2026年金融专业英语词汇测试与翻译练习

2026年金融专业英语词汇测试与翻译练习一、选择题（共10题，每题2分，合计20分）1.Thecompany's[C]strategyforinternationalexpansioninvolvesacquiringlocalfirmsinemergingmarkets.A.aggressiveB.conservativeC.diversifiedD.reactive2.The[A]ratedeterminedbytheFederalReserveinfluencesborrowingcostsacrosstheeconomy.A.federalfundsB.primeC.LIBORD.treasury3.A[B]isafinancialinstrumentthatgivestheholdertheright,butnottheobligation,tobuyorsellanassetatapredeterminedprice.A.futurescontractB.optionC.warrantD.swap4.The[D]marketiswheregovernmentsissuedebtsecuritiestofundpublicexpenditures.A.equityB.foreignexchangeC.derivativesD.bond5.The[C]ratiomeasuresacompany'sabilitytomeetshort-termobligationswithitscurrentassets.A.debt-to-equityB.price-to-earningsC.currentD.returnonequity6.A[A]isamutualfundthatinvestsinadiversifiedportfolioofstocksandbondstominimizerisk.A.balancedfundB.growthfundC.indexfundD.sectorfund7.The[B]isaglobalbenchmarkindexthattrackstheperformanceof50largecompanieslistedontheLondonStockExchange.A.DowJonesIndustrialAverageB.FTSE100C.S&P500D.Nikkei2258.A[C]isaderivativecontractwheretwopartiesagreetoexchangecashflowsbasedontheperformanceofanunderlyingasset.A.futurescontractB.forwardcontractC.swapD.option9.The[A]isasystemofinternationaltraderulesagreeduponbymembercountriestoreducetariffsandothertradebarriers.A.WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)B.NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA)C.EuropeanUnion(EU)D.AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)10.A[D]isafinancialstatementthatshowsacompany'sfinancialpositionataspecificpointintime.A.incomestatementB.cashflowstatementC.statementofretainedearningsD.balancesheet二、填空题（共10题，每题2分，合计20分）1.The[interest]ratesetbythecentralbankdirectlyaffectsthecostofborrowingintheeconomy.2.A[bond]isadebtinstrumentwheretheissuerpromisestopaytheholderperiodicinterestandtheprincipalatmaturity.3.The[derivative]marketincludesfinancialinstrumentslikefutures,options,andswaps.4.The[balancesheet]providesasnapshotofacompany'sassets,liabilities,andshareholders'equity.5.A[currentratio]isaliquiditymeasurethatevaluatesacompany'sabilitytomeetshort-termobligations.6.The[FTSE100]isamajorstockmarketindexintheUnitedKingdom.7.A[mutualfund]poolsmoneyfrommultipleinvestorstoinvestinadiversifiedportfolioofsecurities.8.The[WTO]facilitatesinternationaltradebyestablishingrulesandresolvingtradedisputes.9.An[option]givestheholdertheright,butnottheobligation,tobuyorsellanunderlyingassetatafixedprice.10.The[debt-to-equityratio]measuresacompany'sfinancialleveragebycomparingitstotaldebttoshareholders'equity.三、翻译题（共5题，每题4分，合计20分）1.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Thecentralbank'smonetarypolicyaimstocontrolinflationandstabilizetheeconomy."2.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish:"公司通过发行股票筹集资金，以扩大其业务规模。"3.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Thederivativesmarketprovidesinvestorswithtoolstohedgeriskandspeculateonpricemovements."4.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish:"该银行提供的mortgageloanhasafixedinterestrateforthefirstfiveyears."5.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Thebalancesheetshowsthatthecompanyhassignificantliquidityduetoitslargecashreserves."四、简答题（共5题，每题4分，合计20分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweena[bond]anda[stock].2.Whatistheroleofthe[WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)]ininternationaltrade?3.Describethefunctionofa[mutualfund]inthefinancialmarket.4.Whatisthesignificanceofthe[currentratio]foracompany'sfinancialhealth?5.Howdoesthe[interestrate]setbythecentralbankimpacttheeconomy?答案与解析一、选择题答案与解析1.C.diversified-解析：Diversifiedstrategy（多元化战略）是指公司通过在不同市场或行业进行投资来降低风险，符合题意。Aggressive（激进）、conservative（保守）、reactive（反应式）均与题意不符。2.A.federalfunds-解析：Federalfundsrate（联邦基金利率）是美联储设定的短期利率，直接影响银行间借贷成本，符合题意。Primerate（基准利率）、LIBOR（伦敦银行同业拆借利率）、treasuryrate（国债利率）均与题意不符。3.B.option-解析：Option（期权）赋予持有人买入或卖出资产的权利而非义务，符合题意。Futurescontract（期货合约）、warrant（认股权证）、swap（互换）均与题意不符。4.D.bond-解析：Bondmarket（债券市场）是政府发行债券融资的市场，符合题意。Equitymarket（股票市场）、foreignexchangemarket（外汇市场）、derivativesmarket（衍生品市场）均与题意不符。5.C.current-解析：Currentratio（流动比率）衡量公司短期偿债能力，符合题意。Debt-to-equityratio（资产负债率）、price-to-earningsratio（市盈率）、returnonequity（净资产收益率）均与题意不符。6.A.balancedfund-解析：Balancedfund（平衡型基金）投资于股票和债券的组合，旨在平衡风险与回报，符合题意。Growthfund（成长型基金）、indexfund（指数基金）、sectorfund（行业基金）均与题意不符。7.B.FTSE100-解析：FTSE100（富时100指数）是英国主要股票市场指数，符合题意。DowJonesIndustrialAverage（道琼斯工业平均指数）、S&P500（标普500指数）、Nikkei225（日经225指数）均与题意不符。8.C.swap-解析：Swap（互换）是双方交换现金流的衍生品合约，符合题意。Futurescontract（期货合约）、forwardcontract（远期合约）、option（期权）均与题意不符。9.A.WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)-解析：WTO（世界贸易组织）致力于降低全球贸易壁垒，符合题意。NAFTA（北美自由贸易协定）、EU（欧盟）、ASEAN（东盟）均与题意不符。10.D.balancesheet-解析：Balancesheet（资产负债表）反映公司在特定时间点的财务状况，符合题意。Incomestatement（利润表）、cashflowstatement（现金流量表）、statementofretainedearnings（留存收益表）均与题意不符。二、填空题答案与解析1.interest-解析：Interestrate（利率）是中央银行设定的关键货币政策工具，影响借贷成本，符合题意。2.bond-解析：Bond（债券）是政府或公司发行的债务工具，承诺支付利息和本金，符合题意。3.derivative-解析：Derivative（衍生品）是基于标的资产价格变动的金融工具，如期货、期权等，符合题意。4.balancesheet-解析：Balancesheet（资产负债表）显示公司资产、负债和股东权益，符合题意。5.currentratio-解析：Currentratio（流动比率）衡量公司短期偿债能力，符合题意。6.FTSE100-解析：FTSE100（富时100指数）是英国主要股票市场指数，符合题意。7.mutualfund-解析：Mutualfund（共同基金）汇集投资者资金进行多元化投资，符合题意。8.WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)-解析：WTO（世界贸易组织）制定国际贸易规则，符合题意。9.option-解析：Option（期权）赋予持有人买卖标的资产的权利，符合题意。10.debt-to-equityratio-解析：Debt-to-equityratio（资产负债率）衡量公司财务杠杆，符合题意。三、翻译题答案与解析1.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Thecentralbank'smonetarypolicyaimstocontrolinflationandstabilizetheeconomy."-答案：央行的货币政策旨在控制通货膨胀并稳定经济。-解析：Monetarypolicy（货币政策）是中央银行调控经济的主要手段，符合金融术语。2.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish:"公司通过发行股票筹集资金，以扩大其业务规模。"-答案：Thecompanyraisesfundsbyissuingstockstoexpanditsbusinessscale.-解析：Stock（股票）是公司筹集资金的主要方式，符合金融术语。3.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Thederivativesmarketprovidesinvestorswithtoolstohedgeriskandspeculateonpricemovements."-答案：衍生品市场为投资者提供了对冲风险和投机价格波动的工具。-解析：Derivativesmarket（衍生品市场）是金融衍生品交易的市场，符合金融术语。4.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish:"该银行提供的mortgageloanhasafixedinterestrateforthefirstfiveyears."-答案：Thebank'smortgageloanhasafixedinterestrateforthefirstfiveyears.-解析：Mortgage（抵押贷款）是购房贷款，符合金融术语。5.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese:"Thebalancesheetshowsthatthecompanyhassignificantliquidityduetoitslargecashreserves."-答案：资产负债表显示，由于公司拥有大量现金储备，其流动性显著。-解析：Balancesheet（资产负债表）反映公司财务状况，符合金融术语。四、简答题答案与解析1.Explainthedifferencebetweena[bond]anda[stock].-答案：-Bond（债券）：是债务工具，发行方承诺