湖南省炎德英才名校联考联合体2025年春季高二年级第二次联考英语试卷含解析

炎德英才名校联考联合体年春季高二年级第二次联考英语本试题卷共页。时量分钟。满分分。第一部分听力（共两节，满分分）第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthewomando?A.Attendadinnerparty.B.Gooutforshopping.C.Gotothemovies.2.Whereisthehairdryer?A.Inthebedroom.B.Inthebathroom.C.Inthesittingroom.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Abusline.B.Apolicy.C.Anewspaper.4.Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?A.theDonghuPark.B.theHistoryMuseum.C.theCityLibrary.5.WhydoesthewomanprefertogotoShanghaibycar?A.Itisconvenient.B.Itischeap.C.Itisfast.第二节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第六段材料，回答第、7题。6.Whendidthewomanstarttoplaythepiano?A.At5yearsold.B.Atyearsold.C.At16yearsold.7.Whydidthemanplayalotofsports?A.Heneverlikedtheguitar.B.Hepreferredplayingsports.C.Hedidn’thaveaninstrument.第1页/共24页听第七段材料，回答第、9题。8.AtwhatpricewasTheScreamsold?A.82.5milliondollars.B.106.5milliondollars.C.milliondollars.9.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthepaintings?A.Theircommercialvaluealwayschanges.B.They’rebecomingmorevaluablethanbefore.C.Theygetmuchappreciationfrompersonalcollectors.听第八段材料，回答第至题。10.WhatdidthemandoonSunday?A.Hewenttothemuseum.B.Hevisitedtheoldcastle.C.Hewatchedafootballmatch.Howdidthemanfindthemovie?A.Special.B.Interesting.C.Boring.12.WhoisHelenprobably?A.Theman’sboss.B.Theman’sdaughter.C.Theman’swife.听第九段材料，回答第至题。13.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Sleep.B.Music.C.14.Whycouldthemansleepwelllastnight?A.Theweatherwasfine.B.Hefelttiredduringtheday.C.Classicalmusichelpedhimsleep.15.Whichfloordoesthewomanliveon?A.The1stfloor.B.The25thfloor.C.The50thfloor.16.Whichhoteldoesthemanrecommend?A.TheonebytheTVstation.B.Theoneoppositethecitypark.C.TheoneneartheNationalLibrary.听第十段材料，回答第至题。17.Whatmightthespeakerbe?A.Aresident.B.Afirefighter.C.Anewsreporter.18.Wheredidthefirestart?A.Fromapark.B.Fromastore.C.Fromanapartmentbuilding.19.Whendidthefirehappen?A.Earlylastnight.B.Latelastnight.C.Anhourago.第2页/共24页20.HowdidthepeopleofBatteryParksound?A.Surprised.B.Calm.C.Frightened.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分分）第一节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHaveyoueverthoughtofbeingvolunteersinallkindsofartdesignactivitiesforcelebratoryscenes?Haveyoueverwonderedwhatit’sliketobeinanartanddesignschool?ThenhowaboutjoininginCaliforniaCollegeoftheArts(CCA)’Pre-CollegeProgram?Thisisyourtimetogrowasanindividualandtakeyourcreativitytothenextlevel.AtCCA’sPre-CollegeProgram,you’lljoinadifferentgroupofcreativethinkersandmakerswhosharetheirpassionforartanddesign.studyplacewillbetheCCASanFranciscoschool,whichislocatedintheSanFranciscoBayArea,hometowell-knownbrands,techcompaniesandworld-classmuseums,andanactiveenvironmentforartists,designers,andcreatorsfromacrosstheglobe.Thecoursesallbeginat9inthemorningfromMondaytoFriday,June27―July29.Theprogramisdesignedforstudentswhowillhavejustcompletedtheirsenioryearofhighschoolbysummer2025.Studentsmustbeatleast15byJuly2025andnotolderthan18toattend.Someeveningandweekendactivitiessuchaslifedrawinglessons,lectures,andmanyworkshopsenhancethewholeprogramexperience.Someactivitieswillbeprovidedtostudentstwoweeksbeforetheprogrambegins.CCA’sPre-Collegeteachersarewonderfulandhighlysuccessfulartists,designers,andwriterswhoareinterestedinsharingtheirprofessionalexpertise,deepunderstandingandexperienceswiththenextgenerationofcreativelearners.Mostteachatthecollege-level.HopeyouhaveanunforgettableexperiencebyjoiningCCA’sPre-CollegeProgramandmayyouhavesuccessfulvolunteerexperiences!Formoreinformation,pleasevisitourwebsite:https://teenink.com.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheCCASanFranciscoschool?A.Itcooperateswithworld-classmuseums.B.Itislocatedinahighlydevelopedregion.第3页/共24页C.Itsteachersarehighlysuccessfulprofessionals.D.Itishometofamousbrandsandtechcompanies.2.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutCCA’sPre-CollegeProgram?A.Participantsmustbe15-year-oldhighschoolgraduates.B.mayengageinartdesignactivitiesforfestiveoccasions.C.Theprogramaimstopreparestudentsforcollegeentranceexams.D.Alleveningandweekendactivitieswillbeprovidedaftertheprogrambegins.3.What’stheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A.introduceCCA’sPre-Collegecourses.B.describeSanFrancisco’sculturalscenes.C.promoteCCA’sPre-CollegeProgram.D.compareonlineandin-personlearning.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了加州艺术学院（CCA）的预科项目，包括其特色、课程安排及参与资格等信息.【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段In-Person部分中“studyplacewillbetheCCASanFranciscoschool,whichislocatedintheSanFranciscoBayArea,hometowell-knownbrands,techcompaniesandworld-classmuseums,andanactiveenvironmentforartists,designers,andcreatorsfromacrosstheglobe.(你的学习地点将是位于旧金山湾区的加州艺术学院旧金山分校。旧金山湾区是知名品牌、科技公司和世界级博物馆的所在地，同时也为来自全球的艺术家、设计师和创作者提供了充满活力的环境)”可知，加州艺术学院旧金山分校位于一个高度发达的地区。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Haveyoueverthoughtofbeingvolunteersinallkindsofartdesignactivitiesforcelebratoryscenes?Haveyoueverwonderedwhatit’sliketobeinanartanddesignschool?ThenhowaboutjoininginCaliforniaCollegeoftheArts(CCA)’Pre-CollegeProgram?(你是否曾想过在各类用于庆祝活动场景的艺术设计活动中担任志愿者呢？你是否曾好奇在一所艺术设计学校里学习是怎样一番体验呢？那么，参加加州艺术学院（CCA）的大学预科课程怎么样呢？)”以及第二段“AtCCA’sPre-CollegeProgram,you’lljoinadifferentgroupofcreativethinkersandmakerswhosharetheirpassionforartanddesign.(在加州艺术学院的大学预科课程中，你将加入一群与众不同的创意思想家和创作者的行列，他们都对艺术和设计满怀热忱)”可知，在加州艺术学院预科项目中，志愿者可以参与庆祝场合的艺术设计活动。故选B。第4页/共24页【3题详解】ThenhowaboutjoininginCaliforniaCollegeoftheArts(CCA)’Pre-CollegeProgram?Thisisyourtimetogrowasanindividualandtakeyourcreativitytothenextlevel.(加加州艺术学院（CCA）的大学预科课程怎么样呢？这是你实现个人成长并将创造力提升到新高度的好时机)”以及倒数第二段“HopeyouhaveanunforgettableexperiencebyjoiningCCA’sPre-CollegeProgramandmayyouhavesuccessfulvolunteerexperiences!(希望你通过参加加州艺术学院的大学预科课程获得难忘的体验，也愿你拥有成功的志愿者经历)”可知，文章主要介绍了加州艺术学院预科课程项目，包括课程形式、资格要求、活动安排等，由此推断，文章的目的是宣传该项目，鼓励人们参加。故选C。B“TheAnalectsofConfucius,commonlyknownasLunyu,standsasadistinguishedexampleofworldliterature.ThepublicationofitsMaltesetranslationwillfurtherenrichculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandMalta,”saysSalvatoreGiuffrè,aMaltesesinologistandthetranslatorofthebook.hasbeenstudyingChinesesincehisteenageyears.DuringhistimeasaChinesemajorstudentinItaly,hecameintocontactwithclassicalChinese.“IneededtolearnclassicalChinesetograspthecentralmeaningofChineseliterarycultureandphilosophy,”heexplains.Consequently,hetranslatedthebookdirectlyfromtheoriginalversion.“Lunyuwascomposedinadense(紧凑的)andbriefmanner,whichmakesunderstandingitratherchallenging,”hestates.usuallyreferencedversionsofthebookwritteninmodernChinesetoexplaincertaintermsthathefoundunclear,obscureorhardtounderstand.HealsoaddedcommentsandexplanationstomakethetexteasierforMaltesereaderstounderstand.dedicatedapproximatelytwoyearstomakingthebookaccessibletoMaltesereaders,particularlyyoungstudents,throughtranslation.Currently,theMalteseversionisavailableforlocalreaders.ItincludesanintroductiontoConfucius’slife,theerahelived,histeachings,andthekeyconcepts,terms,namesandfiguresmentionedinthebook.“Iaimedtomakeitaccessibletoabroaderreadership,”states.“IhopemytranslationwillaidinthespreadofChinesecultureandphilosophyinMalta.”HeexpressesthehopethatcooperationbetweenChinaandMaltainthepublishingsectorwillfosteropportunitiesforadditionaltranslationprojectsofliteraryworks.4.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphdo?A.introducethesubjectofthepassage.B.providedetailedinformation.C.emphasizetheimportanceofLunyu.D.makethepassagepersuasive.第5页/共24页5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obscure”meaninparagraph3?A.Expressive.B.Impressive.C.Unsuitable.D.Puzzling.6.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheMalteseversionofLunyu?A.Itiswellreceivedbylocalreaders.B.ItmainlyintroducesthestoriesofConfucius.C.ItcanhelpyoungstudentslearnaboutConfucius.D.Ittookabouttwoyearstomakecomments.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.ManyMaltesebegantolearnChineseculture.B.Giuffrè’stranslationhasabroadreadershipinMalta.C.hopestocooperatewiththeChinesepublishingsector.Dwantstodomoreforacross-culturaldialoguethroughpublication.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了马耳他汉学家Giuffrè翻译《论语》至马耳他语的过程及其对促进中马文化交流的意义。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段““TheAnalectsofConfucius,commonlyknownasLunyu,standsasadistinguishedexampleofworldliterature.ThepublicationofitsMaltesetranslationwillfurtherenrichculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandMalta,”saysSalvatoreGiuffrè,aMaltesesinologistandthetranslatorofthebook.(“TheAnalectsofConfuciusSalvatoreGiuffrè说道)”可知，第一段主要介绍了《论语》及其马耳他语译本的出版将对中马文化交流产生的意义，引出了文章的主题，即《论语》马耳他语版的出版及其意义。因此，第一段的作用是引入文章的主题。故选A。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段““Lunyuwascomposedinadense(紧凑的)andbriefmanner,whichmakesunderstandingitratherchallenging,”hestates.usuallyreferencedversionsofthebookwritteninmodernChinesetoexplaincertaintermsthathefoundunclear,obscureorhardtounderstand.HealsoaddedcommentsandexplanationstomakethetexteasierforMaltesereaderstounderstand.(第6页/共24页Giuffrè通常会参考用现代汉语写成的《论语》版本，来解释他觉得不清楚、obscure或难以理解的某些术语。他还添加了注释和讲解，以便让马耳他读者更易于理解原文内容)”可知，“obscure”与“unclear”和“hardtounderstandD。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“dedicatedapproximatelytwoyearstomakingthebookaccessibletoMaltesereaders,particularlyyoungstudents,throughtranslation.Currently,theMalteseversionisavailableforlocalreaders.ItincludesanintroductiontoConfucius’slife,theerahelived,histeachings,andthekeyconcepts,terms,namesandfiguresmentionedinthebook.(Giuffrè花费了大约两年时间，通过翻译让马耳他读者，尤其是年轻学生能够读懂这本书。目前，马耳他语版本已面向当地读者发行。该版本包括对孔子的生平、他所处的时代、他的学说，以及书中提到的关键概念、术语、名称和人物的介绍)”可知，马耳他语版的《论语》包括孔子的生平、他生活的时代、他的教诲以及书中提到的关键概念、术语、名字和人物等。因此，马耳他语版的《论语》可以帮助年轻学生了解孔子。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Iaimedtomakeitaccessibletoabroaderreadership,”states.“IhopemytranslationwillaidinthespreadofChinesecultureandphilosophyinMalta.”HeexpressesthehopethatcooperationbetweenChinaandMaltainthepublishingsectorwillfosteropportunitiesforadditionaltranslationprojectsofliteraryworks.(Giuffrè作品翻译项目的机会)Giuffrè想通过出版为跨文化对话做更多的事情。故选D。Cofresearchonexercisehavelongsupportedtheideathatconsistentworkoutsovertimeleadtobothphysicalandmentalbenefits.Butwhataboutshort,intenseperiodsofexercise?AteamofscientistsatUCSantaBarbarahastakenacloserlookandtheirstudywasrecentlypublishedinCommunicationsPsychology.“Oneofthemostconsistentfindingsintheliteratureisthatexerciseprograms—somethinglikeaplanyouwouldfollow,say,threetimesaweekoverseveralmonthsoryears—improvethinkingskillsandcanevenpromotebraincellgrowth,”saidBarryGiesbrecht,aprofessorintheDepartmentofPsychological&BrainSciencesandseniorauthorofthestudy.“Butstudieslookingattheofsingle,intenseperiodsofexercisearemuchmoremixed.”第7页/共24页Focusingonsubjectsbetween18―45yearsold,firstauthorJordanGarrett—whograduatedwithhisPh.D.fromthedepartmentinJune-andtheteamreviewedthousandsofexercisestudiespublishedbetween1995and2023tofindcommonpatterns.Basedontheiranalysis,cyclingandhigh-intensityintervaltraining(HIIT)producedthemostreliableimprovementsinmemory,attention,decision-makingskills,information,processing,andothermentalabilities.foundthathigh-energyactivitieshadthelargesteffects,”Giesbrechtsaid.“Also,thewerestrongerforstudiesthattestedcognition(认知)afterexercise,asopposedtoduringexercise.Andlastly,theofexerciselastinglessthan30minutesweregreaterthanthoselastingover30minutes.Ourworkshowedthestrongestevidenceforapositiveofsingleboutsofexerciseoncognitionandthatthisevidencewasimpactedbyavarietyoffactors.”“Anotherinterestingresultisthattheoverallofasingleperiodofexercisewasgenerallysmall,”Giesbrechtsaid,notingthatbesidesthevariability(可变性)acrosstheexperiments,theenhancementsmayalsobesmallbecausetheyaretypicallymeasuredwhenthephysicalactivityisnotrelatedtothecognitivetask.Thisraisesthe“interesting”theory,headded,thatperhapsusingtasksthatrequiretheintegrationofactionsofourbodyandcognitivesystemsmayresultinmoresignificantbenefits.Giesbrechtandhisteamindicatedthattheyplantotestthisidea.8.Whydoestheauthormentionconsistentworkoutsinparagraph1?A.emphasizetheimportanceofregularexercise.B.introduceacontrastwithshort,intenseexercise.C.explainthenecessityofdoingconsistentexercise.Dcomparethebenefitsofdifferentexerciseduration.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Themethodandkeyfindingsofthestudy.B.Thechallengesofanalyzinglargedatasets.C.Thehistoricalbackgroundofexerciseresearch.D.Futureplanstointegrateexercisewithcognitivetasks.10.Whatwasonesignificantfindingregardingthedurationofexerciseanditscognitiveeffects?A.Longerexercisesessionsarealwaysbetter.B.Exercisemustlastatleastonehourforbenefits.第8页/共24页C.Durationofexercisehadnoimpactoncognition.D.Exerciselastinglessthan30minuteshadlargereffects.Whatwillthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Combiningphysicalmovementwithmentaltasks.B.Extendingthedurationofsingleexercisesessions.CComparingdifferenttypesofhigh-energyexercises.D.Analyzingage-relateddifferencesinexerciseeffects.【答案】8.B9.A10.DA【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了关于运动对认知能力影响的研究，特别是短时间高强度运动与长期规律运动的效果对比。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ofresearchonexercisehavelongs。upportedtheideathatconsistentworkoutsovertimeleadtobothphysicalandmentalbenefits.Butwhataboutshort,intenseperiodsofexercise?(多年的运动研究一直支持长期规律运动对身心有益的观点。但短时间高强度运动又如何呢？)”可知，作者提到长期规律运动是为了与短时间高强度运动形成对比。故选B。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Focusingonsubjectsbetween18―45yearsold,firstauthorJordanGarrett—whograduatedwithhisPh.D.fromthedepartmentinJune-andtheteamreviewedthousandsofexercisestudiespublishedbetween1995and2023tofindcommonpatterns.Basedontheiranalysis,cyclingandhigh-intensityintervaltraining(HIIT)producedthemostreliableimprovementsinmemory,attention,decision-makingskills,information,processing,andothermentalabilities.(该研究的第一作者乔丹·加勒特于今年6月从该系获得博士学位，他和研究小组对1995年至2023年间发表的数千项运动研究进行了回顾，以寻找共同模式。根据他们的分析，骑车和高强度间歇训练（HIIT）在记忆力、注意力、决策能力、信息、处理和其他心理能力方面产生了最可靠的改善。)”可知，本段主要讲述了研究的方法和关键发现。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Also,thewerestrongerforstudiesthattestedcognition(认知)afterexercise,asopposedtoduringexercise.Andlastly,theofexerciselastinglessthan30minutesweregreaterthanthoselastingover30minutes.(此外，与在运动中测试认知相比，在运动后测试认知的效果更强。最后，第9页/共24页持续时间少于30分钟的运动效果比时间超过30分钟的效果更好)30分钟的锻炼效果更大。故选D。【题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Thisraisesthe“interesting”theory,headded,thatperhapsusingtasksthatrequiretheintegrationofactionsofourbodyandcognitivesystemsmayresultinmoresignificantbenefits.Giesbrechtandhisteamindicatedthattheyplantotestthisidea.(他补充道，这提出了一个“有趣”的理论，即可能需要结合身体可知，后续研究将关注结合身体运动与认知任务。故选A。DSirIsaacNewtonwasagreatastronomer.Althoughhedidnotusehisreflectingtelescopetodiscovernewastronomicalphenomena,hedidemployittocompletelytransformourviewoftheworldweinhabitandtheuniverseatlarge.Reflectingtelescopesusemirrorstoreflectandfocuslightandenlargeimages,distinguishingthemfromrefractors(折射望远镜)thatrelyonlenses(透镜).Theirsimplicityinconstructionandabilitytoachievemuchgreatersizesthanrefractorshaveledtoatransformationinourastronomicalknowledgeandcomprehensionoftheuniverse.Aslightpassesthroughglass,variouscolorsorbandsarerefractedatvaryingangles,leadingtochromaticaberration(色差)andconsequently,twistedimageswhenviewedthroughalens.InthetimeofNewton,thetechnologyforproducingglassandlenseswasstillveryprimitive,andthechallengesassociatedwithchromaticaberrationhadnotbeenadequatelyaddressed.wecanmakelensesthathavealmostnochromaticaberrationbutwecan’tmakethemverylarge.Asthesizeofalensincreasessignificantly,itbecomesextremelyheavy,causingitsownweighttodistortthelensandconsequentlyruintheimagequality.Newton’stelescopesolvedtheseproblems.Amirrordoesn’tallowlighttopass.Itsimplybouncesallthelightthesurface.Thismeansthere’snochromaticaberration.Plus,becauseweonlyneedtobouncelightthesurface,wecansupporttheentiremirroronabase,reducingitsweight.Thisallowsustobuildmuchlargermirrorswithoutanydistortion.WhileGalileoiscreditedwiththediscoveryofmoonsaroundJupiterandHalleywithpredictingthecomet’sorbit,whatNewtondiddowastieinwithmathematics,astronomyandourcomprehensionoftheuniversethroughtheuseofhistelescopeandhisuniversalgravitationtheory.TheoriginaltelescopeconstructedbyNewtonispreservedandmaintainedbytheRoyalSocietyofLondon.It第10页/共24页isshowcasedinLondonandoccasionallyembarksoninternationaltoursasanelementofexhibitions.12.WhatdoweknowaboutNewton’stelescope?A.Ithasagreatsizewithcomplexstructure.B.Itreliesonmirrorsinsteadoflenses.C.Itcanmaketheimagesmallerthanarefractor.D.IthelpedNewtonuncovernovelastronomicalphenomena.13.WhatproblemsdidNewton’stelescopemanagetosolve?A.Restrictionsontheproduction.B.Issueswithimagequality.C.Challengesoflensmaking.D.Limitsoflight’spassingangles.14.WhydoestheauthormentionGalileoandHalley?A.stateafact.B.raiseapoint.C.explainaconcept.D.makeacomparison.15.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?A.Newton’stelescopeispreservedbytheRoyalSocietyasahistoricalscientificantique.B.Newton’stelescopesimplifiedconstructionandenabledlargersizescomparedtorefractors.C.Newton’stelescopeinnovatedastronomybysolvingproblemscausedbylenslimitations.D.Newton’stelescopeachievedbreakthroughimprovementsoverrefractors,observingnewastronomicalphenomena.【答案】12.B13.B14.D15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了牛顿的反射望远镜如何通过使用镜子而非透镜，解决了色差和透镜重量问题，从而推动了天文学的发展。【12题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Reflectingtelescopesusemirrorstoreflectandfocuslightandenlargeimages,distinguishingthemfromrefractors(折射望远镜)thatrelyonlenses(透镜).(反射望远镜使用镜子来反射和聚焦光线并放大图像，这与依赖透镜的折射望远镜不同。)”可知，牛顿的望远镜依靠镜子而不是透镜。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Aslightpassesthroughglass,variouscolorsorbandsarerefractedatvaryingangles,leadingtochromaticaberration(色差)andconsequently,twistedimageswhenviewedthroughalens.(当光线穿过玻璃时，各种颜色或波段会以不同的角度折射，导致色差，因此，通过透镜观看时图像会扭曲。)”第11页/共24页以及第四段中“Newton’stelescopesolvedtheseproblems.(牛顿的望远镜解决了这些问题。)”可知，牛顿的望远镜设法解决了图像质量问题。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。由文章第五段“WhileGalileoiscreditedwiththediscoveryofmoonsaroundJupiterandHalleywithpredictingthecomet’sorbit,whatNewtondiddowastieinwithmathematics,astronomyandourcomprehensionoftheuniversethroughtheuseofhistelescopeandhisuniversalgravitationtheory.(虽然伽利略因发现木星周围的卫星而备受赞誉，哈雷则因预测彗星轨道而闻名，但牛顿所做的是通过他的望远镜和他的万有引力理论，将数学、天文学和我们对宇宙的理解联系在一起。)”可知，作者提到伽利略和哈雷是为了与牛顿进行对比，突出牛顿的贡献。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Reflectingtelescopesusemirrorstoreflectandfocuslightandenlargeimages,distinguishingthemfromrefractors(折射望远镜)thatrelyonlenses(透镜).Theirsimplicityinconstructionandabilitytoachievemuchgreatersizesthanrefractorshaveledtoatransformationinourastronomicalknowledgeandcomprehensionoftheuniverse.(反射望远镜利用镜子来反射和聚焦光线并放大图像，这与依赖透镜的折射望远镜有所不同。反射望远镜构造简单，且能够达到比折射望远镜大得多的尺寸，这推动了我们对天文知识和宇宙理解的变革。)”、第三段中“Aslightpassesthroughglass,variouscolorsorbandsarerefractedatvaryingangles,leadingtochromaticaberration(色差)andconsequently,twistedimageswhenviewedthroughalens.(当光线穿过玻璃时，各种颜色或波段会以不同的角度折射，导致色差，因此，通过透镜观看时图像会扭曲。)”以及第四段中“Newton’stelescopesolvedtheseproblems.(牛顿的望远镜解决了这些问题。)”可知，文章主要介绍了牛顿的望远镜如何通过解决透镜限制引起的问题来革新天文学。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）Genes,thebasicunitsofheredity,playacrucialroleindeterminingourphysicalcharacteristicsandhealthconditions.___16___thedevelopmentofmoderntechnology,genetictestinghasbecomeanimportanttoolforunderstandingourbiologicalmakeup.Whenyoutakeagenetictest,scientistswillanalyzeyourDNAsample.___17___Forexample,sometestscantellifyoucarrygenesthatmightincreaseyourriskofcertaindiseaseslikebreastcancerorheartconditions.Thisknowledgecanhelppeopletakepreventivemeasuresearly.However,genetictestingalsoraisesethicalquestions.___18___Shouldemployershaveaccesstothis第12页/共24页information?Whatifinsurancecompaniesuseittodenycoverage?Whatifhospitalsprioritizetreatmentsbasedongeneticrisks?Theseissuesrequirecarefulconsideration.___19___Thisneedscountriestoworktogether,setclearrules,andpreventunfairtreatment.Forexample,theGlobalAllianceforGenomicsandHealth(GA4GH)createdthe“FrameworkforResponsibleSharingofGenomicandHealth-relatedData”.Itunifiesprivacyrulesinover40countries,lettingscientistsstudyrarediseasesusinganonymousgeneticdata.Atthesametime,itrequiresstrictcompliance(遵守)oflawsandstopsanyharmfuluseofpersonalinformation.Theseactionsshowhowglobalteamworkcanprotectpeople’sprivacywhilehelpingmedicalsciencemoveforward.Thoughnotperfect,genetictestingvaluableinsights.Byunderstandingourgeneticrisks,wecanmakebetterlifestylechoicesandworkwithdoctorstocreatepersonalizedhealthplans.Forexample,individualswithagenetictendencyforheartdiseasemightincreasecardiovascularexercisesandreducesaturatedfatintake.___20___A.Ultimately,thisknowledgeenablesproactivehealthmanagementtailoredtoindividualneeds.B.Theycontaincodesforproteinsthatdirectlybodilyfunctionsandhealth.C.addresstheserisks,legalframeworksmustbalanceprivacyprotectionwithresearchneeds.D.LaboratorytechnicianscompareDNAsamplestoidentifyuniquegeneticmarkers.E.Theseanalysescandetectgenevariationslinkedtoinherited(遗传)diseases.F.Theownershipanduseofgeneticinformationremainhighlycontroversial(有争议的).G.Effectivedataprotectionmethodsareessentialforsecuringgeneticdatabases.【答案】16.B17.E18.F19.C20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了基因在决定我们的身体特征和健康状况方面的作用，以及基因检测技术的发展、应用、伦理问题及其全球合作的解决方案。【16题详解】上文“Genes,thebasicunitsofheredity,playacrucialroleindeterminingourphysicalcharacteristicsandhealthconditions.(基因，遗传的基本单位，在决定我们的身体特征和健康状况方面发挥着至关重要的作用)”说明B选项“Theycontaincodesforproteinsthatdirectlybodilyfunctionsandhealth.(它们包含直接影响身体功能和健康的蛋白质的编码)”进一步解释了基因如何对They”指代上文的“Genes”，起到承接上文的作用。故选B。【17题详解】第13页/共24页上文“Whenyoutakeagenetictest,scientistswillanalyzeyourDNAsample.(当你进行基因检测时，科学家会分析你的DNA样本)”及下文“Forexample,sometestscantellifyoucarrygenesthatmightincreaseyourriskofcertaindiseaseslikebreastcancerorheartconditions.(例如，一些测试可以判断你是否携带可能增加患某些疾病（如乳腺癌或心脏病）风险的基因)”说明科学家会分析DNA样本来判断某些疾病的风险，空处承上启下，说明科学家是如何分析的，E选项“Theseanalysescandetectgenevariationslinkedtoinherited(遗传)diseases.(这些分析可以检测到与遗传疾病相关的基因变异)”中的“Theseanalyses”承接上文的“analyzeyourDNAsampledetectgenevariationslinkedtoinheriteddiseases下的作用，符合语境。故选E。【18题详解】上文“However,genetictestingalsoraisesethicalquestions.()”说明基因检测引发了关于信息使用和隐私的伦理问题，F选项“Theownershipanduseofgeneticinformationremainhighlycontroversial(有争议的).(基因信息的所有权和使用仍然存在很大争议)”既承接上文基因测试引发伦理问题，又引出下文关于基因信息使用争议的具体例子“Shouldemployershaveaccesstothisinformation?Whatifinsurancecompaniesuseittodenycoverage?Whatifhospitalsprioritizetreatmentsbasedongeneticrisks?(雇主应该获取这些信息吗？如果保险公司利用它拒绝承保怎么办？如果医院根据遗传风险优先治疗怎么办？)”。故选F。【19题详解】下文“Thisneedscountriestoworktogether,setclearrules,andpreventunfairtreatment.(这需要各国共同努力，制定明确的规则，防止不公平待遇)”说明需要国际合作和制定规则来解决基因检测的伦理问题，空处引出下文，说明为了解决这些问题需要做什么，C选项“addresstheserisks,legalframeworksmustbalanceprivacyprotectionwithresearchneeds.(为了解决这些风险，法律框架必须在隐私保护和研究需求之间取得平衡)”符合语境。故选C。【20题详解】上文“Thoughnotperfect,genetictestingvaluableinsights.Byunderstandingourgeneticrisks,wecanmakebetterlifestylechoicesandworkwithdoctorstocreatepersonalizedhealthplans.Forexample,individualswithagenetictendencyforheartdiseasemightincreasecardiovascularexercisesandreducesaturatedfatintake.(虽然并不完美，但基因检测提供了有价值的见解。通过了解我们的遗传风险，我们可以做出更好的生活方式选择，并与医生合作制定个性化的健康计划。例如，有心脏病遗传倾向的个体可能会增加心血管锻炼，减少饱和脂肪的摄入)”说明基因检测可以帮助我们做出更好的健康选择，空处总结上文，说明基因检测的好处，A选项“Ultimately,thisknowledgeenablesproactivehealthmanagementtailoredtoindividualneeds.(最第14页/共24页终，这些知识使能够根据个人需求进行主动健康管理成为可能)”强调了解基因风险带来的最终好处，符合语境。故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分分）第一节（共小题；每小题1分，满分分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的、、、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Lastsummer,Idecidedtojoinamountain-climbingcamporganizedbyourcommunity.ThoughIlacked___21___inmyphysicalabilities,theideaofchallengingmyselfappealedtomedeeply.Myparents___22___meabouttherisks,butIfeltastrong___23___toprovemyself.Onthefirstday,ourinstructorgatheredusatthebaseandannouncedwewould___24___the3,000-meterpeakwithinthreedays.Myheartmissedabeatandmypalmsgrewsweatywithamixofnervousnessand___25___Theinitialclimbwentsmoothly.Sunlight___26___throughthetrees,andwildflowersbloomedalongthepath,theircolorsvividagainstthegreen.Birdssangcheerfullyinthepinetrees,asifcheeringuson.___27___,bythesecondafternoon,darkcloudsgatheredsuddenly.minutes,rainbegantopour,turningthe___28___pathintoadangerousobstacle.Islippedtwice,mylegsshaking___29___Thatnightinthe___30___,exhaustedandshiveringinthecold,I___31___givingup.Justthen,myteammateLisaenteredwithasmile,herflashlightcastingawarm“Rememberwhyyoustarted,”