2026年托福英语阅读理解题及答案详解

2026年托福英语阅读理解题及答案详解题型一：事实信息题（3题，每题2分）说明：根据文章内容回答问题，选择最佳选项。题目1（2分）：Passage:TheimpactofrenewableenergyadoptioninNorthernEuropehasbeensignificantsincetheearly2000s.CountrieslikeDenmarkandGermanyhaveprioritizedwindandsolarpower,reducingcarbonemissionsbyover20%intheregion.However,challengesremain,suchasenergystoragelimitationsandhighinitialcosts.TheEuropeanUnion’sGreenDealaimstoaddresstheseissuesby2050,aimingfora55%reductioninemissions.LocalcommunitiesinSwedenhavealsobenefitedfromhydropower,buttherelianceonthisresourcecreatesvulnerabilitiesduringdroughtperiods.Question:Accordingtothepassage,whatisonemajorchallengefacingrenewableenergyadoptioninNorthernEurope?A)LackofgovernmentsupportB)HighinitialcostsandenergystoragelimitationsC)InsufficientsunlightforsolarpowerD)Resistancefromlocalcommunities答案与解析：答案：B解析：文章明确提到“challengesremain,suchasenergystoragelimitationsandhighinitialcosts.”（挑战仍然存在，例如储能限制和高初始成本），因此选项B与原文一致。选项A、C、D在文中未提及。题目2（2分）：Passage:UrbanizationinSoutheastAsiahasacceleratedrapidlyoverthepastdecade,particularlyincountrieslikeIndonesiaandthePhilippines.MegacitiessuchasJakartaandManilafaceseveretrafficcongestion,airpollution,andhousingshortages.Tomitigatetheseissues,governmentshaveimplementedpolicieslikecar-freedaysandexpandedpublictransportationnetworks.However,theseeffortshavehadlimitedsuccessduetoinadequateinfrastructureandgrowingpopulations.TheWorldBankreportsthatwithoutfurtherintervention,urbanpollutioncouldworsenby2030,affectingpublichealthsignificantly.Question:WhatisakeyissuementionedinthepassageabouturbanizationinSoutheastAsia?A)HighbirthratesinruralareasB)TrafficcongestionandairpollutioninmegacitiesC)InsufficientfundingforpublictransportD)Decliningagriculturalproductivity答案与解析：答案：B解析：文章指出“MegacitiessuchasJakartaandManilafaceseveretrafficcongestion,airpollution,andhousingshortages.”（雅加达和马尼拉等大城市面临严重的交通拥堵、空气污染和住房短缺），因此选项B正确。其他选项在文中未提及。题目3（2分）：Passage:ThecoffeeindustryinCentralAmericahasfacedsignificantdisruptionsduetoclimatechangeinrecentyears.CountrieslikeCostaRicaandGuatemalahaveexperiencedmorefrequentdroughts,reducingcropyieldsbyupto30%.Farmershavebegunadoptingsustainablepractices,suchasshade-growncoffeeanddrought-resistantvarieties,toadapt.However,thesemeasuresareexpensive,andmanysmallholdersstruggletoaffordthem.Internationalbuyersareincreasinglydemandingfair-tradecertifications,whichcouldprovidebetterpricesbutrequireadditionalcompliancecosts.Question:WhatisamajorchallengeforcoffeefarmersinCentralAmericaasdescribedinthepassage?A)LowdemandforcoffeegloballyB)DroughtsandthehighcostofsustainablefarmingpracticesC)GovernmentrestrictionsoncoffeeexportsD)Laborshortagesinruralareas答案与解析：答案：B解析：文章提到“farmershavebegunadoptingsustainablepractices,suchasshade-growncoffeeanddrought-resistantvarieties,toadapt.However,thesemeasuresareexpensive,andmanysmallholdersstruggletoaffordthem.”（农民开始采用可持续实践，如遮阴种植和抗旱品种，但这些措施成本高昂，许多小农户难以负担），因此选项B正确。题型二：句子简化题（4题，每题2分）说明：将原文中的长句改写为简短的句子，保持原意不变。题目4（2分）：Passage:Theincreasingprevalenceofartificialintelligenceinhealthcarehasledtoimproveddiagnosticaccuracyandpersonalizedtreatmentplans.However,ethicalconcernsregardingdataprivacyandalgorithmicbiasremainsignificantchallengesthatneedtobeaddressedbypolicymakersandtechcompanies.SimplifiedSentence:AIinhealthcareimprovesdiagnosticsandtreatmentsbutraisesethicalissuesaboutdataprivacyandbias.答案与解析：答案：正确解析：简化句准确概括了原文的两点：AI的益处（改进诊断和治疗）和问题（数据隐私和算法偏见）。题目5（2分）：Passage:DeforestationintheAmazonrainforesthasacceleratedduetoillegalloggingandagriculturalexpansionoverthepastdecade.Thistrendhascausedadeclineinbiodiversity,asmanyspecieslosetheirnaturalhabitats.Environmentalorganizationshavecalledforstricterenforcementofanti-deforestationlaws,butlocaleconomies,whichrelyontimberandfarming,resistsuchmeasures.SimplifiedSentence:IllegalloggingandfarminghavespedupAmazondeforestation,harmingbiodiversityandcausingeconomictensions.答案与解析：答案：正确解析：简化句涵盖了原文的核心信息：原因（非法砍伐和农业扩张）、后果（生物多样性下降）和冲突（经济矛盾）。题目6（2分）：Passage:Theriseofremoteworkhastransformedthecorporatelandscape,allowingemployeestocollaborateacrosstimezonesandreducecommutingtime.However,companieshavestruggledtomaintainteamcohesionandcompanyculturewithoutphysicalofficespaces.Manyorganizationshaveexperimentedwithhybridmodels,blendingremoteandin-officework,buttheoptimalapproachremainsdebated.SimplifiedSentence:Remoteworkenablesglobalcollaborationandlesscommuting,butitchallengescompanycultureandrequireshybridsolutions.答案与解析：答案：正确解析：简化句准确总结了远程工作的优势（协作和通勤减少）和挑战（文化维系和混合模式）。题目7（2分）：Passage:TheGreatBarrierReefhasexperiencedmultiplemassbleachingeventsinrecentyearsduetorisingoceantemperatures.Scientistswarnthatwithoutsignificantglobaleffortstoreducecarbonemissions,thereefcouldfaceirreversibledamageby2050.Conservationistsareexploringartificialreefsandcoralrestorationprojectsaspotentialmitigationstrategies.SimplifiedSentence:RisingoceantemperaturesthreatentheGreatBarrierReef,promptingeffortstosaveitfrompermanentdamage.答案与解析：答案：正确解析：简化句概括了核心问题（温度上升导致威胁）和应对措施（保护行动）。题型三：推理判断题（3题，每题2分）说明：根据文章内容进行合理推断。题目8（2分）：Passage:TheJapanesegovernmenthasinvestedheavilyinroboticstoaddressitsagingpopulationandlaborshortages.Factoriesandelderlycarefacilitieshaveadoptedautomatedsystems,increasingefficiencybutalsoraisingconcernsaboutjobdisplacement.Someexpertsarguethatthistrendcouldleadtoaredefinitionofworkinthefuture,emphasizingcreativityandhumanoversightratherthanmanuallabor.Question:WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthefutureofworkinJapan?A)Alljobswillbeautomatedby2050.B)Theworkforcewillshifttowardrolesrequiringhumanjudgment.C)Roboticswilleliminatetheneedforelderlycareservices.D)Factoryworkerswillbeprimarilyresponsibleforrobotmaintenance.答案与解析：答案：B解析：文章暗示自动化将减少体力劳动，未来工作将更依赖创造性思维和人类监督，因此选项B合理。其他选项过于绝对或未提及。题目9（2分）：Passage:InIndia,thegovernmenthaslaunchedseveralinitiativestopromotedigitalbanking,aimingtoincreasefinancialinclusion.Mobileappsandlow-costATMshavemadebankingservicesaccessibletoruralpopulations.However,challengessuchasinternetconnectivityanddigitalliteracyremainbarriersformany.Traditionalbankshavealsohesitatedtofullyadoptdigitalmodelsduetosecurityconcerns.Question:Whatisalikelyconsequenceofthegovernment’sdigitalbankinginitiatives?A)Asharpdeclineintraditionalbankingservices.B)Improvedaccesstofinancialservicesforruralresidents.C)Increasedunemploymentinurbanareas.D)Higherinternetusageinurbanregionsonly.答案与解析：答案：B解析：文章明确提到“aimingtoincreasefinancialinclusion”（旨在提高金融包容性），且“accessibletoruralpopulations”（服务农村人口），因此选项B合理。题目10（2分）：Passage:Thefashionindustryhasbeencriticizedforitsenvironmentalimpact,particularlyduetoexcessivewaterusageandtextilewaste.Brandsarenowexperimentingwithbiodegradablematerialsandcirculareconomymodelstoreducetheirfootprint.However,consumers’fastfashionhabitscontinuetodrivedemandforcheap,disposableclothing,makingsustainablepracticesdifficulttoimplementonalargescale.Question:Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthechallengeofsustainabilityinfashion?A)Sustainablematerialsaretooexpensiveformostbrands.B)Consumerbehavioristhemainobstacletoeco-friendlyfashion.C)Governmentsarenotenforcingenoughregulationsonwaste.D)Biodegradablefabricsarenotdurableenoughforeverydayuse.答案与解析：答案：B解析：文章指出“consumers’fastfashionhabitscontinuetodrivedemandforcheap,disposableclothing”（消费者对快时尚的习惯推动廉价一次性服装的需求），因此选项B合理。题型四：插入题（3题，每题2分）说明：在文章空白处插入最合适的句子。题目11（2分）：Passage:TheEuropeanUnionhasproposednewregulationstolimitscreentimeforchildrenunder18.Manyparentssupportthesemeasures,concernedabouttheeffectsofexcessivesocialmediauseonmentalhealth.However,somecriticsarguethatsuchrestrictionscouldhinderdigitalliteracydevelopment._______.Studiesshowthatbalancedscreenuse,ratherthancompletebans,maybemoreeffective.Options:A)Schoolsshouldprovidedigitaleducationprograms.B)Childrenneedguidanceonresponsibletechnologyuse.C)Thegovernmentshouldfocusoncontentmoderationinstead.D)Teenagersarealreadyskilledatusingsmartphones.答案与解析：答案：B解析：插入句应承上启下，强调平衡使用而非完全禁止，选项B（儿童需要指导合理使用技术）符合语境。题目12（2分）：Passage:UrbanplanningincitieslikeSingaporehasprioritizedgreenspacesandsustainableinfrastructure.Thecity-statehasachievedhighlevelsof绿化despitelimitedland.Onekeystrategyisverticalgreening,wherebuildingsarecoveredwithplantstoreduceheatislandeffects._______.Thisapproachhasimprovedairqualityandbiodiversitywhileintegratingnatureintourbanliving.Options:A)However,ithasincreasedconstructioncostssignificantly.B)Forexample,theMarinaBaySandsresorthaslushgardens.C)Anothermethodistheuseofsolarpanelsonrooftops.D)Manyresidentsstillprefertraditionalconcretearchitecture.答案与解析：答案：B解析：插入句应提供具体例子，选项B（例如，滨海湾金沙度假村有茂密的花园）符合上下文。题目13（2分）：Passage:Theglobalsemiconductorshortagehasdisruptedsupplychainsforelectronics,cars,andotherindustries.GovernmentsintheU.S.andEuropehaveannouncedsubsidiestoencouragedomesticchipmanufacturing.However,buildingnewfactoriesisalong-termprocess._______.Untilthen,companiesmayfacecontinuedproductiondelays.Options:A)Japan’ssemiconductorindustryremainsthemostadvanced.B)Somemanufacturershave转向older,lessefficienttechnologies.C)TheEuropeanUnionplanstobuildfivenewfabricationplants.D)Consumersareexpectedtopayhigherpricesforelectronics.答案与解析：答案：D解析：插入句应说明缺货的直接影响，选项D（消费者预计电子设备价格会上涨）符合逻辑。题型五：作者观点题（2题，每题2分）说明：根据文章内容判断作者态度。题目14（2分）：Passage:Theshifttowardplant-baseddietshasgainedtractionglobally,drivenbyhealthandenvironmentalconcerns.Proponentsarguethatreducingmeatconsumptioncanlowergreenhousegasemissionsandimprovepublichealth.However,criticspointoutthatcurrentagriculturalpracticesinsomeregionsmaynotbesustainablewithoutsignificantchanges.Thepassagedoesnotexplicitlyendorseeithersidebutpresentsbothperspectivesfairly.Question:Whatistheauthor’stonetowardplant-baseddiets?A)StronglysupportiveB)IndifferentC)BalancedandobjectiveD)Skepticalandcritical答案与解析：答案：C解析：文章同时呈现支持者和反对者的观点，未表达强烈倾向，因此选项C正确。题目15（2分）：Passage:Therapiddevelopmentofartificialintelligencehasraisedethicalquestionsaboutjobdisplacementandprivacy.Sometechleadersadvocateforstrictregulationstopreventmisuse,whileothersarguethatinnovationshouldproceedwithminimalinterference.Thepassagehighligh