2025~2026学年福建省福州市长乐第二中学高二上学期第二次月考英语试卷

2025~2026学年福建省福州市长乐第二中学高二上学期第二次月考英语试卷一、阅读理解SharedmobilityCarsharing,bikesharingandthelikearegoodfortheenvironment,thoughaccesstothemisn’tequal.Alotcanbedonetogiveeveryonemoretransportationoptions.Whyisiteasytomaintainsharedmobility?WalkaroundmostlargecitiesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates,andyou’dbeforgivenforthinkingthatwe’relivinginabravenewworldofaffordableandeffortlessmobilityforall,withthesmartphoneinyourpocketanaccesstoagreatnumberofsharedbikesandelectriccars,andarideservicenevermorethanfiveminutesaway.Whoaretheseservicesmoreeasilyaccessibleto?Ifyou’redisabledorelderly,wholivesinalow-incomeareaorwithoutasmartphoneorcreditcard,usingthesesharedmobilityservicesbecomesalotmoredifficult.Theytendtobemoreaccessibleinmanyurbanareas,andareofteninaccessibletopeoplewithreducedmobilityorthosetravelingwithyoungchildren.Becauseofthesefactors,usersareunequallyyounger,wealthier,able-bodied,andmale.Whatarethepotentialbenefits?On-demandsharedmobilitythatfeedsintowell-developedpublictransportationsystemscouldcuttransportationemissions(排放物)by50percent—butonlyifitlargelyreplacesprivatecaruse.Whatoptionsmeetyourneedstoday?Howcansharedmobilitybespread?Achievingthatgoalwillbechallenging,especiallyindevelopedcountries,wherepeoplechooseprivatecarsfor61percentofthekilometerstheytravel.Tomovemorepeopleawayfromprivatevehiclestosharedones,broadeningopportunitiestoreachalargerpopulationisanimportantfirststep.1.Whofindsithardesttousesharedmobility?

A．Amanwithasmartphone.B．Aseniorwithoutcreditcards.C．Awell-offworkerinacity.D．Aregularbus-takingstudent.2.Whichserviceallowspeopletooperatethevehiclethemselves?

A．MICROMOBILITY.B．MICROTRANSIT.C．RIDEPOOLING.D．RIDESOURCING.3.Whatshouldbedonefirsttopromotesharedmobility?

A．Lowersmartphonecosts.B．Increasevarietiesofvehicles.C．Limitingprivatecarsales.D．Expandaccessibilitytousers.Bornonherfamily’sfarminRay,NorthDakota,MaryShermanMorganhadbeenhelpingherfatherwithfarmworkbeforeshecouldattendthesmall-townschoolhouse.Beingafewyearsbehinddidn’tholdherbackandshegraduatedfromhighschoolwithhonors.Awareofherintelligence,sheranawayfromRaytoattendMinotStateUniversityasachemistrymajor,whereherskillwasevident.TheoutbreakofWorldWarIIledtoanationalshortageofchemistsandscientists.Inspiteofthefactthatshewasstillastudentandawoman,shewasofferedajobasachemicalanalystduetohertalents,producingexplosives(爆炸物)forthewartimeeffort.SheputherdegreeonholdandmovedtoOhio,takingonthedangerousjobofanalyzingunstablechemicalstoproduceweapons.Afterthewarendedtherewasafallindemandforexplosives,soshemadeamovetothefieldofaeronautics,movingtoCaliforniatoworkforNAA(NorthAmericanAviation).Theonlywomanoutof900engineers,shewassoonpromotedtoarolewhichinvolvedcalculatingtheperformanceofrocketpropellants(推进剂)anddesigningspecialfuelstoworkwithdifferentengines.However,neverhavingreturnedtocompleteherdegree,shewasnotaffordedtherankorhigherpayofanengineer,eventhoughshehadalltheskillsandknowledgeofone.HerexperiencewithpropellantsmeantthatwhenNAAwastaskedtofindafuelcapableofliftingtheredesignedRedstonemissilesintospace,Morganwasappointedtechnicalleadontheproject.Nationalpridewasontheline,soMorgansetaboutinvestigatingfuels.Aftercountlesstrials,shefinallydesignedherownmixture,whichwasnamedHydyne.HydynetestedwellwiththeRedstonemissilesandsubsequentlyotheraircraft(飞行器),suchasJupiter-Crockets,provingtobeaquicksolutiontogettingtospacewithoutatotalrocketredesign.ThefuelmadethefirstsuccessfulUSsatellitelaunchpossible,evenifMorgansilentlyslippedawayfromhersuccess,retiringtofocusonherfamilyandleavingherchemistrycareerbehind.4.WhatdoweknowaboutMary?

A．Sheattendedschoolwhilehelpingwithfarmwork.B．Shewasofferedajobasachemistryanalystaftergraduation.C．Shechangedherworkingfocusbecausehercountry’sdemandchanged.D．ShelaunchedthefirstUSsatellitebeforeretiringfromhercareer.5.WhatwasMarydoingafterthewarended?

A．Analyzingchemicals.B．Producingexplosives.C．Mixingandsavingfuels.D．Designingandbuildingaircraft.6.WhatmadeMarythetechnicalleadontheprojectofNAA?

A．Herspecialknowledgeinfuels.B．Herrankasanengineer.C．HerdiscoveryofHydyne.D．Hersenseofnationalpride7.WhichofthefollowingwordscandescribeMaryShermanMorgan?

A．Caringanddetermined.B．Intelligentandskillful.C．Courageousbutsensitive.D．Accomplishedbutproud.Anoveldesignapproachtogardeninghasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.Plannerscreatedplantingmixesthatcouldbeusedmodularly(模块化).Inamatrixgarden,plantswithsimilarculturalneedsaregroupedsothattheywillgrowtogetheraboveandbelowground,formingacooperativeecosystemthatconserveswateranddiscouragesweeds.DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstotheplantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfour-seasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.Beautifulyear-round,theyinviteyoutoenjoythesmallestdetail,fromthesoundofgrassesinthegentlewindtothesculptureofodd-lookingseedheads.Ittakesalotofthoughttolookthisnatural.Whilematrixgardensappearwild,theyarecarefullyplanned,withculturalneedsthefirstconsideration.Ledbytheconceptof“rightplant,rightplace,”theymatchplantsthatenjoythesamesoil,sunandweatherconditions,andarrangethemaccordingtotheirpatternsofgrowth.Thebenefitsaresubstantialforbothgardenerandplanet.Withhumaninputsdramaticallyreduced,thegarden’secologycandevelopwell.Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducestormwaterrunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Eschewing”inthefirstparagraphmean?

A．Runningoutof.B．Keepingawayfrom.C．Puttingupwith.D．Takingadvantageof.9.Whywastheideaofmatrixplantingintroduced?

A．Tocontrolweedsinlargegardens.B．Tobringinforeignspeciesofplants.C．Toconservesoilandwaterresources.D．Todeveloplow-maintenanceparkland.10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPietOudolf’sgardens?

A．Traditional.B．Odd-looking.C．Tasteful.D．Well-protected.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．ThefutureofgardeningisWILD.B．NaturetreatsalllivesasEQUALS.C．MatrixgardensneedmoreCARE.D．OldgardenplotsworkWONDERS.Amajorreasonwhyplasticbagsandyogurtcontainersaren’trecycledisthatit’smuchmorefrugaltomaketheseproductsfromthegroundupthantorecoverthem.AnewrecyclingtechniquereportedinthejournalSciencepromisesacost-effectivewaytotransformthesecommonplasticwasteitemsintohigh-qualityliquidfuels.Whatmakesplasticsuseful,namelytheirstrengthandresistancetohightemperatures,becomesanannoyancewhenitcomestorecyclingthematerials.Thestrongcarbon-carbonbondsintheseplasticsrequireveryhightemperaturestobreak,makingtheprocessenergy-consuming.Oncethebondsbreak,thesmallermolecules(分子)thatarecreatedquicklyformnewbonds,givingunwantedchemicals.Thesebyproductsthenhavetobebrokendownagainaddingtimeandcomplexity.Researchersdevelopedawaytoturntheseplasticsintousefulfuelsattemperaturesbelow100℃,withoutcreatinganysideproducts.Theyconductthechemicalreactioninthepresenceofanewtypeofcatalyst(催化剂)inaspecialacidicsolution.Inthesereactionconditions,assoonasthecarbonbondsintheplasticbreakapart,newbondsforminacontrolledway,givingoffthechemicalscalledalkanes.Thealkanescanbeusedeitherasafuelorasrawmaterialfornewplastics.Theentirereactiontakesplaceinasinglereactioncontainer.Ittakesonlythreehoursandoccursat70℃.Bycomparison,existingrecyclingtechniquestypicallyrequiretwostages,takemuchlongerandneedtemperaturesofover200℃.Thecatalystthattheresearchersuseisalreadyusedbysomefactories.Butitwilltakemoreresearchtoknowwhetherthetechniquecanbetranslatedtomoreoccasions.Ifso,suchaone-step,low-costmethodtoturnsingle-useplasticsintochemicals,fuelsandhigh-valuematerialscouldgoalongwayinmakingtheplasticeconomysustainable.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“frugal”meaninparagraph1?

A．Typical.B．Reliable.C．Reasonable.D．Economical.13.Whatcanweknowaboutplasticsfromparagraph2?

A．Theystretcheasilyandquickly.B．Theyfailtoresistheatperfectly.C．Theyarestableinchemicalproperties.D．Theyareproductiveinpoisonousgases14.Whatdoesthenewwayofrecyclingplasticsfeature?

A．Keepingnewbondsfromforming.B．Regulatingacidityofthesolution.C．Stressingcleanlinessandspeed.D．Extendingfunctionsofplastics.15.Whatisresearchers’attitudetowardthetechnique’swideapplication?

A．Critical.B．Mindful.C．Hopeless.D．Optimistic.LearningtoLoveLocally-GrownFoodsCookingshowsonTVareusuallyallaboutforeignfoods.Thankstoglobalization,peopleeverywhereareintroducingtheirtastebudstodishesfromeverycorneroftheworld.16Inthepastfewyears,thenumberofpeoplepurchasinglocalfoodshasbeenrisingbecauseitoffersalotofbenefits.Forstarters,localfoodisoftentastierbecauseitisfresher.Importedgoodsmustbeflownorshippedinfromfaraway,sotheynaturallylosesomeoftheirfreshnessduringthejourney.17Thesematerialsmaycausethenutritionalvalueofthesegoodstodeclineduringtheshippingprocess.Foodsafetyisanotherreasonwhypeoplearechoosinglocalproduce.Today’slawsregardingfoodsvaryfromcountrytocountry.18Butwhenyouknowthelocalfarmerwhogrowsyourfood,thechancesofitbeingpollutedaregreatlyreduced.Buyinglocalfoodscanalsohaveabeneficialimpactontheenvironment.Buyinglocal,consumerscanmaintaingreenspaceandfarmlandintheircommunities.Besides,iffarmerscanselldirectlytoconsumers,theywillearnmoremoneyfortheirfamilies.Additionalprofitsalsoenablefarmerstobettercarefortheirsoilandkeepqualitystandardshigh.1920Thisisanopenareawherefarmerssellfruits,vegetables,andmeatdirectlytothepublic.Onceyouexperiencethefreshnessoflocalfoodsforyourself,itmightbetoughtogobacktothesupermarket.

A．Intheend,it’sawin-winsituation.B．However,somedisagreewiththeidea.C．Toconclude,thefarmerscanmakemoremoney.D．Importedgoodsmustalsobepackagedinplasticorothercontainers.E．Thismakesitdifficulttodetectifanyharmfulchemicalshavebeenused.F．Atthesametime,otherpeoplearediscoveringfoodfromtheirareaisthebest.G．Ifyou’reinterestedinhavingmorelocalfoods,youcanevenattendafarmers’market.二、完形填空Sweettreatsarebelovedbymanypeople,yetexcessivesugarintakeposeshealthrisks.Thisiswhyartificialsweetenershavebecomecommonadditives(添加剂)innumerous________foodlikecookiesandsodathatcontainsugarsubstitutes.Thefirstartificialsweetenerwasdiscovered________.Inthe1870s,scientistConstantinFahlbergwas________toanexperiment.Whenachemicalcontainer________,hewipedtheliquid,assumingtheharmlesssubstancehadonlysplashedonhis________.Inhishurrytocontinuehiswork,Fahlberg________washinghishandsthoroughly.Later,hewenthometodine,withchemicaltracesstill________onhisdirtyhands.________,thebreadtouchedhistongue,andasurprisinglyintensesweettastefilledhismouth.Butwhichsubstance?Herushedbacktothelab,tastingeverythingin________andhedeterminedto________thesourceofit.Eventually,he________thespilledcompoundasintenselysweet—farsweeterthansugar.He________itsaccharin(糖精),thefirstartificialsweetener.Dirtyhandsleadingtoadeliciousinnovation?It’sanaccidental________,butitcarriesavaluablelesson:weallmakemistakes,andthat’snot________.Mistakesoften________usdownnewways.Soifyoudon’tsucceedonyourfirsttry,don’thesitatetokeeptrying.21.A．processedB．freshC．rawD．green22.A．bymistakeB．onpurposeC．bychanceD．onearth23.A．focusedB．engagedC．absorbedD．devoted24.A．ranoverB．tookoverC．tippedoverD．controlledover25.A．feetB．fingersC．armsD．skin26.A．thoughtB．imaginedC．skippedD．desired27.A．lingeringB．losingC．insistingD．wondering28.A．RemarkablyB．InstantlyC．CarelesslyD．Happily29.A．rangeB．lookC．sightD．place30.A．gothroughB．watchoverC．takeonD．lookinto31.A．touchedB．feltC．smelledD．identified32.A．calledB．thoughtC．titledD．labeled33.A．routineB．taleC．jokeD．habit34.A．goodB．trueC．wrongD．bad35.A．achieveB．guideC．acknowledgeD．obtain三、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived36,throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson37couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson38huntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And，asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood39(need).Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology40(change)lives.Byabout6000BC，people41(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe42(season)，plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,43(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then，with44riseofscience,changesbegan.Newmethods45(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.Inthelastcenturyorso,thesechangeshaveaccelerated.Newpowermachineryandartificialfertilizers(化肥)havenowtotallytransformedawayoflifethatstartedintheStoneAge.四、选词填空阅读下面短文，用方框内所给词的正确形式填空。

infectsubscribediseasecontradictdetermineinterveneblamesuspectsubstancehouseholdCholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeared46intheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwo47theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyan48fromgermsinfoodorwater.Snow49tothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.However,some