2026年研究生入学考试英语综合能力测试题

2026年研究生入学考试英语综合能力测试题第一部分：阅读理解（共4题，每题2分，计8分）背景：随着全球化进程的加速，跨文化管理成为企业国际化战略的核心议题。本文节选自一篇关于跨国公司文化冲突解决的研究论文，探讨文化差异对团队协作效率的影响。Passage1Theincreasingglobalizationofbusinesshasmadecross-culturalmanagementacriticalchallengeformultinationalcorporations(MNCs).Researchindicatesthatculturaldifferencescaneitherenhanceorhinderteamproductivity.Forinstance,astudybyHofstedefoundthatteamswithhighindividualismscores(e.g.,theUnitedStates)tendtoprioritizepersonalachievement,whilethosewithhighcollectivismscores(e.g.,Japan)emphasizegroupharmony.Thesecontrastingvaluescanleadtomisunderstandingsindecision-makingprocesses.However,MNCsthatimplementtargetedtrainingprogramscanmitigatesuchconflicts.Forexample,GeneralElectric’sculturalimmersionworkshopshavebeeneffectiveinimprovingcollaborationbetweenAmericanandIndianteams.Thekeyliesinfosteringmutualrespectandclearcommunication.Questions:1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(2分)2.AccordingtoHofstede,howdoindividualisticandcollectivisticculturesdifferinteamwork?(2分)3.Whatsolutiondoesthepassagesuggestforcross-culturalteammanagement?(2分)4.WhyisculturaltrainingimportantforMNCs?(2分)第二部分：完形填空（共5题，每题1分，计5分）背景：本文节选自一篇关于可持续发展与科技创新的评论，探讨绿色技术如何推动经济转型。Therapidadvancementoftechnologyhasbroughtbothopportunitiesandchallengestosustainabledevelopment.Whilesomearguethatinnovationharmstheenvironment,othersbelievethatgreentechnologiescanreversethistrend.Forexample,solarenergyhasreducedcarbonemissionsincountrieslikeDenmark.However,thetransitionisnotwithoutobstacles.Governmentsmustinvestininfrastructureandprovideincentivesforbusinessestoadopteco-friendlypractices.AcaseinpointisChina’s“GreenDeal,”whichhasencouragedrenewableenergyadoption.Ultimately,collaborationbetweenindustriesandpolicymakersisessentialtoachieveabalancebetweengrowthandenvironmentalprotection.Questions:1.Whatistheauthor’sprimaryargument?A.Technologyisinherentlyharmfultotheenvironment.B.Greentechnologiescanpromotesustainabledevelopment.C.Governmentsshouldavoidinvestinginrenewableenergy.D.Sustainabledevelopmentisimpossiblewithouttechnologicalinnovation.(1分)2.Whichcountryismentionedassuccessfullyimplementinggreenenergypolicies?A.GermanyB.DenmarkC.JapanD.India(1分)3.Whatisamajorchallengetosustainabledevelopmentaccordingtothepassage?A.Lackofgovernmentsupport.B.Highcostsofgreentechnologies.C.Publicresistancetoenvironmentalpolicies.D.Insufficientinfrastructure.(1分)4.Whatdoesthephrase“acaseinpoint”suggest?A.Anexampletosupporttheauthor’sargument.B.AcriticismofChina’senvironmentalpolicies.C.Acontradictionintheauthor’sreasoning.D.Asuggestiontoabandongreentechnologies.(1分)5.Whatistheauthor’sviewoncollaborationbetweenindustriesandgovernments?A.Itisunnecessaryforachievingsustainability.B.Itisonlyusefulforeconomicgrowth.C.Itisessentialforbalancingdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection.D.Itshouldbelimitedtoavoidconflicts.(1分)第三部分：翻译（共2题，每题5分，计10分）要求：将以下英文段落翻译成中文，注意术语的准确性和句式的流畅性。Paragraph1Intheeraofdigitaltransformation,artificialintelligence(AI)hasrevolutionizedthewaybusinessesoperate.CompaniesthatfailtoleverageAIriskfallingbehindtheircompetitors.Forexample,Amazon’srecommendationalgorithmshavesignificantlyincreasedcustomerretentionrates.However,ethicalconcernsarisewhenAIdecisionslacktransparency.Toaddressthis,firmsmustestablishclearguidelinesforAIusage.Thisincludesmonitoringbiasesindataandensuringaccountability.Withoutsuchmeasures,AIcouldexacerbateinequalityintheworkplace.Paragraph2TheCOVID-19pandemicexposedvulnerabilitiesinglobalsupplychains.Manyindustriesrealizedthatoverrelianceonasinglesourceofrawmaterialswasunsustainable.Diversificationhasbecomeapriorityforbusinessesseekingresilience.Forinstance,Toyota’sshifttomultiplesuppliersreduceditsdependenceonpartsfromChina.Similarly,theEuropeanUnionhaspushedforcirculareconomymodelstominimizewaste.Thesestrategiesnotonlyenhanceefficiencybutalsopromoteenvironmentalsustainability.第四部分：写作（共1题，15分）题目：Somepeoplebelievethatuniversitiesshouldfocusmoreonteachingpracticalskillslikecodingordataanalysis,whileothersarguethattraditionalsubjectssuchasphilosophyshouldremaincorerequirements.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.要求：1.写作结构完整，论点清晰。2.语言表达流畅，逻辑连贯。3.字数不少于200词。答案与解析第一部分：阅读理解1.答案：B.Greentechnologiescanpromotesustainabledevelopment.解析：文章主要讨论科技如何通过绿色技术推动可持续发展，故B项正确。2.答案：B.Denmark解析：文中明确提到丹麦成功实施了绿色能源政策。3.答案：D.Insufficientinfrastructure.解析：文章指出可持续发展面临的主要挑战之一是基础设施不足。4.答案：A.Anexampletosupporttheauthor’sargument.解析：“acaseinpoint”意为“一个典型的例子”，此处引出中国案例以支持观点。5.答案：C.Itisessentialforbalancingdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection.解析：作者强调产业与政府合作对平衡发展与环保至关重要。第二部分：完形填空1.答案：B.Greentechnologiescanpromotesustainabledevelopment.解析：作者认为绿色技术能推动可持续发展，与首段观点一致。2.答案：B.Denmark解析：文中提及丹麦成功利用太阳能减少碳排放。3.答案：D.Insufficientinfrastructure.解析：文中提到绿色能源转型需要基础设施支持，暗示其不足是挑战。4.答案：A.Anexampletosupporttheauthor’sargument.解析：“acaseinpoint”指代前文中国案例，用以佐证观点。5.答案：C.Itisessentialforbalancingdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection.解析：作者认为产业与政府合作是实现平衡的关键。第三部分：翻译Paragraph1在数字化转型的时代，人工智能（AI）彻底改变了企业运营的方式。那些未能利用AI的企业将面临被竞争对手超越的风险。例如，亚马逊的推荐算法显著提高了客户留存率。然而，当AI决策缺乏透明度时，伦理问题便会浮现。为了解决这个问题，公司必须制定明确的AI使用规范。这包括监控数据中的偏见并确保问责制。若缺乏这些措施，AI可能加剧职场不平等。Paragraph2新冠疫情暴露了全球供应链的脆弱性。许多行业意识到过度依赖单一原材料来源是不可持续的。多元化已成为寻求韧性的企业优先事项。例如，丰田转向多个供应商减少了其对中国零部件的依赖。类似地，欧盟推动循环经济模式以减少浪费。这些策略不仅提高了效率，还促进了环境可持续性。第四部分：写作范文：Thedebateoveruniversitycurriculacentersonwhetherinstitutionsshouldprioritizepracticalskillslikecodingorretaintraditionalsubjectssuchasphilosophy.Proponentsofpracticaltrainingarguethatgraduatesneedimmediatejobreadiness,whiledefendersofclassicsemphasizetheimportanceofcriticalthinking.Inmyview,abalancedapproachisideal.Advocatesoftechnicaleducationarguethatemployersvaluehands-onskills.Forinstance,techcompaniesprefercandidateswithprogramm