2026年医学英语词汇考试题集及解析

2026年医学英语词汇考试题集及解析一、选择题（共10题，每题2分，总计20分）题目：1.Thepatientpresentedwithacutemyocardialinfarction.Whichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribesthecondition?A.HeartattackB.StrokeC.ArrhythmiaD.Hypertension2.Agastriculcerwasdiagnosedduringendoscopy.Whichhormoneismostcommonlyassociatedwiththiscondition?A.InsulinB.ThyroxineC.GastrinD.Cortisol3.Thesurgeonperformedalaparoscopiccholecystectomy.Whatdoesthisprocedureinvolve?A.RemovaloftheappendixB.RepairoftheliverC.RemovalofthegallbladderD.Stomachstapling4.Thepatient’shypertensionwascontrolledwithmedication.Whichtermreferstohighbloodpressure?A.HypotensionB.DyslipidemiaC.HypertensivecrisisD.Atrialfibrillation5.Apancreatictumorwasdetectedviaimaging.Whichsymptomismostcommonlyassociatedwiththiscondition?A.WeightlossB.ShortnessofbreathC.JaundiceD.Alloftheabove6.Thephysicianorderedathromboelastogramtoassesscoagulation.Whatdoesthistestmeasure?A.BloodglucoselevelsB.PlateletaggregationC.KidneyfunctionD.Liverenzymes7.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithosteoporosis.Whichtermreferstoweakbones?A.OsteoarthritisB.OsteosarcomaC.RheumatoidarthritisD.Fracture8.Asigmoidoscopywasperformedtoexaminethecolon.Whichpartofthelargeintestineistargetedbythisprocedure?A.AscendingcolonB.DescendingcolonC.TransversecolonD.Cecum9.Thepatient’sdiabeteswasmanagedwithinsulintherapy.Whichtypeofdiabetesinvolvesinsulindeficiency?A.Type1diabetesB.Type2diabetesC.GestationaldiabetesD.Lactoseintolerance10.Abiopsyrevealedcarcinoma.Whichtermreferstocancerthatbeginsintheepithelialcells?A.SarcomaB.LeukemiaC.CarcinomaD.Lymphoma二、填空题（共10题，每题2分，总计20分）题目：1.Thepatient’sanemiawascausedbyirondeficiency.-________-________2.Thesurgeonperformedahysterectomytotreatendometrialcancer.-________-________3.Thephysicianprescribedmetforminfortype2diabetes.-________-________4.Thepatient’shypothyroidismwasconfirmedviaTSHtest.-________-________5.Afibroadenomawasdetectedinthebreast.-________-________6.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithatherosclerosis.-________-________7.Thepleuraleffusionwasdrainedusingathoracentesis.-________-________8.Themyocardialinfarctionwastreatedwiththrombolytictherapy.-________-________9.Thecolorectalpolypwasremovedduringsigmoidoscopy.-________-________10.Theprostate-specificantigen(PSA)testwasperformedforscreening.-________-________三、匹配题（共10题，每题2分，总计20分）题目：Matchthefollowingmedicaltermswiththeirdefinitions:1.A.MyocardialinfarctionA.Inflammationofthejoints2.B.RheumatoidarthritisB.Deathofheartmuscletissueduetoblockedbloodflow3.C.OsteoporosisC.Weakbonesduetocalciumloss4.D.SigmoidoscopyD.Examinationofthesigmoidcolon5.E.EndoscopyE.Visualexaminationofinternalbodystructures6.F.GastritisF.Inflammationofthestomachlining7.G.HypertensionG.Highbloodpressure8.H.CarcinomaH.Cancerofepithelialcells9.I.ThoracentesisI.Removaloffluidfromthepleuralcavity10.J.LaparoscopyJ.Examinationofabdominalorgansviaasmallincision四、简答题（共5题，每题4分，总计20分）题目：1.Define"myocardialinfarction"andexplainitscommoncauses.-________-________-________2.WhatisthedifferencebetweenType1andType2diabetes?-________-________-________3.Explainthepurposeofa"biopsy"inmedicaldiagnosis.-________-________-________4.Describethefunctionofthe"prostate-specificantigen(PSA)test."-________-________-________5.Whatarethemainsymptomsof"hypertension"andhowisittreated?-________-________-________五、翻译题（共5题，每题4分，总计20分）题目：TranslatethefollowingmedicalsentencesintoEnglish:1."Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(COPD)."-________2."Alaparoscopiccholecystectomywasperformedtoremovethegallbladder."-________3."Thephysicianorderedabloodglucosetesttomonitorthepatient’sdiabetes."-________4."Thepatient’sanemiawastreatedwithironsupplements."-________5."Abiopsyrevealedthepresenceofcarcinomainthebreasttissue."-________答案及解析一、选择题答案及解析1.A.Heartattack-解析：Myocardialinfarction（心肌梗死）即心脏病发作，是冠状动脉阻塞导致心肌缺血坏死。2.C.Gastrin-解析：Gastriculcer（胃溃疡）常由胃酸和胃泌素（Gastrin）过多引起。3.C.Removalofthegallbladder-解析：Laparoscopiccholecystectomy（腹腔镜胆囊切除术）是微创切除胆囊的手术。4.C.Hypertensivecrisis-解析：Hypertension（高血压）指血压持续高于正常水平，严重时可能引发高血压危象。5.D.Alloftheabove-解析：Pancreatictumor（胰腺肿瘤）可导致体重减轻、呼吸困难、黄疸等症状。6.B.Plateletaggregation-解析：Thromboelastogram（血栓弹力图）评估血小板聚集和凝血功能。7.B.Osteosarcoma-解析：Osteoporosis（骨质疏松）指骨密度降低，易骨折；Osteosarcoma（骨肉瘤）是骨癌。8.B.Descendingcolon-解析：Sigmoidoscopy（乙状结肠镜检查）观察直肠和乙状结肠下段。9.A.Type1diabetes-解析：Type1diabetes（1型糖尿病）因胰岛素缺乏需胰岛素治疗。10.C.Carcinoma-解析：Carcinoma（癌）指上皮细胞起源的恶性肿瘤。二、填空题答案及解析1.Anemia;Irondeficiency-解析：缺铁性贫血由铁摄入不足或吸收障碍引起。2.Hysterectomy;Endometrialcancer-解析：子宫切除术是治疗子宫内膜癌的常用方法。3.Metformin;Type2diabetes-解析：二甲双胍是治疗2型糖尿病的一线药物。4.Hypothyroidism;TSHtest-解析：促甲状腺激素（TSH）检测可诊断甲状腺功能减退。5.Fibroadenoma;Breast-解析：乳腺纤维腺瘤是常见的良性肿瘤。6.Atherosclerosis;Arterialplaquebuildup-解析：动脉粥样硬化是血管壁脂肪沉积导致的疾病。7.Pleuraleffusion;Thoracentesis-解析：胸腔穿刺术用于抽取胸腔积液。8.Myocardialinfarction;Thrombolytictherapy-解析：溶栓治疗用于心肌梗死急性期。9.Colorectalpolyp;Sigmoidoscopy-解析：乙状结肠镜可检测直肠和结肠息肉。10.Prostate-specificantigen;Screening-解析：PSA检测用于前列腺癌筛查。三、匹配题答案及解析1.B.Rheumatoidarthritis-解析：Rheumatoidarthritis（类风湿关节炎）是关节炎症性疾病。2.C.Osteoporosis-解析：Osteoporosis（骨质疏松）是骨骼变脆的疾病。3.D.Sigmoidoscopy-解析：Sigmoidoscopy（乙状结肠镜检查）用于结肠检查。4.E.Endoscopy-解析：Endoscopy（内窥镜检查）是可视化检查内部器官的技术。5.F.Gastritis-解析：Gastritis（胃炎）是胃黏膜炎症。6.G.Hypertension-解析：Hypertension（高血压）指血压过高。7.H.Carcinoma-解析：Carcinoma（癌）是上皮细胞癌症。8.I.Thoracentesis-解析：Thoracentesis（胸腔穿刺）是抽液手术。9.J.Laparoscopy-解析：Laparoscopy（腹腔镜检查）是微创腹部检查。10.A.Myocardialinfarction-解析：Myocardialinfarction（心肌梗死）是心脏供血中断。四、简答题答案及解析1.Definitionandcausesofmyocardialinfarction:-Myocardialinfarctionisthedeathofheartmuscletissueduetoblockedbloodflow.-Commoncausesincludecoronaryarterydisease,bloodclots,andhighbloodpressure.-Symptomsincludechestpain,shortnessofbreath,andsweating.2.DifferencebetweenType1andType2diabetes:-Type1diabetesisanautoimmunediseasewherethepancreasstopsproducinginsulin.-Type2diabetesiscausedbyinsulinresistanceandrelativeinsulindeficiency.-TreatmentforType1includesinsulin,whileType2maybemanagedwithlifestylechangesandmedication.3.Purposeofabiopsy:-Abiopsyisatissuesampleexamtodetectcancerorinfection.-Ithelpsconfirmadiagnosisanddeterminetreatmentoptions.-Typesincludeneedle,endoscopic,andsurgicalbiopsies.4.FunctionofthePSAtest:-ThePSAtestmeasuresprostate-specificantigenlevelsinblood.-Ithelpsscreenforprostatecancerandmonitortreatmenteffectiveness.-Highlevelsmayindicatecancerbutcanalsobeduetobenignconditions.5.Sympto