2025年清华对外国免除笔试及答案

2025年清华对外国免除笔试及答案

一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Theprocessbywhichasubstancechangesfromaliquidtoagasiscalled:A.CondensationB.EvaporationC.FreezingD.Sublimation2.Whichofthefollowingisarenewableenergysource?A.CoalB.NaturalgasC.SolarenergyD.Nuclearenergy3.Theprimaryfunctionofthemitochondriainacellisto:A.StoregeneticinformationB.PerformphotosynthesisC.GenerateenergyD.Synthesizeproteins4.Intheperiodictable,elementsarearrangedinorderofincreasing:A.AtomicmassB.AtomicnumberC.ElectronegativityD.Electronaffinity5.Thechemicalsymbolforgoldis:A.AgB.AuC.GoD.Gd6.Theprocessofphotosynthesisprimarilyoccursin:A.RootsB.LeavesC.StemsD.Flowers7.ThemaincomponentoftheEarth'satmosphereis:A.OxygenB.NitrogenC.CarbondioxideD.Helium8.ThestudyoftheEarth'sphysicalstructureandsubstanceisknownas:A.OceanographyB.GeologyC.MeteorologyD.Biology9.TheforcethatpullsobjectstowardthecenteroftheEarthis:A.MagnetismB.GravityC.FrictionD.Tension10.Theprocessbywhichplantsandanimalsreturntotheenvironmentafterdeathiscalled:A.FossilizationB.DecompositionC.PhotosynthesisD.Respiration二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Thebasicunitofmatteristhe________.2.Theboilingpointofwateratstandardatmosphericpressureis________degreesCelsius.3.Thechemicalformulaforcarbondioxideis________.4.Theprocessofwaterturningintoiceiscalled________.5.Thestudyofstarsandcelestialbodiesiscalled________.6.Themaingasthatcontributestothegreenhouseeffectis________.7.Thesmallestunitofanelementthatretainsitschemicalpropertiesisthe________.8.Theforcethatopposesthemotionofobjectsiscalled________.9.Theprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergyiscalled________.10.ThestudyoftheEarth'satmosphereiscalled________.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分）1.TheMoonorbitstheEarth.2.Waterboilsat100degreesCelsiusatsealevel.3.Fishcanbreatheunderwaterusinggills.4.TheSunisastar.5.Treesperformphotosynthesis.6.TheEarthisflat.7.Gravityisaforceofattractionbetweenobjectswithmass.8.Thehumanbodyismadeupofcells.9.Theperiodictableisorganizedbyatomicnumber.10.Cloudsaremadeofwatervapor.四、简答题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Describetheprocessofphotosynthesisinplants.2.Explainthedifferencebetweenrenewableandnon-renewableenergysources.3.Whatistheroleofthemitochondriainacell?4.DiscusstheimportanceofthegreenhouseeffectonEarth'sclimate.五、讨论题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Howdoesthestructureoftheperiodictablehelpscientistsunderstandthepropertiesofelements?2.Whatarethemaincausesofclimatechangeandhowcantheybemitigated?3.DiscussthesignificanceofthestudyofgeologyinunderstandingtheEarth'shistory.4.Explaintheimportanceofthestudyofbiologyinmaintaininghumanhealth.答案和解析一、单项选择题答案1.B2.C3.C4.B5.B6.B7.B8.B9.B10.B二、填空题答案1.Atom2.1003.CO24.Freezing5.Astronomy6.Carbondioxide7.Atom8.Friction9.Photosynthesis10.Meteorology三、判断题答案1.True2.True3.True4.True5.True6.False7.True8.True9.True10.True四、简答题答案1.Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy.Duringphotosynthesis,plantsusesunlight,carbondioxide,andwatertoproduceglucose(sugar)andoxygen.Theglucoseisusedbytheplantforenergyandgrowth,whileoxygenisreleasedintotheatmosphere.2.Renewableenergysourcesarethosethatcanbereplenishednaturallyandaresustainableoverthelongterm,suchassolarenergy,windenergy,andhydroelectricpower.Non-renewableenergysourcesarethosethatarefiniteandwilleventuallybedepleted,suchascoal,naturalgas,andoil.3.Themitochondriaareoftenreferredtoasthe"powerhouses"ofthecellbecausetheygeneratemostofthecell'ssupplyofadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),whichisusedasasourceofchemicalenergy.4.ThegreenhouseeffectisanaturalprocessthatwarmstheEarth'ssurface.TheEarthabsorbssolarradiationandthenradiatesitbackintotheatmosphereasheat.Greenhousegases,suchascarbondioxide,methane,andwatervapor,trapsomeofthisheatandpreventitfromescapingintospace,thuswarmingtheEarth.ThisisessentialformaintainingtheEarth'sclimateandsupportinglife.However,excessivegreenhousegasemissionscanleadtoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.五、讨论题答案1.Thestructureoftheperiodictablehelpsscientistsunderstandthepropertiesofelementsbyorganizingthembasedontheiratomicnumber,electronconfiguration,andchemicalproperties.Elementsinthesamegrouphavesimilarproperties,andtheperiodictrends,suchasatomicradiusandelectronegativity,provideinsightsintothebehaviorofelements.2.Themaincausesofclimatechangeincludetheburningoffossilfuels,deforestation,andindustrialprocesses,whichreleaselargeamountsofgreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.Mitigationstrategiesincludeincreasingtheuseofrenewableenergysources,improvingenergyefficiency,reforestation,andinternationalagreementstoreducegreenhousegasemissions.3.ThestudyofgeologyissignificantinunderstandingtheEarth'shistorybecauseitprovidesins