2025年郑大生物与医药英语笔试及答案

2025年郑大生物与医药英语笔试及答案

一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Theterm"homeostasis"refersto:A.TheprocessofcelldivisionB.ThemaintenanceofastableinternalenvironmentC.ThestudyofheredityD.Thefunctionoftheimmunesystem2.Whichofthefollowingisanucleotide?A.GlucoseB.AminoacidC.AdenineD.Fattyacid3.Theprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergyiscalled:A.RespirationB.PhotosynthesisC.FermentationD.Nitrogenfixation4.Whichhormoneisprimarilyresponsibleforregulatingbloodsugarlevels?A.InsulinB.ThyroxineC.AdrenalineD.Estrogen5.Thestructurethatconnectsthesmallintestinetothelargeintestineis:A.StomachB.DuodenumC.IleumD.Cecum6.Theprocessofbreakingdownlargemoleculesintosmalleronesisknownas:A.SynthesisB.DigestionC.AbsorptionD.Excretion7.Theprimaryfunctionofredbloodcellsis:A.TransportingoxygenB.FightinginfectionsC.ClottingbloodD.Producinghormones8.Thegeneticmaterialthatisfoundinthenucleusofeukaryoticcellsis:A.RNAB.DNAC.ProteinsD.Lipids9.Theprocessbywhichcellsdividetoproducenewcellsiscalled:A.MitosisB.MeiosisC.FertilizationD.Osmosis10.Theorgansystemresponsiblefortransportingnutrients,blood,andgasesthroughoutthebodyis:A.DigestivesystemB.RespiratorysystemC.CirculatorysystemD.Nervoussystem二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Thebasicunitoflifeisthe________.2.Theprocessofconvertinglightenergyintochemicalenergyinplantsiscalled________.3.Thehormonethatregulatesbloodsugarlevelsis________.4.Theorgansystemresponsiblefortransportingnutrientsandoxygenisthe________.5.Thestructurethatconnectsthesmallintestinetothelargeintestineisthe________.6.Thegeneticmaterialthatcarrieshereditaryinformationis________.7.Theprocessbywhichcellsdividetoproducenewcellsiscalled________.8.Theorgansystemresponsibleforfightinginfectionsisthe________.9.Theprocessofbreakingdownlargemoleculesintosmalleronesiscalled________.10.Theorgansystemresponsibleforrespirationisthe________.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Homeostasisistheprocessofcelldivision.2.Photosynthesisoccursinthemitochondria.3.Insulinisahormonethatregulatesbloodsugarlevels.4.Theileumisthelastpartofthesmallintestine.5.Redbloodcellscontainhemoglobin.6.DNAisthegeneticmaterialfoundinthenucleus.7.Mitosisresultsintheproductionoffourgeneticallyidenticalcells.8.Thecirculatorysystemtransportsnutrientsandoxygenthroughoutthebody.9.Thedigestivesystembreaksdownlargemoleculesintosmallerones.10.Therespiratorysystemisresponsibleforexcretion.四、简答题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Describetheprocessofphotosynthesisinplants.2.Explaintheroleoftheimmunesysteminthebody.3.Discussthefunctionofthecirculatorysystem.4.Describethestructureandfunctionofaeukaryoticcell.五、讨论题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Discusstheimportanceofhomeostasisinmaintainingphysiologicalbalance.2.Explainhowtheprocessofphotosynthesiscontributestothecarboncycle.3.Discusstheroleofhormonesinregulatingphysiologicalprocesses.4.Discusstheimpactofgeneticmutationsonhumanhealth.答案和解析一、单项选择题答案1.B2.C3.B4.A5.D6.B7.A8.B9.A10.C二、填空题答案1.Cell2.Photosynthesis3.Insulin4.Circulatorysystem5.Cecum6.DNA7.Mitosis8.Immunesystem9.Digestion10.Respiratorysystem三、判断题答案1.False2.False3.True4.True5.True6.True7.True8.True9.True10.False四、简答题答案1.Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy.Itoccursinthechloroplasts,wherecarbondioxideandwaterareusedinthepresenceofsunlighttoproduceglucoseandoxygen.Theprocessinvolvestwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandthelight-independentreactions(Calvincycle).2.Theimmunesystemisresponsibleforprotectingthebodyagainstpathogenssuchasbacteria,viruses,andfungi.Itconsistsofvariouscomponents,includingwhitebloodcells,antibodies,andlymphnodes.Theimmunesystemrecognizesandeliminatesforeignsubstances,记忆并清除病原体，以及修复受损组织。3.Thecirculatorysystemisresponsiblefortransportingnutrients,oxygen,hormones,andwasteproductsthroughoutthebody.Itconsistsoftheheart,bloodvessels,andblood.Theheartpumpsblood,whilethebloodvessels(arteries,veins,andcapillaries)carrybloodtoandfromthebody'stissues.Bloodcarriesoxygen,nutrients,andhormonestocellsandremoveswasteproducts.4.Aeukaryoticcellisacomplexcellthathasatruenucleusandmembrane-boundorganelles.Thenucleuscontainsthecell'sgeneticmaterial(DNA)andcontrolscellularactivities.Otherorganellesincludethemitochondria(energyproduction),endoplasmicreticulum(proteinandlipidsynthesis),Golgiapparatus(proteinprocessingandpackaging),andlysosomes(wastebreakdown).五、讨论题答案1.Homeostasisiscrucialformaintainingphysiologicalbalanceinthebody.Itensuresthatinternalconditionsremainwithinanarrowrange,allowingcellsandorganstofunctionoptimally.Homeostaticmechanismsregulatevariousprocesses,includingbodytemperature,bloodpH,andbloodglucoselevels.Withouthomeostasis,thebodywouldbeunabletoadapttochangesintheexternalenvironment,leadingtodysfunctionanddisease.2.Photosynthesisplaysavitalroleinthecarboncycle.Duringphotosynthesis,plantstakeincarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereandconvertitintoglucose,asugarthatservesastheirfood.Thisprocessremovescarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereandreleasesoxygen.Theglucoseproducedbyplantsisthenusedbyotherorganisms,includinghumans,asasourceofenergy.Throughrespiration,theseorganismsreleasecarbondioxidebackintotheatmosphere,completingthecarboncycle.3.Hormonesarechemicalmessengersthatregulatevariousphysiologicalprocessesinthebody.Theyareproducedbyendocrineglandsandreleasedintothebloodstream,wheretheytraveltotargetcellsororgans.Hormonesplayaroleingrowthanddevelopment,metabolism,reproduction,andresponsetostress.Theybindtospecificreceptorsontargetcells,triggeringacascadeofeventsthatleadtoaphys