高中特殊英语词汇专项练习题

高中特殊英语词汇专项练习题在高中英语学习的征途上，词汇无疑是构建语言大厦的基石。然而，除了那些高频出现的核心词汇外，我们还常常会遇到一类“特殊词汇”。它们或许并非教材大纲的重中之重，却在阅读理解的深邃处、完形填空的语境中、乃至书面表达的亮点里扮演着关键角色。这些词汇可能是熟词僻义、固定搭配、特定领域术语，或是在特定语境下才显露出其“特殊性”的寻常单词。掌握这类词汇，往往能让我们在理解和运用英语时更上一层楼，突破学习瓶颈。本专项练习旨在聚焦此类词汇，通过针对性训练，帮助同学们深化理解，提升应试与应用能力。一、熟词僻义专项训练英语中许多词汇我们看似“认识”，但其在特定语境下的含义却与我们熟知的意义大相径庭，这就是所谓的“熟词僻义”。能否准确把握这些词汇的特殊含义，直接影响到对篇章的理解深度。Exercise1:MultipleChoiceChoosethebestexplanationfortheunderlinedwordineachsentence.A.depositmoneyinabankB.relyonC.establishabankD.lookat2.Afteralongday,shelikestoretiretoherstudyandread.A.stopworkingbecauseofageB.gotobedC.movebackD.withdrawtoaprivateplace3.Thejudgedismissedthecaseduetolackofevidence.A.sentawayB.refusedtoconsiderfurtherC.laughedatD.finished4.Hislatestnovelhasrunintoseveraleditionssinceitspublicationlastyear.A.movedquicklyB.encounteredC.hadacontinuousseriesof(editions)D.escapedAnswers&Explanations:1.B.relyon2.D.withdrawtoaprivateplace3.B.refusedtoconsiderfurther*Explanation:*Inlegalcontexts,"dismissacase"meansthejudgedecidesnottoproceedwiththecase,oftenbecauseofinsufficientevidence.4.C.hadacontinuousseriesof(editions)*Explanation:*"Runinto"hereindicatesthatthenovelhashadmultipleeditionspublishedinsuccession.二、固定搭配与动词短语专项训练固定搭配（包括形容词与介词、名词与介词、动词与介词/副词等的搭配）和动词短语是英语中非常活跃且难以掌握的部分。它们的意义往往不能简单从字面推断，需要系统学习和记忆。Exercise2:FillintheBlanks1.Weneedtolookintothemattercarefullybeforemakingadecision.(investigate)3.Theoldtraditionhasbeenhandeddownfromgenerationtogenerationinthisvillage.(passedon)5.Thenewpolicyaimsatreducingtrafficcongestioninthecitycenter.(hasasitsobjective)Exercise3:ErrorCorrectionEachsentencecontainsanerrorintheuseofaphrasalverborfixedcollocation.Identifyandcorrecttheerror.1.Sheapologizedforhermistake.(Correct)2.TheteacheraskedthestudentstoputofftheirassignmentsbyFriday.(Incorrect:"putoff"meanspostpone;shouldbe"handin"or"submit")*Corrected:*TheteacheraskedthestudentstohandintheirassignmentsbyFriday.3.Heisverygoodinplayingthepiano.(Incorrect:"goodat"isthecorrectcollocation)*Corrected:*Heisverygoodatplayingthepiano.4.Theprojectwascalledoffduetounforeseencircumstances.(Correct)三、易混词与形近词辨析专项训练英语中存在大量拼写相似但意义和用法迥异的词汇，或是意义相近但搭配、语体色彩不同的词汇。准确辨析这些词汇，是避免理解偏差和写作错误的关键。Exercise4:ChoosetheRightWord1.Theprincipal(principal/principle)reasonforhisabsencewasillness.2.Wemuststicktoourprinciples(principal/principle)evenindifficulttimes.3.Shefeltasenseofloss(loss/lose)whenherbestfriendmovedaway.4.Don'tlose(loss/lose)hope;thingswillgetbetter.6.Theeffect(affect/effect)ofthenewpolicyremainstobeseen.Answers:1.principal2.principles3.loss4.lose5.affect6.effectExplanation:*Principal(adj.):main,mostimportant;(n.):headofaschool.Principle(n.):afundamentaltruthorrule.*Affect(v.):toinfluenceorproduceachangeinsomething.Effect(n.):achangethatresultsfromanactionorcause.四、场景化词汇与特定领域词汇专项训练在不同的话题场景（如环保、科技、教育、健康等）或特定学科领域中，会用到一些具有针对性的词汇。积累这些词汇，有助于我们更专业、更准确地理解和谈论相关话题。Exercise5:MatchingMatchthewordsinColumnAwiththeirappropriatedefinitions/descriptionsinColumnBrelatedtothefieldofenvironmentalscience.ColumnA1.biodiversity2.sustainable3.emissions4.conservation5.biodegradableColumnBA.Thevarietyofplantandanimallifeinaparticularhabitatorintheworld.C.Theactofprotectingsomething,especiallynaturalresources,fromharmordestruction.D.Theproductionanddischargeofsomething,especiallygasorradiation.E.Abletobemaintainedatacertainrateorlevel;notharmfultotheenvironment.Answers:1.A2.E3.D4.C5.B五、学习建议与总结攻克高中特殊英语词汇，非一日之功，需要同学们：1.语境优先，活学活用：词汇的生命力在于语境。不要孤立背单词，要结合例句、篇章来理解和记忆其含义及用法，特别是特殊用法。2.勤查词典，细究差异：遇到不确定的词汇或搭配，要养成查阅权威词典（如牛津、朗文）的习惯，关注其英文释义、例句及usagenotes。3.整理归纳，定期复习：建立个人的“特殊词汇”笔记本，将遇到的熟词僻义、固定