2026届新高考英语三轮冲刺复习非谓语动词

2026届新高考英语三轮冲刺复习

非谓语动词

导入•句子1:Hereadsbookseveryday.•句子2:Helikesreadingbooks.•句子3:Hehasabooktoread.•句子4:Thebookwrittenbyhimispopular.非谓语动词的定义不能单独做谓语，可作主语、宾语、定语、状语等的动词形式，无人称和数的变化。1.动词不定式一、基本形式基础式：to+动词原形（如todo,tostudy）否定式：notto+动词原形（如nottogo,nottoforget）省to情况：情态动词后（can/may/must）、使役动词后（make/let/have）、感官动词后（see/hear/watch）例：Hemademelaugh./Iseehersingasong.二、核心句法功能（附例句）1.作主语：表具体/一次性动作，常用it作形式主语正：TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.更优：ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.2.作宾语：接在特定动词后，熟记高频词：want/hope/decide/plan/try/wish/agree例：Iwanttotravelaroundtheworld.3.作表语：跟在系动词（be/become/seem）后，表主语的内容/目的例：Mydreamistobeateacher.4.作定语：后置修饰名词，表“要做的事/用途”例：Ihaveabooktoread./apentowritewith.5.作状语：表目的/结果/原因（最常用：目的状语）目的：Tocatchthebus,sheranfast.结果：Heistootiredtowalkon.6.作宾补：跟在宾语后补充说明，常见于ask/tell/teach/allow等动词后例：Myteachertoldmetostudyhard.高频易错点1.不定式作定语时，不及物动词需加相应介词（如aroomtolivein，而非tolive）2.省to的不定式在被动语态中要还原to：Hewasmadetoworkallday.3.特殊结构：too...to...（太……而不能）、enoughtodo（足够……去做）例：Theboxistooheavytocarry./Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.即时小练习（单句填空）1.It’seasy______(answer)thisquestion.2.Shehopes______(see)yousoon.3.Ihavesomething______(tell)you.4.Heaskedme______(notbe)late.5.Wegotoschool______(study)knowledge.toanswer

toseetotell

nottobe

tostudy2.动名词一、基本形式基础式：动词原形+-ing（如doing,reading,playing）否定式：not+动名词（如notgoing,notstudying）复合结构：形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动名词（表逻辑主语，如hiscoming,Tom’sarriving）例：复合结构作宾语时，可换宾格/普通名词（Irememberhimcoming./IrememberTomcoming.）二、核心句法功能（附例句）动名词具名词特性，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语，表泛指/习惯性/抽象性动作1.作主语：直接放句首，也可用it作形式主语（少见，多表具体动作）例：Readingisagoodhabit./It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.2.作宾语：接在特定动词/介词后，是核心考点，需熟记高频搭配◦

接动名词的高频动词：enjoy/finish/practice/mind/avoid/suggest/keep/consider例：Sheenjoysdancing./Iavoidmakingmistakes.◦

接动名词的高频介词：in/on/at/for/without/after/before+doing例：Heisgoodatswimming./Igotoschoolwithouthavingbreakfast.3.作表语：跟在系动词后，与主语表同一概念，不可用不定式替换例：Myhobbyispainting./Hisjobisteaching.4.作定语：前置修饰名词，表该名词的用途/功能例：aswimmingpool（泳池，用于游泳）/areadingroom（阅览室，用于阅读）高频易混点（与不定式对比/易错用法）1.

接不定式/动名词，意义相同：like/love/start/begin/hate例：Iliketoread/readingbooks.2.接不定式/动名词，意义不同（核心必记）：◦forgettodo（忘记去做，未做）/forgetdoing（忘记做过，已做）◦remembertodo（记得去做）/rememberdoing（记得做过）◦stoptodo（停下当前事，去做另一件）/stopdoing（停止做当前事）◦

trytodo（努力去做）/trydoing（尝试做）◦

meantodo（打算做）/meandoing（意味着）3.现在分词和过去分词二者均具形容词/副词特性，可作表语、定语、状语、宾补；核心区别：现在分词表主动/进行，过去分词表被动/完成。一、基本形式•现在分词（doing）：动词原形+-ing；否定式：notdoing•过去分词（done）：规则动词+-ed，不规则动词需熟记（see-seen/write-written/make-made）；否定式：notdone二、核心句法功能（对比讲解+例句）1.作定语（前置/后置）•现在分词：与被修饰词主动关系，表“正在做…的/具有…特性的”前置：arunningboy（正在跑的男孩）；anexcitingstory（令人兴奋的故事）后置：thegirlsingingintheroom（在房间唱歌的女孩）•过去分词：与被修饰词被动关系，表“被…的/已完成的/感到…的”前置：abrokencup（被打碎的杯子）；asurprisedgirl（感到惊讶的女孩）后置：thebookwrittenbyLuXun（鲁迅写的书）2.作表语（跟在系动词后，表主语特征/状态）•现在分词：主语多为事物，表“令人…的”例：Themovieisinteresting./Thenewsisshocking.•过去分词：主语多为人，表“感到…的”例：Iaminterestedinthemovie./Sheisshockedatthenews.固定搭配：beinterestedin/beexcitedabout/besurprisedat3.作状语（表时间/原因/伴随/让步，逻辑主语为句子主语，核心考点）•现在分词：逻辑主语与动作主动关系时间：Walkingalongthestreet,Isawafriend.（走在街上时，我看到了朋友）伴随：Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.（他坐在那儿，看着报纸）•过去分词：逻辑主语与动作被动关系原因：Tiredofthework,sheleftthecompany.（因厌倦工作，她离职了）时间：Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.（从山上看，这座城市很美）4.作宾补（跟在宾语后，补充说明宾语动作/状态）•现在分词：宾语与动作主动关系，表“正在进行”，常见于see/hear/watch/keep/find等动词后例：Isawhimplayingbasketballontheplayground.（我看到他正在操场打篮球）•过去分词：宾语与动作被动关系，表“已完成/被影响”，常见于have/get/make/see/hear等动词后例：Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.（我昨天剪了头发）例：Shefoundherbagstolen.（她发现包被偷了）高频易错点1.分词作状语时，逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则需加独立主格（如：Theweatherbeingfine,wewentout.）2.表心理活动的分词：-ing修饰事物，-ed修饰人（易错：anexcitedboy√/anexcitingboy×）3.使役动词后宾补：havesb.doing（让某人一直做）/havesth.done（让某事被做）单项选择1.Itisnecessaryforus______Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learned2.Hefinished______thebookyesterdayevening.A.readB.readingC.toreadD.reads3.______theroad,youmustbecareful.A.CrossB.TocrossC.CrossingD.Crossed4.Ihavealetter______thisafternoon.A.towriteB.writeC.writingD.wrote5.Thegirl______underthetreeismysister.A.standB.standingC.tostandD.stood6.Mymothertoldme______lateforschool.A.notbeB.nottobeC.don’tbeD.notbeing7.It’snogood______abouttheresultnow.A.worryB.toworryC.worryingD.worried8.______bythebeautifulview,weforgotthetime.A.AttractingB.AttractedC.AttractD.Toattract9.Isawhim______basketballwhenIpassedtheplayground.A.playB.playingC.toplayD.played10.Herdreamis______afamoussingerinthefuture.A.becomeB.tobecomeC.becomingD.became11.Heavoided______meinthestreetyesterday.A.meetB.tomeetC.meetingD.met12.______enoughtime,wecandotheworkbetter.A.GiveB.GivingC.Giv