七年级英语下册知识点闪记

七年级英语下册知识点闪记同学们，七年级下册的英语学习，就像为你们打开了一扇通往更广阔世界的小窗。词汇量在增加，语法点也更具挑战性。这份“闪记”希望能像一把小巧的钥匙，帮助你们快速回顾和巩固本学期的核心知识点，让学习更高效，记忆更轻松。核心词汇篇词汇是语言的基石，每天积累一点点，积少成多，聚沙成塔。*家庭成员与人际关系：熟练掌握father,mother,brother,sister,grandfather,grandmother,uncle,aunt,cousin等，并能描述他们的职业和特征（如tall,short,kind,young,old）。*学校生活与学习用品：牢记classroom,teacher,student,book,pen,pencil,ruler,bag,desk,chair,schoolbag,notebook,dictionary等，并能谈论学校科目（Chinese,Math,English,History,Geography,P.E.,Music,Art）和喜欢的科目（favoritesubject）。*时间、日期与季节：掌握星期（MondaytoSunday）、月份（JanuarytoDecember）、季节（spring,summer,autumn/fall,winter）的表达。学会询问和回答时间（Whattimeisit?It's...）和日期（What'sthedatetoday?It's...）。*日常活动与爱好：能描述日常所做的事情（getup,eatbreakfast,gotoschool,haveclasses,playgames,watchTV,dohomework,gotobed），以及个人爱好（like,love,enjoy+doingsth./sth.），如reading,swimming,singing,dancing,playingbasketball/football/ping-pong。*食物与饮料：区分healthyfood和unhealthyfood，掌握常见食物名称（rice,noodles,meat,fish,egg,vegetable,fruit,apple,banana,orange）和饮料（water,milk,juice,tea,coffee），并能表达喜好和点餐。*交通工具：了解bus,car,bike/bicycle,train,plane,ship,subway等，并能谈论如何去上学（Howdoyougotoschool?Igotoschoolby.../onfoot.）。*天气与环境：学会描述天气（sunny,rainy,cloudy,windy,snowy,hot,warm,cool,cold），并能询问天气（What'stheweatherliketoday?/How'stheweathertoday?）。小贴士：词汇记忆要结合音标、词性和例句，多运用，才能记得牢。关键语法篇语法是语言的骨架，帮助我们组织正确的句子。1.名词的数*可数名词：有单数和复数形式。*规则变化：直接加-s(books,pens)；以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es(buses,boxes,watches,dishes)；以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-es(families,babies)；以f/fe结尾，变f/fe为v加-es(knives,leaves)。*不规则变化：man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,fish-fish(强调条数时)。*不可数名词：没有复数形式，如water,milk,rice,bread,meat,music,information。表示数量时需用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”，如aglassofwater,twobowlsofrice。*名词所有格：表示“……的”。*单数名词后加's(Tom'sbook,theteacher'soffice)。*以s结尾的复数名词后加'(thestudents'classroom)。*表示无生命事物的所有格常用of(thedooroftheroom)。2.代词*人称代词：主格(I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they)作主语；宾格(me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them)作宾语或表语。*物主代词：形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their)后接名词；名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs)相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。*反身代词：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves(常与by搭配，表示“独自”)。3.Be动词的用法*我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is连着他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。*变否定，be后not加。变疑问，be提前，句末问号莫忘加。4.情态动词can/may/must*can：表示“能，会，可以”。否定形式can't(cannot)。*Icanswim.Ican'tfly.Canyoudance?Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.*may：表示“可以，可能”，语气比can更委婉。否定形式maynot。*must：表示“必须，一定”。否定形式mustn't(禁止，不允许)/needn't(不必)。*Youmuststudyhard.Youmustn'tplayontheroad.5.介词*时间介词：*in：用于年、月、季节、泛指的上午/下午/晚上(in2023,inJuly,insummer,inthemorning)。*on：用于具体某一天、星期几、节日(onMonday,onJune1st,onChildren'sDay)。*at：用于具体时刻、正午/午夜(at7:00,atnoon,atnight)。*地点介词：*in：在……里面(inthebox,intheclassroom)。*on：在……上面(onthedesk,onthewall)。*under：在……下面(underthechair)。*behind：在……后面(behindthedoor)。*nextto/beside：在……旁边(nexttothewindow)。*infrontof：在……前面。*其他常用介词：with(和……一起，用……工具),from(来自……),to(到……，向……),for(为了……，给……)。6.基数词与序数词*基数词：表示数量(one,two,three...twenty,thirty...onehundred)。*序数词：表示顺序(first,second,third...tenth,twentieth,thirtieth...hundredth)。*序数词前通常加定冠词the。7.时态初探：一般现在时与现在进行时*一般现在时：*表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。*标志词：often,usually,always,sometimes,never,everyday/week...*结构：*主语+be动词(am/is/are)+...*主语+实义动词原形/第三人称单数形式+...*当主语是第三人称单数时，实义动词后加-s或-es(works,watches,goes,does)。*否定句和疑问句要借助助动词do/does。*现在进行时：*表示此时此刻正在进行或发生的动作。*标志词：now,look,listen。*结构：主语+be动词(am/is/are)+动词-ing形式+...*动词-ing形式的构成：直接加-ing(playing)；去e加-ing(making)；双写末尾辅音字母加-ing(running,swimming)。8.形容词与副词*形容词：修饰名词，作定语或表语(aredapple,Sheishappy)。*副词：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，通常表示动作发生的方式、程度等(runfast,verygood,studyhard)。*形容词比较级：*规则变化：直接加-er(tall-taller)；以e结尾加-r(nice-nicer)；以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i加-er(happy-happier)；重读闭音节双写末尾辅音字母加-er(big-bigger,hot-hotter)。*不规则变化：good/well-better,bad/ill-worse,many/much-more,little-less,far-farther/further。*结构：A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B.(TomistallerthanMike.)重要句型篇掌握这些核心句型，能让你更自信地开口说英语。*问候与告别：Hello!/Hi!Goodmorning/afternoon/evening!Howareyou?I'mfine,thankyou.Andyou?Goodbye!/Bye!*介绍与谈论人：Thisis...What'shis/hername?His/Hernameis...Howoldishe/she?He/Sheis...yearsold.*询问物品与位置：What'sthis/thatinEnglish?It'sa/an...Whatarethese/those?Theyare...Whereis...?It'sin/on/under...Whereare...?Theyarein/on/under...*谈论喜好与厌恶：Doyoulike...?Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.What'syourfavorite...?Myfavorite...is...Ilike...(verymuch).Idon'tlike...*提出请求与提供帮助：CanIhave...?Canyouhelpme?Sure./Ofcourse./Noproblem.*谈论天气：What'stheweatherliketoday?It'ssunny/rainy/cloudy/windy/snowy.*谈论正在做的事情：Whatareyoudoing?Iam(verb)-ing...Whatishe/she/itdoing?He/She/Itis(verb)-ing...听说读写小贴士*听力：多听课文录音、英文