2026年研究生入学英语考试易错词汇与结构解析

2026年研究生入学英语考试易错词汇与结构解析一、词汇辨析题（共10题，每题2分）说明：下列每组词汇中，有一项与其他两项在词义或用法上存在明显差异，请选出该选项。1.A.ambiguousB.obscureC.clearD.definite答案：C2.A.exacerbateB.mitigateC.alleviateD.intensify答案：C3.A.plethoraB.abundanceC.scarcityD.surplus答案：C4.A.ephemeralB.transientC.permanentD.fleeting答案：C5.A.mitigateB.alleviateC.exacerbateD.worsen答案：C6.A.redundantB.superfluousC.essentialD.unnecessary答案：C7.A.ephemeralB.transientC.enduringD.fleeting答案：C8.A.exacerbateB.intensifyC.mitigateD.alleviate答案：C9.A.plethoraB.abundanceC.dearthD.surplus答案：C10.A.ambiguousB.obscureC.clearD.indistinct答案：C二、句子结构改错题（共10题，每题3分）说明：下列句子中存在语法或结构错误，请指出并改正。1.错误句：Thecompanyhasbeenfacingfinancialdifficultiesforthepastfewyears,whichtheyareunabletosolve.改正：Thecompanyhasbeenfacingfinancialdifficultiesforthepastfewyears,buttheyareunabletosolvethem.解析：原句中"whichtheyareunabletosolve"与主句的逻辑关系不明确，应使用转折连词"but"以明确对比关系。2.错误句：Althoughtheresearchisstillinitsearlystages,ithasalreadyshownpromisingresultsforpotentialapplicationsinrenewableenergy.改正：Althoughtheresearchisstillinitsearlystages,ithasalreadyshownpromisingresultsthatcouldleadtopotentialapplicationsinrenewableenergy.解析：原句中"forpotentialapplications"的逻辑主语不明确，应补充"thatcouldleadto"以明确指代关系。3.错误句：Thenewpolicyaimstoreducecarbonemissions,butitmighthaveunintendedconsequencesonsmallbusinesses.改正：Thenewpolicyaimstoreducecarbonemissions,anditmighthaveunintendedconsequencesforsmallbusinesses.解析：原句中"onsmallbusinesses"的介词使用不当，应改为"forsmallbusinesses"以符合惯用表达。4.错误句：Despitethechallenges,theteamremainscommittedtoachievingtheirgoalsbytheendoftheyear.改正：Despitethechallenges,theteamremainscommittedtoachievingtheirgoalsbytheendoftheyear.解析：该句结构正确，无语法错误。5.错误句：Thestudyindicatesthatclimatechangeisaccelerating,andsealevelsarerisingatanalarmingrate.改正：Thestudyindicatesthatclimatechangeisaccelerating,andsealevelsarerisingatanalarmingrate.解析：该句结构正确，无语法错误。6.错误句：Althoughthetechnologyisadvanced,itrequiressignificantinvestmenttoimplementonalargescale.改正：Althoughthetechnologyisadvanced,itrequiressignificantinvestmenttoimplementonalargescale.解析：该句结构正确，无语法错误。7.错误句：Thereporthighlightstheneedforbetterinfrastructure,whichisessentialforeconomicgrowth.改正：Thereporthighlightstheneedforbetterinfrastructure,asitisessentialforeconomicgrowth.解析：原句中"which"引导的从句逻辑关系不明确，应改为"as"以明确因果关系。8.错误句：Theprojecthasfaceddelays,butitisstillexpectedtobecompletedontime.改正：Theprojecthasfaceddelays,yetitisstillexpectedtobecompletedontime.解析：原句中"but"的转折语气过于弱，应改为"yet"以增强对比效果。9.错误句：Thegovernmenthasintroducednewregulationstoaddresspollution,whichcanhelpimproveairquality.改正：Thegovernmenthasintroducednewregulationstoaddresspollution,whichcanhelpimproveairquality.解析：该句结构正确，无语法错误。10.错误句：Thecompany'sprofitshavedeclined,buttheyareplanningtoexpandtheiroperationsinAsia.改正：Thecompany'sprofitshavedeclined,yettheyareplanningtoexpandtheiroperationsinAsia.解析：原句中"but"的转折语气过于弱，应改为"yet"以增强对比效果。三、搭配结构题（共10题，每题2分）说明：下列每组动词与名词搭配中，有一项搭配不当，请选出该选项。1.A.exacerbate+problemB.mitigate+issueC.alleviate+challengeD.worsen+solution答案：D2.A.enhance+efficiencyB.improve+productivityC.boost+performanceD.reduce+capability答案：D3.A.address+concernB.tackle+issueC.resolve+matterD.ignore+problem答案：D4.A.mitigate+riskB.reduce+dangerC.minimize+threatD.amplify+solution答案：D5.A.exacerbate+situationB.worsen+conditionC.improve+scenarioD.mitigate+crisis答案：C6.A.enhance+collaborationB.boost+cooperationC.reduce+partnershipD.strengthen+alliance答案：C7.A.address+gapB.fill+voidC.bridge+disparityD.create+mismatch答案：D8.A.mitigate+impactB.reduce+effectC.minimize+consequenceD.amplify+outcome答案：D9.A.enhance+sustainabilityB.improve+environmentalprotectionC.reduce+pollutionD.worsen+conservation答案：D10.A.exacerbate+conflictB.worsen+disputeC.resolve+tensionD.intensify+harmony答案：D四、同义替换题（共10题，每题2分）说明：下列每组句子中，第二句与第一句意思相同，请选出正确的选项。1.A.Thestudyrevealsthatclimatechangeisaccelerating.B.Theresearchshowsthatglobalwarmingisgettingfaster.C.Theanalysisindicatesthatenvironmentalissuesareworsening.D.Theexperimentprovesthattemperaturerisesaremoresevere.答案：B2.A.Thepolicyaimstoreducecarbonemissions.B.Theregulationseekstodecreasegreenhousegasoutputs.C.Theinitiativeintendstolowerpollutionlevels.D.Theplantriestominimizeenvironmentaldamage.答案：B3.A.Thecompanyhasbeenfacingfinancialdifficulties.B.Thefirmisstrugglingwitheconomicchallenges.C.Theorganizationisencounteringmonetaryproblems.D.Theenterpriseisdealingwithfiscalcrises.答案：B4.A.Theresearchisstillinitsearlystages.B.Thestudyhasnotyetreachedfulldevelopment.C.Theinvestigationiscurrentlyinitspreliminaryphase.D.Theexperimenthasnotfullymatured.答案：C5.A.Theteamremainscommittedtoachievingtheirgoals.B.Thegroupisdeterminedtoaccomplishtheirtargets.C.Thesquadcontinuestofocusontheirobjectives.D.Theworkforceisresolvedtofulfilltheirplans.答案：B6.A.Thereporthighlightstheneedforbetterinfrastructure.B.Thedocumentemphasizestheimportanceofimprovedfacilities.C.Theanalysispointsoutthenecessityofenhancedstructures.D.Thesummarynotestherequirementforbetterfoundations.答案：B7.A.Thetechnologyrequiressignificantinvestment.B.Theinnovationdemandssubstantialfunding.C.Theadvancementneedsconsiderablecapital.D.Thedevelopmentinvolveslargefinancialresources.答案：B8.A.Theprojecthasfaceddelays.B.Theplanhasencounteredsetbacks.C.Theinitiativehasexperienceddelays.D.Theschemehasrunintoobstacles.答案：B9.A.Thegovernmenthasintroducednewregulations.B.Theadministrationhasimplementedfreshrules.C.Theauthorityhasenactednewpolicies.D.Theregimehasestablishednewguidelines.答案：B10.A.Thecompany'sprofitshavedeclined.B.Thefirm'searningshavedecreased.C.Theorganization'srevenuehasfallen.D.Theenterprise'sfinancialgainshavereduced.答案：B五、语法结构题（共10题，每题3分）说明：下列句子中存在语法或结构错误，请指出并改正。1.错误句：Despitethechallenges,theteamremainscommittedtoachievingtheirgoalsbytheendoftheyear.改正：Despitethechallenges,theteamremainscommittedtoachievingtheirgoalsbytheendoftheyear.解析：该句结构正确，无语法错误。2.错误句：Thenewpolicyaimstoreducecarbonemissions,butitmighthaveunintendedconsequencesonsmallbusinesses.改正：Thenewpolicyaimstoreducecarbonemissions,anditmighthaveunintendedconsequencesforsmallbusinesses.解析：原句中"onsmallbusinesses"的介词使用不当，应改为"forsmallbusinesses"以符合惯用表达。3.错误句：Thestudyindicatesthatclimatechangeisaccelerating,andsealevelsarerisingatanalarmingrate.改正：Thestudyindicatesthatclimatechangeisaccelerating,andsealevelsarerisingatanalarmingrate.解析：该句结构正确，无语法错误。4.错误句：Althoughthetechnologyisadvanced,itrequiressignificantinvestmenttoimplementonalargescale.改正：Althoughthetechnologyisadvanced,itrequiressignificantinvestmenttoimplementonalargescale.解析：该句结构正确，无语法错误。5.错误句：Thereporthighlightstheneedforbetterinfrastructure,whichisessentialforeconomicgrowth.改正：Thereporthighlightstheneedforbetterinfrastructure,asitisessentialforeconomicgrowth.解析：原句中"which"引导的从句逻辑关系不明确，应改为"as"以明确因果关系。6.错误句：Theprojecthasfaceddelays,butitisstillexpectedtobecompletedontime.改正：Theprojecthasfaceddelays,yetitisstillexpectedtobecompletedontime.解析：原句中"but"的转折语气过于弱，应改为"yet"以增强对比效果。7.错误句：Thegovernmenthasintroducednewregulationstoaddresspollution,whichcanhelpimproveairquality.改正：Thegovernmenthasintroducednewregulationstoaddresspollution,whichcanhelpimproveairquality.解析：该句结构正确，无语法错误。8.错误句：Thecompany'sprofitshavedeclined,buttheyareplanningtoexpandtheiroperationsinAsia.改正：Thecompany'sprofitshavedeclined,yettheyareplanningtoexpandtheiroperationsinAsia.解析：原句中"but"的转折语气过于弱，应改为"yet"以增强对比效果。9.错误句：Theresearchisstillinitsearlystages,ithasalreadyshownpromisingresultsforpotentialapplicationsinrenewableenergy.改正：Althoughtheresearchisstillinitsearlystages,ithasalreadyshownpromisingresultsforpotentialapplicationsinrenewableenergy.解析：原句中缺少连词以连接两个独立分句，应添加"Although"以明确转折关系。10.错误句：Theteamremainscommittedtoachievingtheirgoals,despitethechallenges.改正：Theteamremainscommittedtoachievingtheirgoalsdespitethechallenges.解析：原句中"despitethechallenges"的用法不当，应直接使用"despite"以符合惯用表达。答案与解析一、词汇辨析题1.C（clear与其他三项词义相反，意为“清晰的”）2.C（alleviate意为“减轻”，其他三项意为“加剧”）3.C（scarcity意为“稀缺”，其他三项意为“丰富”）4.C（permanent意为“永久的”，其他三项意为“短暂的”）5.C（alleviate意为“减轻”，其他三项意为“加剧”）6.C（essential意为“必要的”，其他三项意为“多余的”）7.C（permanent意为“永久的”，其他三项意为“短暂的”）8.C（alleviate意为“减轻”，其他三项意为“加剧”）9.C（dearth意为“缺乏”，其他三项意为“丰富”）10.C（clear意为“清晰的”，其他三项意为“模糊的”）二、句子结构改错题1.改正：Thecompanyhasbeenfacingfinancialdifficultiesforthepastfewyears,buttheyareunabletosolvethem.解析：原句中"whichtheyareunabletosolve"与主句的逻辑关系不明确，应使用转折连词"but"以明确对比关系。2.改正：Althoughtheresearchisstillinitsearlystages,ithasalreadyshownpromisingresultsthatcouldleadtopotentialapplicationsinrenewableenergy.解析：原句中"forpotentialapplications"的逻辑主语不明确，应补充"thatcouldleadto"以明确指代关系。3.改正：Thenewpolicyaimstoreducecarbonemissions,anditmighthaveunintendedconsequencesforsmallbusinesses.解析：原句中"onsmallbusinesses"的介词使用不当，应改为"forsmallbusinesses"以符合惯用表达。4.该句结构正确，无语法错误。5.该句结构正确，无语法错误。6.该句结构正确，无语法错误。7.改正：Thestudyhighlightstheneedforbetterinfrastructure,asitisessentialforeconomicgrowth.解析：原句中"which"引导的从句逻辑关系不明确，应改为"as"以明确因果关系。8.改正：Theprojecthasfaceddelays,yetitisstillexpectedtobecompletedontime.解析：原句中"but"的转折语气过于弱，应改为"yet"以增强对比效果。9.该句结构正确，无语法错误。10.改正：Thecompany'sprofitshavedeclined,yettheyareplanningtoexpandtheiroperationsinAsia.解析：原句中"but"的转折语气过于弱，应改为"yet"以增强对比效果。三、搭配结构题1.D（reduce+capability搭配不当，应为“enhance”或“improve”）2.D（reduce+capability搭配不当，应为“enhance”或“improve”）3.D（ignore+problem搭配不当，应为“address”或“tackle”）4.D（amplify+solution搭配不当，应为“mitigate”或“reduce”）5.C（improve+scenario搭配不当，应为“exacerbate”或“worsen”）6.C（reduce+partnership搭配不当，应为“enhance”或“boost”）7.D（create+mismatch搭配不当，应为“bridge”或“fill”）8.D（amplify+outcome搭配不当，应为“mitigate”或“reduce”）9.D（worsen+conservation搭配不当，应为“enhance”或“improve”）10.D（intensify+harmony搭配不当，应为“exacerbate”或“worsen”）四、同义替换题1.B（globalwarmingisgettingfaster与“climatechangeisaccelerating”意思相同）2.B（decreasegreenhousegasoutputs与“reducecarbonemissions”意思相同）3.B（strugglingwitheconomicchallenges与“facingfinancialdifficulties”意思相同）4.C（preliminaryphase与“earlystages”意思相同）5.B（determinedtoaccomplishtheir