大学英语四级模拟试卷976

大学英语四级模拟试卷976

一、作文（本题共7题，每题7.0分，共7分。）

1、Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteALetterofApplication.You

shouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.所修

专业、学习成绩2.英语水平3.能力及业余爱好ALetterofApplication

标准答案：ALetterofApplicationDearSir/Madam,MynameisLiMing,Iamwriting

toyoutoinquire,whetherthereisanopeninginyourcompany.Ihavenowcompletedall

thecoursesrequiredforastudentmajoringincomputer.

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10

分。）

HowShouldYouBuildupYourVocabularyExactlywhatdoyoudoduringanormal

day?Howdoyouspendyourtime?PaulT.Rankinverymuchwantedananswertothat

question.Togetit,heaskedsixty-eightindividualstokeepanaccurate,detailedrecordof

whattheydideveryminuteoftheirwakinghours.Whenheconsolidated（巩固）his

findings,hediscoveredthattheaverageindividualspent70percentofhiswakingtime

doingonethingonly-communication.Thatmeanteitherreading,writing,speakingor

listening.PutthatevidencealongsideoftheresearchfindingsuncoveredbytheHuman

EngineeringLaboratories.Inexploringaptitudesandcareersinvolving,amongother

things,datafrom30,000vocabularytestsgivenyearly,theydiscoveredthatbigincomes

andbigvocabulariesgotogether.Vocabulary,morethananyotherfactoryetknown,

predictsfinancialsuccess.Anditallfits.Eachwordyouaddtoyourvocabularymakes

youabetterreader,writer,speakerandlistener.Furthermore,linguisticscientistsare

quicktopointoutthatweactuallythinkwithwords.Ifthatisso,newwordsmakeus

betterthinkersaswellascommunicators.Nowondermorewordsarelikelytomean

moremoney.Whatbetterreasonforbeginningrightnowtoextendyourvocabulary?

Takereading.Whatexactlydoyouread?Commonsensesaysyoureadwords.Research

confirmsthatfact."Vocabularyincontext"contributes39percenttocomprehension.

That'smorethananyotherfactorisolatedandstudicd-cvcnmorethanintelligence.And

"worddiscrimination"contributesmoretospeedofreadingthananyotherfactor-28

percent.Inshort,youreffortstoimprovevocabularywillpayoffinbothcomprehension

andspeed.Suppose,asyou'rereadingalong,youlumtebsacrossastrangeword.Didyou

findyourselfstoppingforacloserlookatlumtebs?Pardonthespellingslip.That's

actuallythewordstumble（偶然发现）.Theletterjustgotmixedaround.Obviouslyyou

nowknowthatstrangewordsdoslowyoudown—orevenstopyoucompletely.

Furthermore,strangewordshinder（妨碍）comprehension.Whichiseasiertounderstand,

"eschewgarrulity"or"avoidingtalkingtoomuch'1?Whatyouneedisavital,dynamic

approachtovocabularybuilding.Hybrid（混合种）corncombinesthebestqualitiesof

severalvarietiestoensuremaximumproductivity.Ahybridapproachtovocabulary

should,inthesameway,ensuremaximumresults.ThafswhyyoushouldusetheCPD

formula.ThroughContextWhenstudentsinacollegeclasswereaskedwhatshouldbe

donewhentheycameacrossanunknownwordintheirreading,84percentsaid,"Lookit

upinfiledictionary."Ifyoudo,however,youshort-circuittheverymentalprocesses

neededtomakeyoureffortsmostproductive.Buithere'sanotherreason.Suppose

someoneasksyouwhatthewordfastmeans.Youanswer,"speedyorswift".Butdoesit

meanthatinsuchcontextsas"fastcolor","fastwoman",or"fastfriend'1?Andifahorse

isfast,isitsecurelytiedorgalloping（飞驰）attopspeed?Itcouldbeeither.Itall

depends.Onthedictionary?No,oncontext-onhowthewordisactuallyused.Afterall,

thereareovertwentydifferentmeaningsforfastinthedictionary.Butthedictionary

doesn'ttellyouwhichmeaningisintended.That*swhyitmakessuchgoodsenseto

beginwithcontext.ThroughWordPartsNowforthenextstep.Oftenunfamiliarwords

containoneormoreparts,which,ifrecognized,providedefinitehelpwithmeaning.

Supposeyoureadthatsomeone"hadapredilectionforreadingmysteries'1.Thecontext

certainlyisn'ttoohelpful.Butdoyouseeaprefix,suffixorrootthatyouknow?Well,

there*sthefamiliarprefixpre-,meaning"before'.Lookbackatthecontextandtry

inserting"before".Readingmysteriesapparentlycomes"before"otherkindsofreading.

Yes,apredilection-orpreferenceissomethingput"before"somethingelse.Ortakethe

wordmonolithic.Trytoisolatetheparts.Thereistheprefixmono-,meaning"one",and

therootlith,meaning"stone".Finally,there'sthesuffix-ic,meaning"consistingof.

Thosethreepartsadduptothisdefinition:"consistingofonestone".Tospeedupyour

useofwordparts,youwillbeintroducedtothefourteenmostimportantwordsinthe

Englishlanguage.Theprefixandrootelementsinthosefewwordsarcfoundinover

14,000wordsofdeskdictionarysize.Withthoseamazinglyusefulshortcuts,youcan

buildvocabulary,notasnail'space,onewordatatime,butingiantstrides,uptoathou

sandwordsatatime.Yoursecondstep,then,istolookforfamiliarwordparts.Iftheydo

notgiveyouexaclnieanings,theyshouldalleastbringyoumuchcloser.Throughthe

DictionaryNowyoucanseewhyyoushouldconsultthedictionarylast,notfirst.You've

lookedcarefullyatthecontext.You'velookedforfamiliarwordparts.Nowyouplay

SherlockHolmesanexcitingrole.Youhypothesize.Inlightofcontextorwordparts,you

trytosolveamystery.Whatexactlydoesthatstrangewordmean?Onlyafteryougo

throughthementalgymnasticstocomeupwithatentativedefinitionshouldyouopenthe

dictionarytoseeifyou'reright.Afterall,thosefirsttwostepsorapproachessparka

strongerthanusualinterestinthatdictionarydefinition.You'renowpersonallyinvolved.

Didyoufigureoutthewordmeaning?Yourheightenedinterestwillleadtoabetter

memoryofbothwordandmeaning.Italsoencouragesyourdevelopmentofthehabits

neededtoaccelerateyourprogress.Andwhenyouseeinblackandwhitethedefinition

youhadexpected,whatafeelingofaccomplishmentisyours.Inthatway,theCPD

Formulaprovidestheexactdynamicinterplayofapproachesfbrmaximumeffectiveness.

Well,thereitis,yournewformulaContext,Parts,Dictionary.Useit!Theexercisesthat

followwillgiveyouspecific,step-by-stephelpinsharpeningyourawarenessof

contextualclues,learningthemostusefulwordparts,andusingthedictionarywith

increasedaccuracyandease.Theresultswillbelikethemoneyinthebank.

2、Thispassageismeanttoteachreadershowtoenlargetheirvocabulariesbymeansof

theCPDFormula.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：综合文章的三个小标题可知本文是教读者如何使用theCPDformula

来扩大词汇量的。答案为［Y］。

3、PaulT.Rankinfoundthattheaverageindividualspentmostofhiswakingtime

reading,writing,speakingorlistening.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这是关于PaulT.Rankin对人如何使用时间的研究发现的表述，故可

定位于第一段。根据第一段最后两句可判断本题为［Y］。

4、TheresearchfindingsoftheHumanEngineeringLaboratoriesshowedthatincomes

andvocabulariesarecloselyrelated.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这是关于HumanEngineeringLaboralories的发现的表述，故可定位于

第二段。根据第二段第二句的后半部分theydiscoveredthatbigincomesandbig

vocabulariesgotogether可判断本题为［Y］。

5、Intelligenceisthemostimportantfactorinreadingcomprehension.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是对阅读中影响因素的表述，可定位于第四段。根据第四段第五、

六句可知，vocabulary对阅读的影响要大于inlelligence,可判断本题为［N］。

6、Moststudentswillconsultthedictionarywhentheyencounteranewword,whichis

ofgreathelptothem.

A、Y

B、N

C>NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是关于阅读时查字典的表述，故可定位于ThroughtheDictionary这

一部分，根据其第一句话可判断本题为［N］。

7、Throughwordparts,youcanbuildyouvocabularyuptoathousandwordsatatime.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这是关于wordparts的表述，故可定位于ThroughWordParts这一部

分。根据ThroughWordParts这个小标题卜的第三段最后一句"Withthoseamazingly

usefulshortcuts,youCallbuildvocabulary,notasnail'space,onewordatatime,

butingiantstrides,uptoathousandwordsatatime.”可判断本题为［Y］。

8、Readersshouldconsultthedictionarylastbutnotfirstbecauseitcoststoomuchtime.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这是关于阅读时查字典的表述，故町定位于ThroughtheDictionary这

一部分。根据ThroughtheDictionary这个小标题下的内容可知其原因不是时间而问

题，故本题答案为［N］。

9、Ifonehasalargervocabulary,heorshewillbeabetterthinkerandabetter.

标准答案：communicators

知识点解析：这是对词汇量大的好处的描述，故可定位于第三段。根据第三段第四

句Ifthatisso,newwordsmakeusbetterthinkersaswellascommunicators可知本题

答案。

10、JustlikeHybridcorn,theCPDformulashouldalsoensure.

标准答案：maximumresults

知识点解析：这是勺扩大词汇量的一种综合方法的总体表述，可定位于文章前面部

分。根据第六段第三句Ahybridapproachtovocabularyshould,inthesameway,

ensuremaximumresults可知本题答案。

11、Byusingcontextandwordparts,readers5heightenedinterestwillleadto.

标准答案：abettermemoryofbothwordandmeaning

知识点解析；题干既含wordparts又含contexts,因此不可能在这两部分找到，只

可能在文章的整体介绍部分成ThroughtheDictionary这一部分中介绍什么时候使用

这种方法的时候才会出现。根据ThroughtheDictionary这个小标题下的第二段第四

句Yourheightenedinterestwillleadtoabettermemoryofbothwordandmeaning可知

本题答案。

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题1.0分，共8分0）

12、

A、Themanandwomanstudythesamecourse.

B、Jimlivesnearertotheuniversitythantheman.

C>ThemanlivesnearertotheuniversitythanJim.

D^Themanandwomanlivetogether.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：M:I'mgoingtoseeJim.Weneedtodiscusstoday'slecture.W:Helives

faraway.Nexttimeyoushouldbothgotoyourplaceafteralecture.Q:Whichofthe

followingiscertainlytrue?

13、

Thebank.

B、Thecarpark.

C、Thelake.

D、Theoffice.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：M:Excuseme,couldyoutellmehowIfindBauhausPlaza?W:Bauhaus

Plaza...hmmm...yes,sure.It'soverbythelakeontheothersideofthispark.Q:Where

isBauhausPlazanearto?

14、

A、112.

B、117.

C>132.

D、123.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：W:Hithem.Iwaswonderingifyoucouldhelpme.I'mtryingtogetto

MarbleGardens.DoyouknowwhichbusIshouldtake?M:Yes,ofcourse.Youshould

takebus123andchangetobus112atHomesStreet.Q:Whichbusshouldshetakefirst?

15、

A^Alongtime,it'saquietarea.

B>Notlong,it?sabusyarea.

C^5minutes.

D^30minutesorso.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：W:WillIhavetowaitlongforabus?M:Notatall!The333comespast

thereallthetime.It'saverybusyarea.Q:Howlongwillthewomanhavetowait?

16、

A、Shethinksshehasbrokenherarm.

B、Shehasanupsetstomach.

C^Shethinksshehasbrokenherleg.

D、Shehasabadcold.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：M:OK.Everyonetakesascatoverthereandyoucanseeadoctorwhen

it'syourturn.IfthedoctorthinksthatitcouldbebrokenthenhewillsendyouovertoX-

ray.W:HowlongwillIhavetowait?Myleghurts!Tminpain!Q:Whatiswrongwith

thewoman?

17、

A、Becauseshehasnothingelsetodothatevening.

B、Becauseshelikestheman.

C、Becauseshehasoncereadabookwrittenbytheman.

D、Becausesheisinterestedinthetopicofthelecture.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:M:Areyougoingtolistentotheguestspeakerthisevening?W:I

certainlyam.He'sspeakingonatopicclosetomyheart.Q:Whyisthewomangoingto

listentotheguestspeaker?

18、

A、Arestaurant.

B、Abar.

C、Alibrary.

D、Aclassroom.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：M:Thatwasagreatdinner,I'mreallyfull!W:Yes,metoo.Shallweget

thebill?Q:Whatistheprobableplaceofthisconversation?

19、

A、Themenu.

B、Thebill.

C^Thewinelist.

D、Thespecialfoodoftheday.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:W:Iwonderwhatthedailyspecialsarc.M:Ididn'tseeaspecialsboard,

solet'saskthewaiter.Excuseme,waiter,whatarcthespecialstoday?Q:Whatarcthey

askingfor?

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题7.0

分，共3分。）

20、

A^Apoet.

B、Anovel.

C、Thephysicstest.

D^Theoralpresentation.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A、logooutforexercise.

Togooutforshopping.

C^TogotothelibrarytoborrowabookonWilliamCarlosWilliams.

D、Tohelpthewomanwithheroralpresentation.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、

A、Intheclassroom.

B、Inthedinninghall.

C、Inthewoman'sroom.

D、Intheman'sroom.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分,共4分。）

23、

A、ThegirPsfather

Thegirfsteacher.

C、ThegirPsfriend.

D、Aninterviewer.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、

A、Separatingdifferenttypesofgarbage.

B>Disposingoftrashproperly.

C>Havingafamilyclean-upparty.

D、Placingmoretrashcansonthestreets.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

25、

A、Savemoney.

B、Cutdownonwaste.

C、Protecttheforests.

D、Keeptheenvironmentclean.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

26、

A、Visitarecyclingcenter.

Cleananeighbourhoodpark.

C、Collectnewspapers.

D、Meetherfriendsinherneighbourhood.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题7.0

分，共6分。）

27>

A、Gatheringnon-relevantmaterials.

B、Stealinganotherperson'sidea.

C、Sharingnoteswithsomeoneelse.

D、Handinginassignmentslate.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Whatdoesthespeakerwarnthestudentsagainstdoing?

28、

A、Inthestudent^ownwords.

B>Indirectquotations.

C^Inshortphrases.

D、Inshorthand.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：Accordingtothespeaker,howshouldmostofthenotesbetaken?

29、

A、Itshouldbeassimilatedthoroughly.

B、Itshouldbeenclosedinquotationmarks.

C、Itshouldbeparaphrasedbythestudent.

D、Itshouldbeauthorizedbytheauthor.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Whatdoesthespeakersayadirectquotationshouldbeused?

30、

A、Crimescommittedbyyoungpeople.

B、Crimescommittedbyneedypeople.

C、Influenceonyoungpeople.

D、Stealingandviolence.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

31、

A、Theyarcusuallypoorandinneed.

B、Theydonothaveasmuchfreedomormoneyastheywant.

C^Theyliveinanenvironmentwhereeverybodyknowseachother.

D^Theyarcnotsatisfiedwiththeadultworld.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、

A、Thefamilyandtheschool.

B、Theadultsandthemassmedia.

C、Thesocietyandtheyoungpeople.

D、Theyoungpeoplethemselves.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

七、听力短文（含4小题）（本题共［题，每题7.0

分，共［分。）

33、

A、shortageofdays.

B、superstition.

C、inabilitytodividetheyear.

D、toomanymonths.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此题考查对所听内容的理解能力。题干中的“encounter”意为“遭遇”与

“complicaled”意为“使...复杂”，有语意上的重叠关系。

八、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题7.0分，共

“分。）

Moreandmoreforeignstudentsexperiencetheirindependentlifeinthequesttogaina

westerneducation.Theyaresurroundedbyan[Bl]culture,environmentand

socialnorms,whilebeingawayfromfamilyandfriends.Whatwould[B2]

overseasstudentsdointheirpreparationstostudyoverseas?Gettoknowyour

newhomebeforeyoulandinit.Thereisno[B3]forgoodpreparation.Ann

yourselfwithbackgroundknowledgeby[B4]informationaboutthecountry

youaregoingto.Learningaboutthehistory,culture,tradition,languageandeven[B5]

suchasfood,music,transport,weatherandsocialactivitiesofyournewhost

countryareall[B6].ThankstotheInternet,mostofthiscanbefoundatthe

[B7]ofabutton.Attitudeiseverything.Don't[B8]thepowerofthe

mindindetermininghoweventsturnout.Decidehowtoapproachanysituation,before

youareplacedinit.Forexample,[B9]Packusingyourheadandyourheart.

Itsnoteasybeingpracticalwhendecidingwhattopack.Whateveryoubring,[BIO]

.Thisincludespracticalitemssuchasstudymaterials,oldclassnotes,favorite

textbooksorpensandeventhecontactdetailsofpreviousteachers.[Bill.

34、[Bl]

标准答案：unfamiliar

知识点解析：此空位于名词cullure之前，应该填入一个形容词。unfamiliar意为

“不熟悉的，生疏的”。

35、[B2]

标准答案：prospective

知识点解析：止[空位于名词短语overseasstudents之前，应该填入形容词。

prospective意为“未来的

36、[B3]

标准答案：substitute

知识点解析：此空位于否定词no之后，应该填入名词。substitute意为“代替者”。

37、[B4]

标准答案：researching

知识点解析：此空位于介词by之后，名词informalion之前，应该填入动词的现在

分词。research意为"研究”。

38、[B5]

标准答案：details

知识点解析：此空和language并列，应该填入一个名词。deiail意为“明细”。

39、[B6]

标准答案：essential

知识点解析：此空位于系动词are之后，应该填入一个形容词作表语。essen-tial意

为“必不可少的”。

40、[B7]

标准答案：click

知识点解析：此空位于介词词组之中，应该填入一个名词。click意为“点击”。

41、[B8]

标准答案；underestimate

知识点解析：此空位于名词之前，应该填入动词。underestimate意为“低估”。

42、[B9]

标准答案：apositiveattitudetowardyournewhomeandhostswillbringpositive

results

知识点解析：positiveattitude,hosts

43、[BIO]

标准答案：makesurethatwillbesomethingthatyouthinkmighthelpyourchancesof

succeeding

知识点解析：makesure,succeeding

44、[Bill

标准答案：Itemssuchasanalbumwithphotographsoffamilycanhelpyoufeelcloser

tohome

知识点解析：album,photographs

九、阅读（选词填空）（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共

10分。）

With950millionpeople,IndiarankssecondtoChinaamongthemostpopulous（人口多

的）countries.ButsinceChinalaunchedafamilyplanningprogramin1971,Indiahas

been[SI]thegap.Indianshavereducedtheirbirthratebutnotnearlyasmuch

astheChinesehave.Ifcurrentgrowthratescontinue,India'spopulationWill[S2]

China'saroundtheyear2028atabout1.7billion.Shouldthathappen,itwon'tbe

the[S3]oftheenlightenedwomenofKerala,astateinsouthernIndia.While

Indiaasawholeaddsalmost20millionpeopleayear,Kerala'spopulationisvirtually

[S4].Thereasonisno[S5]:nearlytwothirdsofKeralawomen

practicebirthcontrol,comparedwithabout40%intheentirenation.Thedifferencelies

intheemphasisputonhealthprograms,includingbirthcontrol,bythestateauthorities.

Andaneducationaltraditionandmatrilineal（母系的）customsinpartsofKeralahelpgirls

andboysget[S6]goodschooling.WhileoneinthreeIndianwomenis[S7]

,90%ofthoseinKeralacanreadandwrite.Higherliteracyrates[S8]

familyplanning."Unlikeourparents,weknowthatwecandomoreforour

childrenifwehavefewerofthem/'saysLeilaCherian.33,wholivesinthevillageof

Kudamaloor.Shehaslimitedherselftothreechildren——onebelowthe[S9]

averageoffour.Thatkindofrestraint（抑制；克制）willkeepKeralafromputting

added[S10]onworldfoodsupplies.[A]stable[F]flexible[K]foster[B]

widening[G]closing[L]mystery[C]educated[H]exceed[M]national[D]pressure[I]

equally[N]advocate[E]fault[J]general[O]officially

45、[SI]

标准答案:G

知识点解析•：开篇句指出中国人口最多，印度次之，隐含的意思是两国之间有差

距；空格所在句中But语义转折，指出中国于1971年开始实行计划生育，导致的

结果肯定是中国人口增加速度在减慢，这样印度就在缩小与中国人口之间的差距，

故选[G]closing“缩小”而不是Bwidening。本题同时提醒大家注意dose/widen与

gap的搭配关系，可以与g叩搭配的动词还有narrow,bridge等。

46、[S2]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：本空需要填入一个及物动词。联系上文，第一段一直在将印度人口与

中国人口数量做比较，上一句已经指出，印度对人口出生率虽有控制，但不如中国

那么有成效。木句假设的情况是“如果按现在的人口出生率继续增长下去“，推测导

致的结果可能就是印度的人口会在2028年超过中国，故选[H]exceed“超过”。

47、[S3]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：本题需要与50题联系起来解答，同时从语篇角度分析。本段转入对

Kerala州人口增长状况与全国人口增长状况的比较。联系下文可看出，此州的人口

状况比全国的人口增长稳定，因此空铭所在句说明，即使印度的人口再飞速增长，

也不是因为这个州妇女口勺过错，因为该州人口增长并不快，故选[E]。

48、[S4]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：注意空格所在句的句间关系，while提示主从句之间进行对照，从句

用数字（20millionpeopleayear）说明印度全国人口增长速度过快，那么对照而言，

Kerala人口的增长应该是相对稳定,即选Astable,排除[F]flexible。

49、[S5]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：冒号后的句子是对Thereason（即Kenda人口相对稳定的原因）的说

明，既然已经明确指出，那说明此原因就是公开的，而不是神秘的，所以选[L]

mystery"神秘"，nomystery相当于notmysteriouso

50、[S6]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：本空需要二真入一个副词，equally与officially均可以入选，但从语义

上分析•，但根据句内隐含的因果关系，既然Kerala州有教育的传统和母系氏族的

习俗，就不难判断出，此州的女孩能得到和男孩同样好的教育，所以选equally"相

等的，平等的“，排除officially"官方地，正式地”。

51、[S7]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本句比较的是Kerala州与整个印度妇女的教育状况，所填词与后面

的readandwnte表达的意思相同，表示受教育的，所以选Ceducated。

52、[S8]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：本题考查词语的搭配关系，所填词的主语是higheMitcracyrates,宾

语是familyplanning,更高的文化水平自然有助于进行人口控制，所以选foster”培

养，鼓励干扰项[N]advocate"提倡，鼓吹”与主观性名词搭配，即多以人作为主

语，而不能是要句中的higherliteracyrateso

53、[S9]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：选此题时不要脱离语境，既然是Kerala州人口与全国人口的对比，

因此应该填入|M|national而不是general0

54、[S10]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题考醒词语的搭配关系，填入的名词用于add...on结构，故选

pressure,这种克制（即计划生育）将使得Kerala不会对世界食品供应再施加压力。

十、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共10题，每题1.0

分,共10分。）

Judgingfromrecentsurveys,mostexpertsinsleepbehaviouragreethatthereisvirtually

anepidemicofsleepinessinthenation.can'tthinkofasinglestudythathasn'tfound

Americansgettinglesssleepthantheyoughtto,"saysDr.David.Evenpeoplewhothink

theyaresleepingenoughwouldprobablybebetteroffwithmorerest.Thebeginningof

ourslccp-dcflcitcrisescanbetracedtotheinventionofthelightbulbacenturyago.

Fromdiaryentriesandotherpersonalaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturies,sleep

scientistshavereachedtheconclusionthattheaveragepersonusedtosleepabout9.5

hoursanight."Thebestsleephabitsoncewereforcedonus,whenwehadnothingtodo

intheeveningdownonthefarm,anditwasdark.**Bythe1950sand1960s,thesleep

schedulehadbeenreduceddramatically,tobetween7.5andeighthours,andmostpeople

hadtowaketoanalarmclock."Peoplecheatintheirsleep,andtheydon'tevenrealize

they'redoingit,"saysDr.David."Theythinkthey'reokaybecausetheycangetbyon6.5

hours,whentheyreallyneed7.5,eightorevenmoretofeelideallyvigorous."Perhaps

themostmercilessrobberofsleep,researcherssay,isthecomplexityoftheday.

Wheneverpressuresfromwork,family,friendsandcommunitymount,manypeople

considersleep（heleastexpensiveitemonhisprogramme.HInoursociety,you're

considereddynamicifyousayyouonlyneed5.5hours'sleep.Ifyou'vegottoget8.5

hours,peoplethinkyoulackdriveandambition.'1Todeterminetheconsequencesof

sleep-deficit,researchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicaland

performancetestsrequiringthem,forinstance,toaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecalla

passagereadtothemonlyminutesearlier."Wc'vcfoundthatifyou'reinsleepdeficit,

performancesuffers,"saysDr.David."Short-termmemoryisweakened,asareabilities

tomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate.*'

55、Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

A、Researchontheconsequencesofsleep-deficit.

B、Theepidemicofsleepinessinthemodemtimes.

C、Thehistoryofpeople'ssleepingpatterns.

D、Theminimumofoursleepinghours.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第一段点题：美国国内普遍存在的睡眠不足现象，接下来的几个

段分别从睡眠不足的起因和结果来阐述这一土题。选项A）是对文章最后一个段的

概括，不全面；选项C）只是在文章第二段有所提及，用比较的方法来说明现代人

睡眠不足的现象，不是文章的主题；选项D）也只是在第二段中有所提及。

56、WhichofthefollowingisDr.David'sopinion?

A、Peoplewhothinktheyaresleepingenougharebetteroffthanthosewhodon't.

B、Somepeoplecanremainvigorouswithonly6.5hours'sleepanight.

C、Iftheyget8.5hours'sleep,peoplewillbefullofdriveandambition.

D、People'smentalpowersuffersiftheyareinsleepdeficit.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章最后一段讲到睡眠不足对人们的影响时引用了Dr.David的话：

我们发现如果你的睡眠不足，那么你的表现就会不佳，你的短期记忆力将减弱，同

时决策能力会降低，也更难集中精力，由此可知D）正确。选项A）是对文章第一段

最后一句话的误解；选项B）和。是对文章第二段最后一句话的误解。

57>Peopleinthe1thand1thcenturiessleptabout.hoursanightbecause.

A、theywereforcedbytheirparentstodoso

B、theyknewwhatwasbestfortheirhealth

C^theyhadtodosobecauseoftheirlifestyleandthelackofelectricity

D、theywerenotsodynamicandambitiousasmodempeoplearc

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第二段第一句指出，我们睡眠不足这一危机始源于一个世纪以前

电灯的发明。接着在第三句讲到，以前那些最好的睡眠习惯是强加于我们的，因为

那时我们在晚上无事可做，而且没有电灯，一片漆黑，由此可知选项C）正确。

58、Themajorcauseofsleep-deficitofmodempeopleis.

A^theendlessTVprogrammeintheevenings

B、heavyworkloadoftheday

C、sufficientenergymodempeopleusuallyhave

D、loudnoisesinthemodemcities

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第三段明确指出：研究人员认为，也许最残忍的睡眠剥夺者就是

白天的繁杂琐事（complexityoftheday）,包括来自工作、家庭、朋友以及社区的压

力等，所以B）为正确答案。文章虽然提到电的发明使得人们的睡眠日益减少；但

并没有指出这是主要原因，而且文中也没有提到电视节目，所以排除A）；根据交

章第二和第三段可知，每个人所需要的睡眠时间事实上是相当的，有的人自吹睡

五、六个小时即可，为的是让别人以为自己非常有活力和动力，但实际是自欺欺

人，所以排除C）；选项D）文章没有提及。

59、Whatdoestheword"subjects"（Line1,Para.）mean?

A、Personorthingthatisbeingdiscussedordescribed.

B、Branchofknowledgestudiedinaschool.

C^Personorthingbeingtreatedinacertainwayorbeingexperimentedon.

D、AnymemberofaStateapartfromthesupremeruler.

标准答案：c

知识点常析：这句话的状语从句的意思是：确定睡眠不足的后果，而主句又提到心

理和实际表现测试，由此可推知subjects的意思应该与实验有关，而后面的现在分

词短语更明确地说明了subjects所要做的事情：数字计算、背诵文章等，由此通过

排除法可知选项C）“受实验者，受治疗者，临床医学研究的对象”为答案。根据

requiring后面所表示的动作可知subjects应该是可以实施这些动作的施动者，即必

须是人，所以排除A）和B）；选项D）和实验没有关系。

Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies-andothercreatures-leamto

dothingsbecausecertainactsleadto"rewards*';andthereisnoreasontodoubtthatthis

istrue.Butitusedalsotobewidelybelievedthateffectiverewards,atleastintheearly

stages,hadtobedirectlyrelatedtosuchbasicphysiological（生理的）"drives"asthirstor

hunger.Inotherwords,ababywouldlearnifhegotfoodordrinkorsomesortof

physicalcomfort,nototherwise.Itisnowclearthatthisisnotso.Babieswilllearnto

behaveinwaysthatproduceresultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessful

outcome.Papousekbeganhisstudiesbyusingmilkinthenormalwayto"reward*'the

babiesandsotaughtthemtocarryoutsomesimplemovements,suchasturningthehead

toonesideortheother.Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadhadenoughtodrinkwould

refusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsof

pleasure.Sohebegantostudythechildren'sresponsesinsituationswherenomilkwas

provided.Hequicklyfbundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturn

theirheadstorightorleftifthemovement"switchedon"adisplayoflights-andindeed

thattheywerecapableoflearningquitecomplexturnstobringaboutthisresult,for

instance,twoleftortworight,oreventomakeasmanyasthreeturnstooneside.

Papousek'slightdisplaywasplaceddirectlyinfrontofthebabiesandhemadethe

interestingobservationthatsometimestheywouldnotturnbacktowatchthelights

closelyalthoughtheywould"smileandbubble"whenthedisplaycameon.Papousek

concludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightofthelightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthe

successtheywereachievinginsolvingtheproblem,inmasteringtheskill,andthatthere

existsafundamentalhumanurgetomakesenseoftheworldandbringitunder

intentionalcontrol.

60、Accordingtotheauthor,babieslearntodothingswhich.

A、aredirectlyrelatedtopleasure

B、willmeettheirphysicalneeds

C、willbringthemafeelingofsuccess

D、willsatisfytheircuriosity

标准答案：C

知识点解析：观点态度题。文章的第一段阐述的是以往人们的误解，而A）、B）表

达的正是这种错误的认：只，所以不对。第二段中说到“Babieswilllearntobehavein

waysthatproduceresultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessfuloutcome（孩

子们会学会自己行为的方式，这种方式在世界上带来的结果，并不是奖励，而是成

功）”，从此句可以判断选C）。

61>Papouseknoticedinhisstudiesthatababy.

A、w