschoolslackfundingfordiversifiedcourses,andasmallnumberofundergroundtutoringclassesstilloperate,testingtheefficiencyofregulatorymeasures.3.TheYellowRiver,oftencalled"China’sMotherRiver,"hasnourishedHenanformillennia.Yet,itshistoryisalsooneoffrequentfloods.Inrecentdecades,acomprehensivemanagementplanhastransformedthis"sorrowofthenation"intoasourceofsustainabledevelopment.Theconstructionofsmartwaterconservancysystems,suchasreal-timefloodmonitoringsatellitesandautomatedsluicecontrols,hasreducedfloodrisksby70%.Meanwhile,ecologicalrestorationprojectsalongtheriverbanks—plantingnativewillows,restoringwetlands,andcreatingbirdsanctuaries—haveincreasedlocalbiodiversityby45%overthepastfiveyears.Forcommunitiesthatoncereliedsolelyonfarming,eco-tourismandorganicagriculturehavebecomeneweconomicpillars,withruralincomesgrowingbyanaverageof8%annually.4.TraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)hasdeeprootsinHenan.ThebirthplaceofZhangZhongjing,the"SageofMedicine"whowroteTreatiseonColdDamageandMiscellaneousDiseases(afoundationalTCMtext),theprovinceishometoover300TCMherbplantingbases.Inrecentyears,HenanhaspromotedtheintegrationofTCMintomodernhealthcaresystems.CommunityhealthcentersnowofferTCMserviceslikeacupuncture,cupping,andherbaldecoctionpreparation,withover90%ofcountieshavingspecializedTCMhospitals.Moreover,"TCM+tourism"hasemergedasanewtrend:visitorscanparticipateinherb-pickingexperiences,learnaboutTCMcultureinancientpharmacies,andevenreceivepersonalizedhealthconsultationsfromTCMpractitioners.5.TheShaolinTemple,locatedatthefootofSongshanMountaininHenan,isnotjustaBuddhistmonasterybutaglobalsymbolofChinesemartialarts.Foundedin495AD,itgainedfameinthe16thcenturyforitsmonks’roleindefendinglocalvillagesagainstbandits.Today,thetemple’sinfluenceextendsfarbeyonditsmountainoussetting.TheShaolinMartialArtsSchool,whichtrainsover10,000studentsannually,combinestraditionalkungfupracticewithmodernacademiccurricula.ItsgraduateshaveperformedininternationaleventsliketheOlympicsandBroadwayshows,bridgingculturalgapsthroughphysicaldisciplineandstorytelling.Meanwhile,digitalplatformshavehelpedspreadShaolinculture:live-streamedmeditationclassesattractmillionsofviewers,andvirtualrealitytoursallowpeopleworldwideto"walk"throughthetemple’sancientcourtyards.二、汉英翻译（共5题，每题10分，共50分）请将下列中文段落翻译成准确、流畅的英语。1.河南地处中原，是连接南北、贯通东西的交通枢纽。近年来，随着"米"字形高铁网络的建成，郑州已成为全国重要的高铁中心。从郑州出发，2小时内可抵达武汉、西安等6个省会城市，4小时内覆盖北京、上海等12个核心城市。高铁不仅缩短了空间距离，更带动了区域经济协同发展：沿线城市的旅游业收入年均增长15%，跨区域产业合作项目数量较五年前翻了两番。2.豫剧是河南的代表性地方戏曲，已有400多年历史。其唱腔高亢激昂，表演形式生动活泼，深受中原地区群众喜爱。近年来，豫剧团体积极探索创新：将传统剧目与现代舞台技术结合，用3D投影再现古代战场；通过短视频平台推广经典唱段，年轻观众占比从2018年的12%提升至2024年的38%；还与高校合作开设豫剧专业，培养既懂戏曲理论又能登台表演的复合型人才。3.兰考县曾是黄河故道上的"风沙窝"，经过数十年治沙造林，如今已变身"生态绿洲"。当地群众用泡桐树固沙，这种树木生长快、材质轻，既是防风林的主力，又为民族乐器制作提供了优质原料。全县泡桐种植面积达28万亩，年产民族乐器（如古筝、琵琶）50万件，占全国市场份额的35%。"种泡桐—固风沙—做乐器—促增收"的产业链，让曾经的贫困县实现了生态与经济的双赢。4.河南的博物馆资源丰富，全省共有国有博物馆165座，其中国家一级博物馆5座。位于郑州的河南博物院，馆藏文物17万件（套），涵盖从旧石器时代到明清时期的各类器物。馆内"中原古代文明之光"展览通过全息投影、互动触控等技术，让甲骨文、青铜器等文物"活"起来：观众可以用手机扫描青铜器，查看其铸造工艺的3D演示；触摸虚拟甲骨，聆听专家解读古老文字的含义。5.乡村振兴战略实施以来，河南许多村庄发生了巨变。洛阳市孟津区的卫坡村，曾因年轻人外出务工沦为"空心村"，如今通过"古村落+文创"模式重焕生机。村里修复了18座清代古宅，改造为手作工坊、非遗体验馆和特色民宿；邀请陶艺师、扎染艺人入驻，开发出"牡丹瓷""黄河泥陶"等文创产品；还举办"乡村艺术季"，吸引画家、音乐人来此创作。2024年，卫坡村接待游客超80万人次，村民人均年收入较2019年增长2.3倍。答案及解析一、英汉翻译1.在中华文明五千年历史浸润的河南省腹地，存在着一种独特的文化现象：中原"碑刻村落"。这些巷陌间散落着古碑、石碑与刻墙的村庄，不仅是历史的存贮所，更是历代先哲智慧的鲜活见证。数百年来，当地工匠以父传子的方式传承着石刻技艺。每一道石上刻痕都讲述着故事——关于丰收、亲情、道德箴言，以及历经洪水、战乱与王朝更迭的民众之坚韧。如今，当现代化席卷中国乡村，这些村落面临双重挑战：既要保护碑刻遗产，又要通过旅游与文化产业融入21世纪经济。（解析：注意"steepedin"译为"浸润"，"livingtestaments"译为"鲜活见证"，"resilience"译为"坚韧"，保持文化内涵；"dualchallenge"处理为"双重挑战"，准确传达语义。）2.2021年教育部首倡的"双减"教育理念，旨在减轻中小学生学业负担并降低家庭校外培训经济压力。在拥有超2600万学龄儿童的人口大省河南，这一政策的落地引发显著变化。学校拓展了课后服务项目，提供从书法、传统音乐到机器人、科学实验等多元活动。曾因担忧子女竞争力而焦虑的家长，如今有了更多时间参与家庭活动。但挑战犹存：部分农村学校缺乏开设多样化课程的资金，少量"地下培训班"仍在运作，考验着监管措施的效力。（解析："doublereduction"译为"双减"，符合官方表述；"sparkedsignificantchanges"译为"引发显著变化"，准确自然；"regulatorymeasures"译为"监管措施"，保持政策文本的正式性。）3.被称为"中国母亲河"的黄河，数千年来滋养着河南。但其历史亦伴随着频发的洪水。近几十年来，一项综合治理计划将这条"中华之患"转变为可持续发展之源。智能水利系统——如实时洪水监测卫星与自动水闸控制——的建设，使洪水风险降低70%。同时，河岸生态修复工程（种植本土柳树、恢复湿地、建设鸟类保护区）使过去五年当地生物多样性提升45%。对曾仅依赖农耕的社区而言，生态旅游与有机农业已成新经济支柱，农村收入年均增长8%。（解析："sorrowofthenation"译为"中华之患"，兼顾文化语境；"smartwaterconservancysystems"译为"智能水利系统"，符合科技术语；"biodiversity"译为"生物多样性"，专业准确。）4.中医药在河南根基深厚。作为著有中医经典《伤寒杂病论》的"医圣"张仲景故里，河南拥有超300个中药材种植基地。近年来，河南推动中医药融入现代医疗体系：社区卫生中心提供针灸、拔罐、中药煎制等服务，90%以上的县设有中医专科医院。此外，"中医药+旅游"渐成新趋势：游客可参与采药体验，在古药铺学习中医药文化，甚至从中医师处获得个性化健康咨询。（解析："foundationalTCMtext"译为"中医经典"，突出文献地位；"integration"译为"融入"，自然流畅；"personalizedhealthconsultations"译为"个性化健康咨询"，准确传达服务内容。）5.位于河南嵩山脚下的少林寺，不仅是佛教寺院，更是中国武术的全球象征。始建于公元495年，其因16世纪武僧护村抗匪而声名远扬。如今，寺院的影响远超山林之地。年培养超万名学员的少林武术学校，将传统功夫训练与现代学术课程结合。其毕业生在奥运会、百老汇等国际舞台表演，以身体修炼与故事讲述架起文化桥梁。同时，数字平台助力少林文化传播：直播禅修课吸引数百万观众，虚拟现实游览让全球民众"漫步"寺院古院。（解析："globalsymbol"译为"全球象征"，强调影响力；"bridgingculturalgaps"译为"架起文化桥梁"，生动形象；"virtualrealitytours"译为"虚拟现实游览"，符合技术术语。）二、汉英翻译1.LocatedintheCentralPlains,Henanservesasatransportationhubconnectingnorthandsouth,eastandwest.Inrecentyears,withthecompletionofits"rice-shaped"high-speedrailnetwork,Zhengzhouhasemergedasanationalhigh-speedrailcenter.FromZhengzhou,onecanreach6provincialcapitalslikeWuhanandXi’anwithin2hours,andcover12corecitiesincludingBeijingandShanghaiwithin4hours.High-speedrailshavenotonlyshortenedspatialdistancesbutalsodrivencoordinatedregionaleconomicdevelopment:tourismrevenuealongthelineshasgrownby15%annually,andthenumberofcross-regionalindustrialcooperationprojectshasquadrupledcomparedtofiveyearsago.（解析："米字形"译为"rice-shaped"，形象易懂；"交通枢纽"译为"transportationhub"，准确；"翻了两番"译为"quadrupled"，符合英语表达习惯。）2.YuOpera,arepresentativelocaloperaofHenan,hasahistoryofover400years.Withitsimpassionedsingingandlivelyperformancestyle,itisdeeplylovedbypeopleintheCentralPlains.Inrecentyears,YuOperatroupeshaveactivelyexploredinnovation:combiningtraditionalrepertoireswithmodernstagetechnologiestorecreateancientbattlefieldsvia3Dprojections;promotingclassicariasthroughshort-videoplatforms,withtheproportionofyoungaudiencesrisingfrom12%in2018to38%in2024;andcollaboratingwithuniversitiestoofferYuOperamajors,cultivatingcompositetalentswhounderstandbothoperatheoryandstageperformance.（解析："唱腔高亢激昂"译为"impassionedsinging"，突出特点；"复合型人才"译为"compositetalents"，准确；"3D投影"译为"3Dprojections"，符合技术术语。）3.LankaoCounty,oncea"sandywasteland"alongtheoldYellowRivercourse,hastransformedintoan"ecologicaloasis"afterdecadesofsandcontrolandafforestation.Localresidentsusepaulowniatreestofixsand—thesefast-growing,lightweighttreesnotonlyserveasthemainwindbreakbutalsoprovidehigh-qualityrawmaterialsfortraditionalmusicalinstrumentmaking.Thecounty’spaulowniaplantingareanowcovers280,000mu,withanannualoutputof500,000traditionalinstruments(suchasguzhengandpipa),accountingfor35%ofthenationalmarketshare.Theindustrialchainof"plantingpaulownia—controllingsand—producinginstruments—boostingincome"hasenabledthisformerpoverty-strickencountytoachieveawin-winforecologyandeconomy.（解析："风沙窝"译为"sandywasteland"，生动形象；"占全国市场份额"译为"accountingfor...marketshare"，符合商务英语表达；"双赢"译为"win-win"，简洁准确。）4.Henanisrichinmuseumresources,with165state-ownedmuseums,including5nationalfirst-classmuseums.TheHenanMuseuminZhengzhouhouses170,000culturalrelics(sets),coveringartifactsfromthePaleolithicAgetotheMingandQingdynasties.The"LightofAncientCentralPlainsCivilization"exhibitionusestechnologieslikeholographicprojectionandinteractivetouchscreenstobringculturalrelicssuchasoracleboneinscriptionsandbronzewarestolife:visitorscanscanbronzewareswiththeirphonestoview3Ddemonstrationsoftheircastingtechniques,ortouchvirtualoraclebonestolistentoexpertsinterpretingthemeaningsofancientcharacters.（解析："国有博物馆