《电力系统继电保护及应用（双语）》课件-阻抗元件

阻抗元件Impedanceelement圆特性阻抗元件Circularcharacteristicimpedanceelement目录页CONTENTSPAGE全阻抗圆特性01Fullimpedancecirclecharacteristics方向阻抗圆特性02Directionalimpedancecirclecharacteristics偏移阻抗圆特性03Offsetimpedancecirclecharacteristics“”动作区制动区圆阻抗特性RjX圆周内为阻抗元件的动作区，圆周外为阻抗元件的制动区，圆周为动作边界。圆特性又分为全阻抗圆特性、方向阻抗圆特性和偏移阻抗圆特性。阻抗元件的圆动作特性OperationcharacteristicsofcircularimpedanceelementsTheinsideofthecircumferenceistheoperationareaoftheimpedanceelement,theoutsideofthecircumferenceisthebrakingareaoftheimpedanceelement,andthecircumferenceistheoperationboundary.Circlecharacteristicsarefurtherdividedintofullimpedancecirclecharacteristics,directionalimpedancecirclecharacteristicsandoffsetimpedancecirclecharacteristics.01全阻抗圆特性Fullimpedancecirclecharacteristics保护范围/Rangeofprotection

“全阻抗圆特性Fullimpedancecirclecharacteristics01

全阻抗圆特性Fullimpedancecirclecharacteristics全阻抗圆特性Fullimpedancecirclecharacteristics01保护动作没有方向性withnon-directionalprotectionoperation幅值比较式Amplitudecomparisonformula与and动作阻抗Operatingimpedance整定阻抗settingimpedance特点Feature

全阻抗圆特性阻抗元件的动作条件Operatingconditionsoffullimpedancecircularcharacteristicimpedanceelement01相位比较式:Phasecomparisonformula

图1Figure1图2Figure2全阻抗圆特性Fullimpedancecirclecharacteristics(2)全阻抗圆特性阻抗元件的动作条件Operatingconditionsoffullimpedancecircularcharacteristicimpedanceelement方向阻抗圆特性Directionalimpedancecirclecharacteristics02方向阻抗圆特性是以保护安装处为坐标原点，整定阻抗为直径，且圆周通过坐标原点的圆。“方向阻抗圆特性Directionalimpedancecirclecharacteristics02Thedirectionalimpedancecirclecharacteristicisacirclewiththerelaylocationasthecoordinateorigin,thesettingimpedanceasthediameter,andwithcircumferencepassingthroughthecoordinateorigin.方向阻抗圆特性Directionalimpedancecirclecharacteristics02

为使阻抗元件工作在最大灵敏角条件下，常将阻抗元件的最大灵敏角整定为线路阻抗角。Whenφrisequaltothesettingimpedanceangleφset,thevalueofzristhelargest,equaltozset.Atthistime,theprotectionrangeoftheimpedanceelementisthelargestandtheoperationisthemostsensitive.Therefore,themeasuredimpedanceangleφratthistimeiscalledthemaximumsensitivityangleoftheimpedanceelement,whichisoftenexpressedasφs.Inordertomaketheimpedanceelementworkundertheconditionofmaximumsensitivityangle,themaximumsensitivityangleoftheimpedanceelementisoftensettothelineimpedanceangle.方向阻抗圆特性Directionalimpedancecirclecharacteristics02正方向短路时，测量阻抗Zr在第Ⅰ象限，如故障在保护范围内，Zr落在圆内，阻抗元件动作。反方向短路时，测量阻抗Zr在第Ⅲ象限，阻抗元件不动作。因此这种阻抗元件具有很好的方向性。方向阻抗圆特性的特点/CharacteristicsofdirectionalimpedancecirclecharacteristicsWhenthereisashortcircuitintheforwarddirection,themeasuredimpedanceZrisinthefirstquadrant.Ifthefaultiswithintheprotectionrange,ZrfallswithinthecircleandtheimpedanceelementoperatesWhenshort-circuitedinthereversedirection,themeasuredimpedanceZrisinthethirdquadrant,andtheimpedanceelementdoesnotoperate.Thereforethisimpedanceelementhasgooddirectivity方向阻抗圆特性Directionalimpedancecirclecharacteristics02方向阻抗圆特性的特点/Characteristicsofdirectionalimpedancecirclecharacteristics当保护安装处发生短路故障时，Ur=0,Zr=0因此，该特性的阻抗元件在保护安装处有“死区”。阻抗元件不动作Therefore,theimpedanceelementwiththischaracteristichasa"deadzone"attherelaylocation.WhenashortcircuitfaultoccursattherelaylocationtheUr=0,Zr=0andimpedanceelementdoesnotoperate02“”按幅值比较方式的动作条件Operationconditionsbasedonamplitudecomparisonmethod方向阻抗圆特性Directionalimpedancecirclecharacteristics方向阻抗圆特性的动作条件Operationconditionsfordirectionalimpedancecirclecharacteristics(3)02“”按相位比较方式的动作条件Operationconditionsbasedonphasecomparisonmethod图3/Figure3方向阻抗圆特性Directionalimpedancecirclecharacteristics(4)方向阻抗圆特性的动作条件Operationconditionsfordirectionalimpedancecirclecharacteristics偏移阻抗圆特性Offsetimpedancecirclecharacteristics0303“以保护安装处为坐标原点，以正向整定阻抗𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡与反向的整定阻抗−𝛼𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡的幅值之和|𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡|+|𝛼𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡|为直径圆，圆心坐标为𝑧0=1/2(𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡−𝛼𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡)

；半径为1/2|𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡

+𝛼𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡|。偏移特性阻抗圆的构成Thecompositionoftheoffsetimpedancecircle图4Figure4偏移阻抗圆特性OffsetimpedancecirclecharacteristicsTaketherelaylocationastheoriginofthecoordinates,isacirclewiththesumoftheamplitudesoftheforwardsettingimpedance𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡

andthereversesettingimpedance−𝛼𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡

and|𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡|+|𝛼𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡|

asthediameter,andthecoordinateofthecenterofthecircleis𝑧0=1/2(𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡−𝛼𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡)

;Theradiusis1/2|𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡

+𝛼𝑧𝑠𝑒𝑡|03“特点

/Features偏移特性阻抗圆的构成Thecompositionoftheoffsetimpedancecircle图4Figure4保护动作在一定范围内有方向性，且消除了保护安装处的“死区”α称为偏移系数，是一个小于1的系数，实用中取0.1~0.2。偏移阻抗圆特性OffsetimpedancecirclecharacteristicsTheoffsetimpedancecircleiswithdirectionalprotectionoperationwithinacertainrangeandeliminatesthe"deadzone"attherelaylocation.α

calledtheoffsetcoefficient,whichisacoefficientlessthan1andtakes0.1~0.2inpractice.03“①幅值比较式Amplitudecomparisonformula图5/Figure5”偏移阻抗圆特性Offsetimpedancecirclecharacteristics偏移特性阻抗圆的动作条件Operationconditionsforoffsetimpedancecircle(5)03“②相位比较式Phasecomparisonformula图6/Figure6“偏移阻抗圆特性Offsetimpedancecirclecharacteristics(6)偏移特性阻抗圆的动作条件Operationconditionsforoffsetimpedancecircle已知其动作特性为Itsoperationcharacteristicsareknowntobe12方向阻抗圆特性全阻抗圆特性““

练习SettingtheimpedanceFullimpedancecirclecharacteristicsDirectionalimpedancecirclecharacteristicsIfthesettingimpedanceofanimpedanceelementisZset=10∠75°,trytowriteitsabsolutevaluecomparisonoperationequationandphasecomparisonoperationequation.阻抗元件Impedanceelement阻抗元件的接线方式Connectionofimpedanceelements目录页CONTENTSPAGE阻抗元件的接线方式的定义01Definitionofconnectionofimpedanceelements对阻抗元件接线方式的要求02Requirementsforconnectingimpedanceelements相间阻抗元件的接线方式03Connectionofphase-to-phaseimpedanceelements接地阻抗元件的接线方式04Connectionofgroundimpedanceelements指接入阻抗元件一定相别电压和一定相别电流的组合方式。阻抗元件的接线方式01阻抗元件的接线方式的定义Definitionofconnectionofimpedanceelementsreferstothecombinationofacertainphasevoltageandacertainphasecurrentthatconnectedtotheimpedanceelement.Connectionofimpedanceelements测量阻抗应正比于故障点到保护安装处的距离，且与电网的运行方式无关。12测量阻抗应与故障类型无关，即同一地点发生不同类型故障时，应相同。02对阻抗元件接线方式的要求RequirementsforconnectingimpedanceelementsThemeasuredimpedanceshouldbeproportionaltothedistancefromthefaultpointtotherelaylocationandhasnothingtodowiththeoperationmodeofthepowergrid.Themeasuredimpedanceshouldbeindependentofthefaulttype,thatis,itshouldbethesamewhendifferenttypesoffaultsoccuratthesamelocation.相间阻抗元件是实现相间距离保护的阻抗元件，能够反应三相短路、两相短路和两相接地短路故障。一般采用0°接线方式。接入阻抗元件的电压为线电压，电流为两相电流差。图103相间阻抗元件的接线方式Connectionofphase-to-phaseimpedanceelementsThephase-to-phaseimpedanceelementisanimpedanceelementthatrealizesphase-to-phasedistanceprotectionandcanrespondtothree-phaseshortcircuit,two-phaseshortcircuitandtwo-phasegroundingshortcircuitfaults.Generally,the0°connectionisadoptedforit.Thevoltageconnectedtotheimpedanceelementistheline-to-linevoltage,andthecurrentisthecurrentdifferencebetweenthetwophases.相间短路阻抗元件的接线方式Connectionofphase-to-phaseshort-circuitimpedanceelements——0°接线方式0°connection故障时的测量阻抗Measuredimpedanceatfault/K点短路时，母线M的电压可以表示为>>（1）03相间阻抗元件的接线方式Connectionofphase-to-phaseimpedanceelementsWhenpointKisshort-circuited,thevoltageofbusbarMcanbeexpressedas相间故障时的测量阻抗Measuredimpedanceduringphase-to-phasefault

则“”

（2）03相间阻抗元件的接线方式Connectionofphase-to-phaseimpedanceelements

抗阻元件相别PhaseofimpedanceelementUVVWWU这种接线方式，能反应三相、两相及两相接地短路故障。表1为了反映各种相间短路，分别在UV、VW、WU相间均接入一阻抗元件。03相间阻抗元件的接线方式Connectionofphase-to-phaseimpedanceelements0°接线方式0°connectionInordertoreflectvariousphase-to-phaseshortcircuits,animpedanceelementisconnectedbetweentheUV,VW,andWUphasesrespectively.Thisconnectioncanrespondtothree-phase,two-phaseandtwo-phasegroundingshortcircuitfaults.接入阻抗元件的电压为：线电压阻抗元件300接线方式的电流、电压“”表5-203相间阻抗元件的接线方式Connectionofphase-to-phaseimpedanceelements30°接线方式30°connectionThevoltageconnectedtotheimpedanceelementis:line-to-linevoltageCurrentandvoltageofimpedanceelementin30°connectionTheaccesscurrentis:phasecurrent接入电流为：相电流接地故障时的测量阻抗Measuredimpedanceatgroundfault04接地阻抗元件的接线方式Connectionofgroundimpedanceelements

则“”

（3）

接地故障阻抗元件的接线方式

（零序电流补偿接线）反映接地故障的阻抗元件主要用在接地距离保护中。抗阻元件相别Phaseof