2026年研究生英语考试阅读理解专项训练题

2026年研究生英语考试阅读理解专项训练题PartA:MultipleChoiceQuestions(30Questions,30Points)Instructions:Choosethebestanswer(A,B,C,orD)foreachquestionbasedonthepassage.Passage1(5Questions,1PointEach)Topic:RenewableEnergyPolicyinEuropeContext:TheEuropeanUnionhasbeenpushingfora55%reductionincarbonemissionsby2030,requiringsignificantshiftsinenergypolicies.Solarandwindenergyhavebecomethecornerstonesofthistransition,butchallengesremainingridintegrationandstorage.CountrieslikeGermanyandSpainhavemadenotableprogress,yetFranceandItalystillrelyheavilyonnuclearandcoal.TheEU’sRenewableEnergyDirective(REDIII)aimstostandardizeincentivesandsubsidiestoaccelerateadoption.Criticsarguethatthetimelineisunrealisticwithoutbreakthroughsinbatterytechnology.1.WhatistheprimarygoaloftheEU’s2030carbonreductiontarget?A)Toreducerelianceonimportedoil.B)Tophaseoutnuclearenergyentirely.C)Tocutemissionsby55%comparedto1990levels.D)Topromoterenewableenergyuniformlyacrossallmemberstates.2.Whichcountryismentionedashavingthemostadvancedrenewableenergypolicies?A)FranceB)ItalyC)GermanyD)Spain3.Whatremainsamajorobstacletorenewableenergyexpansion?A)HighinitialinvestmentcostsB)LackofgovernmentsupportC)GridintegrationdifficultiesD)Publicresistancetonewinfrastructure4.WhatdoestheREDIIIdirectiveaimtoachieve?A)IncreasenuclearpowerusageB)StandardizerenewableenergyincentivesC)Eliminatecoalpowerplantsby2030D)Reducesubsidiesforwindenergy5.WhatisthemaincriticismoftheEU’splan?A)Itlacksfundingforresearch.B)Itistooslowtoimplement.C)Itdoesnotaddresscoaldependency.D)Itoveremphasizeswindoversolar.Passage2(5Questions,1PointEach)Topic:UrbanizationinSoutheastAsiaContext:RapidurbanizationinSoutheastAsiahasledtounprecedentedgrowthincitieslikeJakarta,Manila,andBangkok.Whileeconomicopportunitiesattractmillions,issuessuchashousingshortages,trafficcongestion,andpollutionhaveworsened.Governmentsareexperimentingwithsmartcitytechnologiestomitigatetheseproblems.Forinstance,Singapore’sintegratedtransportsystemhasreducedcommutetimes,whileJakarta’s“JakartaSmartCity”initiativefocusesonwastemanagement.However,criticsarguethatsuchprojectsoftenexcludelower-incomecommunities,exacerbatingsocialinequalities.6.WhatisthemainconsequenceofrapidurbanizationinSoutheastAsia?A)ImprovedinfrastructureB)JobcreationC)EnvironmentaldegradationD)Enhancedpublicservices7.Whichcityishighlightedasaleaderinsmartcitysolutions?A)ManilaB)BangkokC)SingaporeD)Jakarta8.WhatspecificproblemisSingaporeaddressingwithitstransportsystem?A)HighpollutionlevelsB)TrafficcongestionC)HousingshortagesD)Waterscarcity9.Whatisacriticismofsmartcityinitiativesintheregion?A)Theyaretooexpensivetoimplement.B)Theybenefitonlywealthyresidents.C)Theylacktechnologicalsupport.D)Theyareineffectiveinreducingpollution.10.WhatdoesJakarta’s“JakartaSmartCity”initiativeprioritize?A)EnergyefficiencyB)WastemanagementC)PublicsafetyD)HousingdevelopmentPassage3(5Questions,1PointEach)Topic:DigitalHealthinChinaContext:Chinahasemergedasagloballeaderindigitalhealth,withplatformslikeWeChatandAlipayintegratinghealthservices.TheCOVID-19pandemicacceleratedthistrend,astelemedicineconsultationssurged.Thegovernment’s“HealthyChina2030”planaimstoexpanddigitalhealthcoveragenationwide.However,challengespersist,suchasdataprivacyconcernsanddisparitiesinaccessbetweenurbanandruralareas.HospitalsincitieslikeBeijingandShanghaihaveadoptedAI-drivendiagnostictools,whileruralclinicsstillrelyontraditionalmethods.11.WhathasdriventherapidgrowthofdigitalhealthinChina?A)GovernmentfundingB)PublicdemandforconvenienceC)TechnologicaladvancementsD)COVID-19restrictions12.WhichplatformismostcommonlyusedfordigitalhealthservicesinChina?A)WeiboB)QQC)WeChatD)Alipay13.WhatisamajorchallengetodigitalhealthexpansioninChina?A)HighcostsoftechnologyB)LackofskilledprofessionalsC)DataprivacyissuesD)Insufficientgovernmentsupport14.HowareurbanhospitalsdifferentfromruralonesinChina’sdigitalhealthadoption?A)UrbanhospitalsusemoreAItools.B)Ruralhospitalshavebetterinternetconnectivity.C)Bothusethesamedigitalplatforms.D)Ruralhospitalsaremoreadvancedindigitaldiagnostics.15.WhatisthegoalofChina’s“HealthyChina2030”plan?A)Toreducehealthcarecosts.B)Toimprovedigitalhealthaccess.C)Toincreasehospitalbedsnationwide.D)TopromotetraditionalChinesemedicine.Passage4(5Questions,1PointEach)Topic:EducationReforminIndiaContext:India’seducationsystemhasfacedcriticismforitsemphasisonrotelearningratherthancriticalthinking.Thegovernment’sNationalEducationPolicy(NEP)2020aimstorevampcurriculaandintegratevocationaltraining.StateslikeKarnatakaandTamilNaduhavebeenpilotingnewteachingmethods,suchasproject-basedlearning.However,implementationfaceshurdles,includingteacherresistanceandinfrastructuregaps.Privateschools,whichdominateurbanareas,oftenfollowtraditionalmodels,whilegovernmentschoolsinruralregionsstrugglewithresources.16.WhatistheprimaryissuewithIndia’scurrenteducationsystem?A)LowliteracyratesB)OveremphasisonmemorizationC)LimitedaccesstohighereducationD)Excessivefocusonsciencesubjects17.WhatisthemaingoalofIndia’sNEP2020?A)Toincreasecollegeenrollment.B)Toreformteachingmethods.C)Toreduceeducationfunding.D)Topromotereligiouseducation.18.WhichstatesareleadingeducationreformeffortsinIndia?A)MaharashtraandGujaratB)KarnatakaandTamilNaduC)UttarPradeshandBiharD)WestBengalandOdisha19.WhatisamajorchallengetoimplementingNEP2020?A)StudentdropoutratesB)TeacheroppositionC)LackofgovernmentfundsD)Parentaldisapproval20.WhatisthedifferencebetweenprivateandgovernmentschoolsinIndiaregardingNEPimplementation?A)PrivateschoolsarefullyalignedwithNEP.B)GovernmentschoolsresistNEPchanges.C)Privateschoolsfocusonvocationaltraining.D)Governmentschoolslackresourcesforreform.Passage5(5Questions,1PointEach)Topic:SustainableAgricultureinAfricaContext:Africafacesfoodsecuritychallenges,withclimatechangeexacerbatingdroughtsandsoildegradation.CountrieslikeKenyaandNigeriahaveintroducedagroforestryanddrought-resistantcropstoboostyields.TheAfricanUnion’s“Agenda2063”includesagoaltomakethecontinentfoodself-sufficientby2063.However,smallholderfarmers,whoconstitute60%ofAfrica’sagriculturalworkforce,strugglewithaccesstotechnologyandfinance.InternationalorganizationsliketheWorldBankaresupportinginitiativestodigitizefarmingpractices.21.WhatisthemainproblemaffectingagricultureinAfrica?A)HighpopulationgrowthB)SoilerosionC)LimitedarablelandD)Insufficientrainfall22.WhichAfricancountryisusingagroforestrytoimprovefoodproduction?A)EgyptB)KenyaC)SouthAfricaD)Morocco23.WhatistheAfricanUnion’slong-termgoalforfoodsecurity?A)Toreducerelianceonimportedgrains.B)Toincreaseagriculturalexports.C)Toachievefoodself-sufficiencyby2063.D)Topromoteurbanfarming.24.WhatisachallengefacedbysmallholderfarmersinAfrica?A)OveruseofpesticidesB)LackofaccesstotechnologyC)ExcessivegovernmentregulationD)Highmarketcompetition25.WhatareinternationalorganizationsdoingtosupportAfricanagriculture?A)Fundingresearchinbiotechnology.B)Providingfreeseedstofarmers.C)Digitizingfarmingpractices.D)Encouragingindustrialfarming.PartB:ReadingComprehensionPassages(10Questions,10Points)Instructions:Belowaretwopassages.Foreachpassage,answerthequestion(s)basedonthetext.Passage6(5Questions,2PointsEach)Topic:ClimateChangeandCoastalCitiesContext:Assealevelsrise,coastalcitieslikeMiami,NewYork,andTokyoarefacingexistentialthreats.TheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)warnsthatwithoutdrasticmeasures,millionswillbedisplacedby2050.Citiesareadopting“resiliencebydesign”strategies,suchasbuildingseawallsandrestoringwetlands.However,thesesolutionsareexpensiveandmaynotbefeasibleforall.InAsia,wheremanycitiesarerapidlyexpanding,thechallengeiscompoundedbypoorurbanplanning.26.Whatistheprimarythreatposedbyrisingsealevelstocoastalcities?A)EconomicstagnationB)LossofcoastaltourismC)DisplacementofresidentsD)Declineinpropertyvalues27.Whichorganizationprovidesassessmentsonclimatechangeimpacts?A)WorldHealthOrganizationB)UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgrammeC)IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangeD)GlobalEnvironmentalFacility28.Whatisonesolutioncitiesareimplementingtocombatsea-levelrise?A)EncouragingpopulationgrowthB)BuildingseawallsC)ReducingtourismD)Movinginland29.WhyisAsia’scoastalcitiesparticularlyvulnerabletoclimatechange?A)Theylacksufficientfundsformitigation.B)Theyhavepoorurbanplanning.C)Theyrelyheavilyonfossilfuels.D)Theyhavelowpopulationdensity.30.Whatdoes“resiliencebydesign”referto?A)Relyingonnaturaldisasterstorebuildinfrastructure.B)Designingcitiestowithstandclimateimpacts.C)Encouragingrapidurbanization.D)Reducinggovernmentspendingoncoastaldefenses.Passage7(5Questions,2PointsEach)Topic:ArtificialIntelligenceinHealthcareContext:Artificialintelligence(AI)istransforminghealthcarebyimprovingdiagnosticsandpersonalizedmedicine.IntheU.S.,AIalgorithmshavebeenapprovedfordetectingskincancersandheartdiseaseearlierthantraditionalmethods.However,ethicalconcernspersist,suchasdataprivacyandalgorithmbias.Forinstance,a2021studyfoundthatcertainAItoolsperformedworseforBlackpatientsduetobiasedtrainingdata.HospitalsincountrieslikeIsraelandSouthKoreaareleadingthewayinintegratingAI,butregulatoryframeworksarestillevolvingglobally.31.WhatisamajoradvantageofAIinhealthcare?A)ReducedhealthcarecostsB)EarlierdiseasedetectionC)IncreasedpatientvisitsD)Eliminationofhumandoctors32.WhichgrouphasbeendisproportionatelyaffectedbybiasedAIinhealthcare?A)AsianpatientsB)HispanicpatientsC)BlackpatientsD)Caucasianpatients33.WhatisachallengetothewidespreadadoptionofAIinmedicine?A)HighcomputationalcostsB)LackofskilledprogrammersC)RegulatoryhurdlesD)Insufficientpatienttrust34.WhichcountryisnotedforpioneeringAIapplicationsinhealthcare?A)JapanB)IsraelC)CanadaD)Australia35.WhatisthefocusofcurrentresearchinAIhealthcare?A)ImprovingdatasecurityB)ReducingalgorithmicbiasC)IncreasinghospitalprofitsD)EnhancingpatientprivacyPartC:MatchingQuestions(5Questions,5Points)Instructions:Matchthefollowingstatements(1-5)withthec