电子信号设备中英文对照手册

电子信号设备中英文对照手册引言(Introduction)在电子信号处理与设备应用的广阔领域，准确理解和运用专业术语是高效沟通与技术实践的基石。本手册旨在为相关从业者、学习者提供一份便捷的参考工具，涵盖电子信号设备中常见的核心术语及其中英文对照与简要释义。我们力求术语的准确性与实用性，希望能助您在阅读英文资料、参与国际交流或日常技术工作中一臂之力。请注意，部分术语可能因应用场景或厂商习惯略有差异，建议结合具体上下文理解。一、通用基础术语(General&FundamentalTerms)*信号(Signal)：承载信息的电物理量，如电压、电流或电磁波。Anelectricalquantity(voltage,current,orelectromagneticwave)thatcarriesinformation.*模拟信号(AnalogSignal)：在时间和幅度上均连续变化的信号。Asignalthatvariescontinuouslyintimeandamplitude.*数字信号(DigitalSignal)：在时间和幅度上离散取值的信号，通常用二进制表示。Asignalthattakesdiscretevaluesintimeandamplitude,typicallyrepresentedinbinaryform.*电压(Voltage)：两点之间的电势差，单位为伏特(V)。Theelectricpotentialdifferencebetweentwopoints,measuredinVolts(V).*电流(Current)：电荷的定向移动，单位为安培(A)。Theflowofelectriccharge,measuredinAmperes(A).*频率(Frequency)：单位时间内信号周期变化的次数，单位为赫兹(Hz)。Thenumberofcyclesasignalundergoesperunittime,measuredinHertz(Hz).*振幅(Amplitude)：信号在振动过程中偏离平衡位置的最大距离，表征信号的强度。Themaximumdisplacementofasignalfromitsequilibriumposition,indicatingsignalstrength.*相位(Phase)：描述信号在周期内特定时刻位置的量度。Ameasuredescribingthepositionofapointwithinawavecycleataspecifictime.*功率(Power)：单位时间内所做的功或能量转换的速率，单位为瓦特(W)。Therateatwhichworkisdoneorenergyistransferred,measuredinWatts(W).二、信号发生与激励(SignalGeneration&Stimulation)*信号发生器(SignalGenerator)：能产生各种波形电信号的设备。Adevicethatproducesvarioustypesofelectricalwaveforms.*函数发生器(FunctionGenerator)：可产生正弦波、方波、三角波等多种标准函数波形的信号发生器。Atypeofsignalgeneratorthatcanproducestandardwaveformssuchassine,square,andtrianglewaves.*任意波形发生器(ArbitraryWaveformGenerator-AWG)：能够产生用户自定义或任意形状波形的高级信号发生器。Anadvancedsignalgeneratorcapableofproducinguser-definedorarbitraryshapedwaveforms.*脉冲发生器(PulseGenerator)：专门产生脉冲信号的设备。Adevicespecificallydesignedtogeneratepulsesignals.*射频信号发生器(RFSignalGenerator)：工作在射频频段的信号发生器。Asignalgeneratoroperatingintheradiofrequency(RF)range.*扫频发生器(SweepGenerator)：输出信号的频率能在一定范围内自动或手动连续变化的发生器。Ageneratorwhoseoutputfrequencyvariescontinuouslyoverarange,eitherautomaticallyormanually.三、信号分析与测量(SignalAnalysis&Measurement)*示波器(Oscilloscope/Scope)：显示电信号随时间变化波形的仪器，用于观察和测量信号的幅度、周期、频率等参数。Aninstrumentusedtovisualizeandmeasuretheamplitude,period,frequency,andotherparametersofelectricalsignalsastheyvaryovertime.*网络分析仪(NetworkAnalyzer)：用于测量电子网络（如滤波器、放大器、天线）参数（如S参数）的仪器。Aninstrumentusedtomeasuretheparameters(e.g.,S-parameters)ofelectronicnetworkssuchasfilters,amplifiers,andantennas.*万用表(Multimeter)：可测量电压、电流、电阻等多种电学量的便携式仪表。Aportableinstrumentusedtomeasuremultipleelectricalquantitiessuchasvoltage,current,andresistance.*功率计(PowerMeter)：测量信号功率的仪器。Aninstrumentusedtomeasurethepowerofasignal.*频率计/计数器(FrequencyCounter/Counter)：测量信号频率或周期的仪器。Aninstrumentusedtomeasurethefrequencyorperiodofasignal.*逻辑分析仪(LogicAnalyzer)：用于观察和分析数字电路中多路逻辑信号时序关系的仪器。Aninstrumentusedtoobserveandanalyzethetimingrelationshipsofmultiplelogicsignalsindigitalcircuits.四、信号处理与转换(SignalProcessing&Conversion)*放大器(Amplifier)：能将输入信号的幅度或功率增强的电子设备。Anelectronicdevicethatincreasestheamplitudeorpowerofaninputsignal.*滤波器(Filter)：对不同频率的信号进行选择性通过或衰减的电路或设备。Acircuitordevicethatselectivelypassesorattenuatessignalsofdifferentfrequencies.*低通滤波器(Low-PassFilter-LPF)：允许低频信号通过，衰减高频信号。Allowslow-frequencysignalstopasswhileattenuatinghigh-frequencysignals.*高通滤波器(High-PassFilter-HPF)：允许高频信号通过，衰减低频信号。Allowshigh-frequencysignalstopasswhileattenuatinglow-frequencysignals.*带通滤波器(Band-PassFilter-BPF)：允许特定频率范围内的信号通过。Allowssignalswithinaspecificfrequencyrangetopass.*带阻滤波器(Band-StopFilter/NotchFilter-BSF)：衰减特定频率范围内的信号。Attenuatessignalswithinaspecificfrequencyrange.*模数转换器(Analog-to-DigitalConverter-ADC)：将模拟信号转换为数字信号的电路或芯片。Acircuitorchipthatconvertsananalogsignalintoadigitalsignal.*数模转换器(Digital-to-AnalogConverter-DAC)：将数字信号转换为模拟信号的电路或芯片。Acircuitorchipthatconvertsadigitalsignalintoananalogsignal.*调制器(Modulator)：将信息信号加载到载波信号上的设备，改变载波的幅度、频率或相位。Adevicethatimpressesinformationontoacarriersignalbyvaryingitsamplitude,frequency,orphase.*解调器(Demodulator)：从已调制载波中恢复原始信息信号的设备。Adevicethatrecoverstheoriginalinformationsignalfromamodulatedcarrierwave.*衰减器(Attenuator)：有选择地降低信号幅度而不显著改变其波形的器件。Adevicethatselectivelyreducestheamplitudeofasignalwithoutsignificantlydistortingitswaveform.*锁相环(Phase-LockedLoop-PLL)：一种能使输出信号与输入参考信号保持相位同步的闭环控制系统。Aclosed-loopcontrolsystemthatsynchronizesthephaseofanoutputsignalwithareferenceinputsignal.*数字信号处理器(DigitalSignalProcessor-DSP)：专为快速实现各种数字信号处理算法而设计的微处理器。Amicroprocessorspecificallydesignedtoefficientlyimplementvariousdigitalsignalprocessingalgorithms.*逻辑门(LogicGate)：实现基本逻辑运算（如与、或、非）的数字电路基本单元。BasicbuildingblocksofdigitalcircuitsthatimplementBooleanlogicoperations(e.g.,AND,OR,NOT).*触发器(Flip-Flop)：一种具有记忆功能的双稳态电路，是构成数字寄存器和计数器的基本单元。Abistablecircuitwithmemorycapability,fundamentalforbuildingdigitalregistersandcounters.五、信号传输与接口(SignalTransmission&Interface)*电缆(Cable)：用于传输电信号或光信号的多股导线或光纤束，通常有绝缘和保护外皮。Abundleofwiresoropticalfibersusedtotransmitelectricaloropticalsignals,typicallywithinsulationandprotectiveoutercovering.*天线(Antenna)：用于发射或接收无线电波的装置。Adeviceusedtotransmitorreceiveradiowaves.*传输线(TransmissionLine)：用于在两点之间高效传输高频电信号的特殊电缆或结构（如同轴电缆、微带线）。Aspecializedcableorstructure(e.g.,coaxialcable,microstripline)usedtoefficientlytransmithigh-frequencyelectricalsignalsbetweentwopoints.*阻抗匹配(ImpedanceMatching)：调整电路或传输线的阻抗，使负载阻抗与源阻抗相等，以实现最大功率传输并减少反射。Adjustingtheimpedanceofacircuitortransmissionlinesothattheloadimpedanceequalsthesourceimpedance,ensuringmaximumpowertransferandminimizingreflections.*反射(Reflection)：当信号在传输线上遇到阻抗不连续点时，部分信号能量会被反射回源端的现象。Thephenomenonwherepartofthesignalenergyissentbacktowardsthesourcewhenasignalencountersanimpedancediscontinuityonatransmissionline.*串扰(Crosstalk)：一个信号线路上的信号对相邻线路产生不期望的电磁干扰。Unwantedelectromagneticinterferencefromonesignallinetoanadjacentline.*USB(UniversalSerialBus)：通用串行总线，一种广泛使用的高速串行数据传输接口。Awidelyusedhigh-speedserialdatatransferinterface.六、特定领域应用(Application-SpecificTerms)*雷达(Radar-RadioDetectionandRanging)：通过发射无线电波并接收其反射波来探测目标位