2021-2022学年新教材高中英语Unit1ScienceFictionSectionⅠReadingListeningandThinking课时作业含解析新人教版选择性必修第四册

PAGE1-UUnit1ScienceFiction课SectionⅠReading,ListeningandThinkingⅠ.阅读理解AInthefuture,whenrobotscanbeusedbothinhomesandinotherareas,theycouldimprovethelivingstandardsofpeople.Manypeopleburntheirenergyontheirday­to­daytaskslikecooking,cleaningafterwork,etc.Whenrobotscancompletesuchjobs，peoplecanspendmoretimewiththeirfamilyandfriends.Expertssaythatmanymajorproblemsinthemodernworldarecausedbymiscommunication.Whenpeoplehavemoretime,theycantalkfreelytosolvesuchissuesandeventuallycreateahappysociety.Robotscanbeusedoncertainjobstoavoidaccidentscausedbycarelessbehaviourofsomepeople.Whenrobotsareusedonsuchwork,itdoesnotriskanyhumanlifeduetoaccidentsattheworkplace.Humanresourcescanbeefficientlyusedbyperformingtaskswhichdemandhumanskillslikecriticalthinkingandproblem­solving.Robotscanbeusedonlow­endjobslikemovingheavythingsandheavyweightlifting.Whilesomepeopletalkabouthowusefulrobotscanbetohumans,othersvoicetheirconcernsaboutreductioninhumanvalueandthecreationofalazysocietyduetoheavydependencyonrobots.Whenrobotsbecomecheapertoproduce,employersmayprefertousemorerobotsthanhumans.Asthetechnologyconstantlyimprovestheabilitiesofrobots，itcouldweakenthevalueofhumans.Manypeoplemayrelyonrobotsheavily.Somemayevendevelopthehabitofusingrobotsontasksthattheycaneasilydo.Thiscouldcreatealazysociety.Asanagingsociety,Japanseesitasamusttobuildrobotsthattakecareofelderlypeopleintheirhomes,becausewithoutthem,thenation'shealthcaresystemcan'tcope.Therewillsimplybetoomanyelderlypeopletocareforasthenationfacesadecreasingbirthrate,anagingpopulation,andthelooseningoffamilyties.However,manyofJapan'selderlypeoplewouldpreferhumanhelpersratherthanrobots.Aboveall，Japanwants,ifnot“needs”，itsdreamsofrobotsinthehometocometruebecauseitsimmigration(移民)policyisanti­immigration.Inconclusion,robotscanbeusedonanythingthatcaneventuallyimprovehumans'livingstandardsbutwecan'tdependonthemtoomuch.Robotscanbeusedtohelphumansliveinharmonyandformahappysociety.1．Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whenrobotscanbeusedinhomes,________.A．people'slivingstandardswillbeimprovedB．therewouldbemoremisunderstandingsbetweenhumansC．peoplewillspendmoretimeontheirworkD．peoplemaycommunicatemorewithrobotsthanhumanbeings2．Comparedwithhumans,robotsarebetterat________.A．problem­solvingB．communicatingwithothersC．workingsafelyD．criticalthinking3．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．Japanwilltrytodeveloprobotstobeusedinthehome.B．Therobotsarewellreceivedbyelderlypeople.C．TheJapanesegovernmentencouragesforeignerstomovetoJapan.D．MostJapanesecitizensareagainstrobotsinthehome.4．Whichstatementistheauthor'sopiniononrobots?A．Robotsbringusmoreproblemsthanbenefits.B．Thefutureofrobotsisworrying.C．Robotscanhelpusalotbutweneedtousethemproperly.D．Weshouldlimitthedevelopmentofrobotictechnology.BAteamofengineersatHarvardUniversitycreatedthefirstroboticfly.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofitscomponentsisofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown，”saidRobertWood,aHarvardengineeringprofessor.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshaslotsofinterdependence(互相依赖)oftheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit'sconnectedto，”saidWood.Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off­boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt­inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata­gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers'fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround，”hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect­scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead，”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonaday­to­daybasis.”5．Whatisthetypicalcharacteristicoftheroboticfly?A．It'sautomatic.B．It'sverysmall.C．It'scontrollable.D．It'squitepowerful.6．Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheroboticflycan________.A．actasaspyplaneB．helpdofarmworkC．flyataveryhighspeedD．answermanyscientificquestions7．WhatisWood'sideaabouttheroboticflyaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Itishighlyquestionable.B．Ithaswidepracticalapplications.C．Itgivesscientistsinterestinflyingmachines.D．Itpointstoanewdirectioninstudyingbiology.8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Harvard'sStudyintheFieldofInsectsB．ABreakthroughinEngineeringScienceC．AnInterestingInvention—RoboticFlyD．RoboticFly—aCopyoftheRealLifeInsectⅡ.完形填空IwasfourteenyearsoldandthoughtIhadalreadyknownalltheimportantthingsinlife.Irememberbeingmorethanalittle__1__atthehomeworkmygeographyteacher,Mr.Ream,hadgiventheclass.Wehadto__2__tosomeoneweknewwhohadbeeninawarasasoldierandwriteabouttheirexperiences.I__3__itwastotallymeaningless.Whatdidthathavetodowithlife?Iwantedtoknow.Istillhadanunpleasantattitudetowardit__4__Iputmynotebookdownonthetableinfrontofmystepfather.I__5__thathe'dbeeninthewar,soIdecidedtomakeit__6__formyselfandnottolookanyfurtherfromhomeformy__7__.HeaskedmewhatI__8__，andIsaidIhadtointerviewhimabouthisexperiencesinthewarforaclass.I'msurehisbodymusthavestiffened(变僵硬),butatthattimeIwastooblindtonoticeit.Heaskedmetositdownandthenwegot__9__.I'llneverforgethisresponsetothefirstquestionI__10__asked,“Haveyoueverkilledanyone？”Hisanswerof“yes”wasthe__11__thatmademebegintotakethetalkseriously.Istill__12__hiseyeswhenhetoldmethehorrorofwhathe'd__13__andwhathe'ddoneduringthewar.Ihadneverexpectedthatkindofhonestyfromanyone,butIknowthat's__14__whathegaveme.Thethingshetoldmetaughtmealot.TheyalsoshowedmeIhadalotlefttolearninthislife.Igainednewloveand__15__forthismanwhoisnowmyfather.1．A.annoyedB．interestedC．frightenedD．tired2．A.stickB．talkC．contributeD．write3．A.forgotB．agreedC．thoughtD．realized4．A.asB．ifC．unlessD．since5．A.imaginedB．guessedC．believedD．knew6．A.clearB．easyC．normalD．common7．A.interviewB．experimentC．presentationD．operation8．A.designedB．preparedC．neededD．collected9．A.startedB．concludedC．bannedD．changed10．A.officiallyB．carelesslyC．unluckilyD．probably11．A.delightB．shockC．honorD．confusion12．A.describedB．copiedC．waitedD．remembered13．A.arrangedB．expectedC．witnessedD．created14．A.usuallyB．exactlyC．rapidlyD．gradually15．A.pityB．fearC．satisfactionD．respect

课时作业(一)Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文介绍了机器人未来的发展，以及机器人的广泛应用可能导致的社会问题。1．答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Inthefuture,whenrobotscanbeusedbothinhomesandinotherareas,theycouldimprovethelivingstandardsofpeople.”可知，未来机器人的发展可能会提高人们的生活水平。2．答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Whenrobotsareusedonsuchwork,itdoesnotriskanyhumanlifeduetoaccidentsattheworkplace.”可知，与人类相比，使用机器人工作会更安全。3．答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Asanagingsociety,Japanseesitasamusttobuildrobotsthattakecareofelderlypeopleintheirhomes...”可知，日本将会努力制造能在家里照顾老人的机器人。4．答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为我们不能太依赖机器人，而是应该适当使用机器人来建立和谐社会。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，可望在未来执行搜救、农田勘探等领域的数据收集任务。5．答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，这种飞行器的设计初衷是为了能做苍蝇做的事，它的尺寸和肥胖的家蝇一样大，微小的翅膀可以让它停在空中执行受控的飞行任务。据此可知，该飞行器的典型特点是尺寸小。故B项正确。6．答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“sothatitmightsomedayperformdata­gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers'fieldsoronthebattlefield(因此，某一天这种飞行器可能用于搜救点、农田、战场信息的收集)”可推知，该飞行器可以用作间谍飞机。故A项正确。7．答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“Yet,thepower...couldhavemuchbroaderapplications.”并结合Wood所说的话可知，Wood认为这种飞行器使用范围很广泛。故B项正确。8．答案与解析：D主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段第一、二句；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的工程师团队研制的一款机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，可望在未来执行搜救、农田勘探等领域的数据收集任务。故D项最适合作本文标题。Ⅱ.完形填空【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。因为一次恼人的作业，作者与当过兵、参加过战争的继父有了一次对话，继父表现得很坦诚，承认自己在战争中杀过人，告诉作者他在战争中的所见所为。继父所说的让作者学到了很多，也意识到自己在生活中有很多东西要学，并对这个现在是他父亲的男人产生了新的爱和尊重。1．答案与解析：A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我记得我对地理老师里姆先生布置给全班学生的家庭作业感到非常恼火。由下文可知作者觉得这个作业毫无意义，因此对这次作业，作者是感到很恼火的，故选A。2．答案与解析：B考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须和我们认识的曾经作为士兵参加过战争的人谈谈，并写关于他们的经历。根据后文“mademebegintotakethetalkseriously”提示可知，老师要求作者他们要和这些人交谈，故选B。3．答案与解析：C考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为这完全没有意义。根据“itwastotallymeaningless”可知，作者认为这个作业完全没有意义，故选C。4．答案与解析：A考查连词词义辨析。句意：当我把笔记本放在继父面前的桌子上时，我仍然对这件事抱着一种不愉快的态度。根据前后两句意思可知，此处表示“当……时候”，故选A。5．答案与解析：D考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道他参加过战争，所以我决定让自己轻松一点，不去离家太远的地方采访。根据“putmynotebookdownonthetableinfrontofmystepfather”可知，作者知道继父参加过战争才会决定采访继父，故选D。6．答案与解析：B考查形容词词义辨析。根据