2026年化学专业英语翻译及词汇练习题

2026年化学专业英语翻译及词汇练习题一、词汇选择题（共10题，每题2分，计20分）说明：每题下列选项中只有一个是符合句意的最佳答案。1.Thecatalyticprocessinindustrialhydrogenproductionofteninvolves__________metaloxidestoenhanceefficiency.A.catalystsB.reactantsC.intermediatesD.byproducts2.Inpolymerchemistry,__________isacriticalparameterdeterminingthematerial’smechanicalstrength.A.solubilityB.viscosityC.crystallinityD.reactivity3.The__________ofasoluteinasolventdependsontemperatureandpressureaccordingtothephaseequilibriumtheory.A.solubilityB.volatilityC.adsorptionD.diffusion4.Quantumchemistryemploys__________tomodelmolecularelectronicstructures.A.classicalmechanicsB.statisticalthermodynamicsC.densityfunctionaltheoryD.kinematicequations5.The__________layerinbatteriespreventsshortcircuitsbyinsulatingtheelectrodes.A.electrolyteB.separatorC.cathodeD.anode6.__________isagreensolventwidelyusedinorganicsynthesisduetoitslowtoxicityandhighbiodegradability.A.DMSOB.DMFC.EthanolD.Glycerol7.Inanalyticalchemistry,__________techniquesarecommonlyusedfordetectingtracemetalionsinenvironmentalsamples.A.spectroscopyB.chromatographyC.titrationD.gravimetry8.The__________effectdescribesthetendencyofmoleculestoarrangethemselvesinanorderedstateatlowtemperatures.A.phasetransitionB.supercoolingC.crystallizationD.sublimation9.__________isaprocessinwhichaliquidturnsintoagaswithoutpassingthroughtheliquidstate.A.evaporationB.distillationC.sublimationD.condensation10.The__________lawstatesthatatconstanttemperature,thepressureofagasisinverselyproportionaltoitsvolume.A.Boyle’sB.Charles’sC.Avogadro’sD.Newton’s二、翻译填空题（共5题，每题4分，计20分）说明：将下列中文句子翻译成英文。1.在有机合成中，亲核试剂通过进攻电负性较低的碳原子来促进反应。→__________2.电化学储能装置中的电极材料需要具备高导电性和良好的结构稳定性。→__________3.分子间作用力对溶液的粘度有显著影响，通常表现为非极性分子间存在范德华力。→__________4.催化剂通过降低反应活化能来加速化学反应，但自身在反应后不被消耗。→__________5.环境化学研究表明，重金属污染可通过植物修复技术有效去除。→__________三、句子改错题（共5题，每题4分，计20分）说明：下列英文句子中各有一处错误，请指出并改正。1.Theconcentrationofdissolvedoxygeninwaterdecreasesastemperatureincreases.→错误：__________，改正为：__________2.Catalystsareoftenusedinindustrialprocessestoincreasereactionratewithoutbeingconsumed.→错误：__________，改正为：__________3.Thesolubilityofioniccompoundsinpolarsolventsisprimarilyduetohydrogenbonding.→错误：__________，改正为：__________4.Quantummechanicsexplainsthebehaviorofparticlesatmacroscopicscales,suchassolidsandliquids.→错误：__________，改正为：__________5.TheArrheniusequationdescribestherelationshipbetweenreactionrateandtemperature.→错误：__________，改正为：__________四、段落翻译题（共1题，计30分）说明：将下列英文段落翻译成中文。TheRoleofGreenChemistryinSustainableIndustrialDevelopmentGreenchemistryaimstodesignchemicalproductsandprocessesthatreduceoreliminatetheuseandgenerationofhazardoussubstances.Onekeyprincipleisthesubstitutionoftoxicsolventswithsaferalternatives,suchaswaterorbio-basedsolvents.Anotheristhedevelopmentofcatalyticsystemsthatminimizewasteandenergyconsumption.Forinstance,transitionmetalcatalystshavebeenwidelyusedinorganicsynthesistoachievehighselectivityandyieldundermildconditions.Additionally,greenchemistrypromotestheuseofrenewablerawmaterialsandthedesignofself-repairingmaterialstoenhancedurability.Theseinnovationsnotonlymitigateenvironmentalpollutionbutalsoimproveeconomicefficiencybyreducingproductioncosts.Asindustriesworldwideshifttowardsustainability,greenchemistrywillplayanincreasinglycriticalroleinshapingacleanerandmoresustainablefuture.→中文翻译：__________五、专业术语匹配题（共10题，每题3分，计30分）说明：将下列英文术语与其对应的中文解释匹配。1.__________-A.Thetendencyofaliquidtovaporizeattemperaturesbelowitsboilingpoint.2.__________-B.Asubstancethatincreasestherateofachemicalreactionwithoutbeingconsumed.3.__________-C.Thestudyofthestructureandpropertiesofmatterattheatomicandmolecularlevel.4.__________-D.Achemicalreactioninwhichtwomoleculescombinetoformasingleproduct.5.__________-E.Theprocessbywhichasolidturnsdirectlyintoagaswithoutmelting.6.__________-F.Ameasureofasolution’sresistancetoflow,influencedbysoluteconcentration.7.__________-G.Abranchofchemistrythatfocusesonthesynthesisandpropertiesofpolymers.8.__________-H.Theprinciplethatenergycannotbecreatedordestroyedinachemicalsystem.9.__________-I.Atypeofreactionwhereasubstrateisbrokendownintosmallermolecules.10.__________-J.Thestudyofhowchemicalreactionsoccurandtheenergychangesinvolved.答案与解析一、词汇选择题答案1.A2.C3.A4.C5.B6.C7.A8.C9.C10.A解析：1.Catalysts（催化剂）在工业制氢中起关键作用。2.Crystallinity（结晶度）影响聚合物的力学性能。3.Solubility（溶解度）受温度和压力影响。4.Densityfunctionaltheory（密度泛函理论）用于描述分子电子结构。5.Separator（隔膜）用于电池中隔离电极。6.Ethanol（乙醇）是环保型溶剂。7.Spectroscopy（光谱法）用于检测微量金属离子。8.Crystallization（结晶）指分子有序排列。9.Sublimation（升华）是固态直接变气态。10.Boyle’slaw（波义耳定律）描述气体的压强与体积关系。二、翻译填空题答案1.Inorganicsynthesis,nucleophilicreagentspromotereactionsbyattackingcarbonatomswithlowelectronegativity.2.Electrodematerialsinelectrochemicalenergystoragedevicesmustexhibithighconductivityandstructuralstability.3.Intermolecularforcessignificantlyaffecttheviscosityofsolutions,typically表现为范德华力betweennonpolarmolecules.4.Catalystsacceleratechemicalreactionsbyloweringactivationenergybutremainunchangedafterthereaction.5.Environmentalchemistryresearchindicatesthatheavymetalpollutioncanbeeffectivelyremovedthroughphytoremediationtechnology.三、句子改错题答案1.错误：increases→decreases；改正为：Theconcentrationofdissolvedoxygeninwaterdecreasesastemperatureincreases.2.错误：increase→increases；改正为：Catalystsareoftenusedinindustrialprocessestoincreasereactionratewithoutbeingconsumed.3.错误：hydrogenbonding→ionicinteractions；改正为：Thesolubilityofioniccompoundsinpolarsolventsisprimarilyduetoionicinteractions.4.错误：macroscopic→microscopic；改正为：Quantummechanicsexplainsthebehaviorofparticle