高中英语短语总结

高中英语短语深度剖析与实用总结在高中英语的学习版图中，短语犹如散落的珍珠，串联起词汇与语法，是构建地道表达、提升语言运用能力的关键一环。它们不仅在阅读理解中扮演着“语义密码”的角色，更在书面写作与口语交流中直接影响表达的流畅度与准确性。本文旨在系统梳理高中阶段核心英语短语，按其功能与结构特点进行分类解析，并辅以实用示例，助力同学们实现从“认识”到“活用”的跨越。一、动词短语篇：行动的精准表达动词短语是英语中最具活力的部分，由动词与介词、副词或名词等搭配而成，往往产生超越单个词语本身的特定含义。1.动词+介词(Verb+Preposition)此类短语后通常需接宾语，宾语为人称代词时，代词置于短语中间。*accountfor:解释，说明原因；占比。*e.g.*Herillnessaccountsforherabsence.(她的病是她缺席的原因。)*applyfor:申请。*e.g.*Heappliedforascholarshiptostudyabroad.*approveof:赞成，同意。*e.g.*Myparentsdon’tapproveofstayingoutlate.*arriveat:到达（小地点）；达成（协议、结论）。*e.g.*Wearrivedataconsensusafterlongdiscussion.*believein:相信，信任；信仰。*e.g.*Doyoubelieveinghosts?*careabout:关心，在乎。*e.g.*Shecaresdeeplyaboutenvironmentalprotection.*consistof:由……组成。*dependon/upon:依靠，依赖；取决于。*e.g.*Successdependsonhardworkandabitofluck.*dreamof/about:梦想，向往。*hearfrom:收到……的来信/消息。*e.g.*Ihaven’theardfrommyoldfriendforyears.*insiston:坚持（做某事）。*e.g.*Sheinsistedongoingtherealone.*laughat:嘲笑。*e.g.*It’snotpolitetolaughatothers’mistakes.*lookafter:照顾，照料。*e.g.*CouldyoulookaftermycatwhileI’maway?*lookfor:寻找。*e.g.*I’mlookingformylostkeys.*objectto:反对。*e.g.*Manypeopleobjecttobuildingafactoryhere.*payattentionto:注意。*e.g.*Pleasepayattentiontowhattheteacherissaying.*preparefor:为……做准备。*e.g.*Studentsarebusypreparingforthefinalexams.*protectfrom/against:保护……免受……*e.g.*Sunglassesprotectoureyesfromthesun.*relyon/upon:依靠，依赖。*e.g.*Youcanrelyonmetokeepyoursecret.*searchfor:搜寻，寻找。*e.g.*Thepolicearesearchingforthemissingchild.*smileat:对……微笑。*e.g.*ShesmiledatmewhenIenteredtheroom.*sufferfrom:遭受，患病。*e.g.*Hesuffersfromabadback.*thinkabout:考虑；想起。*e.g.*I’mthinkingaboutchangingmyjob.*thinkof:想到；考虑；认为。*e.g.*Ican’tthinkofhisnamerightnow.*waitfor:等待。*e.g.*We’rewaitingforthebus.*worryabout:担心。*e.g.*Don’tworryaboutme;I’llbefine.2.动词+副词(Verb+Adverb)此类短语的宾语位置需注意：名词宾语可置于中间或末尾；代词宾语必须置于中间。部分短语可及物，可不及物，意义可能有所不同。*breakdown:（机器）出故障；（谈判等）失败；（身体/精神）垮掉。*e.g.*Thecarbrokedownonthewaytotheairport./Talksbetweenthetwocountriesbrokedown.*breakup:分手；解散；打碎。*e.g.*Theybrokeupafterdatingfortwoyears./Themeetingbrokeupatnoon.*bringup:提出（话题）；抚养，养育；呕吐。*e.g.*Shebroughtuptheissueduringthemeeting./Hewasbroughtupbyhisgrandparents.*calloff:取消。*e.g.*Thefootballmatchwascalledoffduetorain.*carryout:执行，实施。*e.g.*Theplanwascarriedoutsuccessfully.*e.g.*Icameacrossanoldphotointhedrawer.*e.g.*Hecameupwithagoodsolutiontotheproblem.*cutdown:削减，减少；砍倒。*e.g.*Youshouldcutdownonsugartokeephealthy./Theycutdownmanytreestobuildhouses.*figureout:弄清楚，理解；算出。*e.g.*Ican’tfigureouthowtousethismachine./Canyoufigureouttheanswer?*giveup:放弃。*e.g.*Nevergiveupyourdreams.*goon:继续；发生。*e.g.*Pleasegoonwithyourstory./What’sgoingonhere?*growup:长大，成长。*e.g.*IwanttobeadoctorwhenIgrowup.*handin:上交。*e.g.*PleasehandinyourhomeworkbeforeFriday.*hangup:挂断电话；悬挂。*e.g.*ShehungupbeforeIcouldexplain./Hangupyourcoatinthecloset.*holdon:等一下；坚持住。*e.g.*Holdon,I’llcheckifhe’sin./Holdon,helpisontheway.*lookup:查阅（词典、资料）；向上看。*e.g.*Lookupthewordinthedictionaryifyoudon’tknowit.*makeup:编造（故事、谎言）；组成；化妆；和好。*e.g.*Shemadeupanexcuseforbeinglate./Theteamismadeupoffiveplayers./Theyfinallymadeupaftertheirargument.*pickup:捡起；（偶然）学会；接（人/物）；好转。*e.g.*ShepickedupsomeFrenchwhilelivinginParis./I’llpickyouupatthestation./Theeconomyispickingup.*putaway:收拾好，放好。*e.g.*Putawayyourtoyswhenyou’vefinishedplaying.*putoff:推迟。*e.g.*ThemeetingwasputoffuntilnextMonday.*runout(of):用完，耗尽。（runout主语通常是物；runoutof主语是人）*e.g.*Oursuppliesarerunningout./Wehaverunoutoffuel.*setup:建立，创立；设置。*showoff:炫耀。*e.g.*Helikestoshowoffhisnewcar.*takeoff:（飞机）起飞；脱下（衣服）；（事业等）突然成功。*e.g.*Theplanetookoffontime./Takeoffyourshoesbeforeentering./Hiscareertookoffafterthatmovie.*turndown:关小（音量等）；拒绝。*e.g.*Pleaseturndownthemusic./Heturneddownthejoboffer.*turnoff:关掉（电器等）。*e.g.*Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightswhenyouleave.*turnon:打开（电器等）。*e.g.*TurnontheTV,please.*wakeup:醒来；叫醒某人。*e.g.*Iwakeupearlyeverymorning./Wakemeupatsixtomorrow.3.动词+名词+介词(Verb+Noun+Preposition)*catchsightof:看见，瞥见。*e.g.*Icaughtsightofherinthecrowd.*getridof:摆脱，除去。*e.g.*Weneedtogetridoftheoldfurniture.*makefunof:取笑，嘲弄。*e.g.*It’sunkindtomakefunofpeoplewithdisabilities.*makeuseof:利用。*e.g.*Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.*payattentionto:注意（前文已出现，强调其重要性）*takecareof:照顾，照料。*e.g.*Whowilltakecareofthechildrenwhilewe’reaway?*takeadvantageof:利用（机会等）。*e.g.*Shetookadvantageofthegoodweathertogohiking.二、介词短语篇：时空与逻辑的构建介词短语在句中可作状语、定语、表语等，用以表示时间、地点、方式、原因、伴随等逻辑关系。1.表示时间(Time)*inthemorning/afternoon/evening:在早上/下午/晚上*atdawn/noon/dusk/night:在黎明/中午/黄昏/夜里*onMonday/Tuesday.../onJuly1st/onNewYear’sDay:在周几/具体日期/节日*attheageof:在……岁时*e.g.*Hestartedlearningpianoattheageoffive.*inadvance:提前*e.g.*Bookyourticketsinadvancetogetadiscount.*intime:及时*e.g.*Wearrivedjustintimeforthemeeting.*ontime:准时*e.g.*Pleasebehereontime.*forthetimebeing:暂时，目前*e.g.*We’llstayhereforthetimebeing.*intheend:最后，终于*e.g.*Intheend,theyreachedanagreement.*atfirst:起初，首先*e.g.*Atfirst,Ididn’tlikethemovie,butitgrewonme.2.表示地点与方位(Place&Direction)*intheeast/west/north/south:在东/西/北/南方（指在范围之内）*ontheeast/west/north/south:在东/西/北/南方（指接壤）*totheeast/west/north/south:在东/西/北/南方（指在范围之外，不接壤）*infrontof:在……前面（外部）*e.g.*Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.*inthefrontof:在……前部（内部）*e.g.*Hesatinthefrontofthecar.*atthebackof:在……后面（内部或外部均可，较常用）*e.g.*Thetoiletisatthebackofthebuilding.*behind:在……后面（外部）*nextto:紧挨着*e.g.*Myhouseisnexttothepark.*farfrom:远离*e.g.*Thevillageisfarfromthecity.*onthewayto:在去……的路上*e.g.*Imetanoldfriendonthewaytoschool.*bybus/bike/car/plane/train:乘公交/自行车/汽车/飞机/火车*onfoot:步行*bymeansof:通过……方式，借助……手段*e.g.*Hesucceededbymeansofhardwork.*withasmile:带着微笑*e.g.*Shegreetedmewithasmile.*inEnglish/Chinese:用英语/汉语*e.g.*Pleasewriteyournameinpencil.*accordingto:根据*e.g.*Accordingtotheweatherforecast,itwillraintomorrow.4.表示原因、目的与结果(Cause,Purpose&Result)*becauseof:因为（后接名词或名词性短语）*e.g.*Hewaslatebecauseofthetrafficjam.*dueto:由于（较正式，可作表语或状语）*e.g.*Thedelaywasduetoheavysnow./Duetohisillness,hecouldn’tattend.*thanksto:多亏，由于（通常指好的结果）*e.g.*Thankstoyourhelp,Ifinishedtheworkontime.*forthesakeof:为了……的利益，为了*e.g.*Shediditforthesakeofherfamily.*inorderto:为了（后接动词原形，表目的）*e.g.*Hestudieshardinordertopasstheexam.*soasto:为了（后接动词原形，表目的，通常不用于句首）*e.g.*Shesavedmoneysoastobuyanewlaptop.*asaresult:结果（后接句子）*e.g.*Heworkedveryhard;asaresult,hegotapromotion.*asaresultof:由于……的结果（后接名词或名词性短语）*e.g.*Asaresultoftheaccident,hewasinjured.5.其他常用介词短语*inaddition(to):此外，另外（除……之外）*e.g.*Ilikemusic.Inaddition,Ienjoypainting./InadditiontoEnglish,hestudiesFrench.*infact:事实上，实际上*e.g.*Infact,Idon’tagreewithyou.*ingeneral:一般来说，大体上*e.g.*Ingeneral,boysaremoreinterestedinsportsthangirls.*inconclusion:总之，最后*e.g.*Inconclusion,weshouldprotectourenvironment.*onthecontrary:相反*e.g.*Hedidn’tseemsad;onthecontrary,helookedveryhappy.*ontheotherhand:另一方面*e.g.*Ononehand,it’scheap;ontheotherhand,it’snotverygoodquality.*inchargeof:负责，管理*e.g.*Sheisinchargeofthemarketingdepartment.*insteadof:代替，而不是*e.g.*I’llhaveteainsteadofcoffee.*apartfrom:除……之外（还有）*e.g.*Apartfrommath,heisgoodatallothersubjects.*regardlessof:不管，不顾*e.g.*Hewentoutregard