译林版七年级英语上册名词语法课件

名词的世界1.什么是名词2名词分成哪几类3.名词衍生出来的语法词性名词副词形容词代词介词连词动词Anounisaperson,aplaceorathing.babyballbeachWhatisanoun?singIsingasong.dogIhaveadog.sadIamsad.Whichofthesewordsisanoun?apinkballatalltreetheslowsnailtheblueseaCirclethenounineachphrasebelow:什么是名词？可以帮物体取名字的词。内容：名词是人、动物、地方或东西的名字。📌

常见名词例子：👧person:girl,boy🐱animal:dog,cat🏫place:school,park🍎thing:apple,pen专有名词普通名词（common）大写不可数不好圈定范围摸不着，看不见的可数名词(noun)：namingwords题目：圈出下列单词中的名词run  2.elephant  3.jump  4.pencil  5.chair小小练习——找名词Pictureread:1.What’sinDizzy’shand?2.Howmanyantsareontheapple?

3.Howmanyantsareontheapple?

Oneant.Twoants.Threeants.Four!Fiveants!Sixants!Help!Nomore!Howmanyantsarethere?Let’scount!antsfourtwothreeantone/anHowmanylettersintheAlphabetchart？

Howmanyvowels？

Howmanyconsonants？

VowelFaceaeioa”and“an”:bedpenelephantdeskchairanimalmanofficebedpenelephantdeskchairanimalmanofficeaanLesson2aan/vowelsconsonantscolorseggappleorangecatredblueblackbike冠词用法例子a一个，用于辅音音素开头adog,apencilan一个，用于元音音素开头anapple,aneggthe特指某个或一类人/物thesun,theteacher你会选吗？选择合适的冠词Isee___elephant.(a/an/the)Hehas___book.(a/an/the)___moonisbig.(a/an/the)Sheeats___orange.(a/an/the)Readthesentencesandchoosethecorrectanswers.Let’sstart!Howtoplay:I’mhungry.Iwant

apple.aanBtheCAan

dogswerebarkingalot.AAnBTheCATheaanBtheCAaShellywantspieceofcake.Noeliaate

eggforbreakfast.aanBtheCAanHaveyouheard

news?atheCanBAtheDidyouhear

birdsthismorning?atheCanBAtheatheCanBAtheWhat’stime?Youneedtotake

umbrella.

It’sgoingtorain!aanBtheCAanDidyoutry

juice?It’sdelicious.atheCanBAtheXaviertried

newsportyesterday.Hereallyenjoyedit.aanBtheCAaAttilasaw

hippointhezoo.aanBtheCAa教学内容：名词是表示人、动物、地点、或物品的词👦boy  🐶dog  🎒bag  🍎apple  👩‍🏫teacher  📚bookschoolhospitalbathroomlivingroomantsballoonsflowersgiftsdragonsThepluralformofan.:=1a/an/one≥2…s,…iesbutterflybutterfliesLesson3-4名词变复数内容：大部分规则名词都是加s，但是因为不好发音所以需要用e进行隔开，所以发音和s相近的尾缀都需要加ess,x,ch,sh,z都需要加es，其中z需要双写zy和o一样，取决于前面是元音还是辅音y前面是元音的话，就直接加，y前面是辅音的话，杀老y加eso前面是元音的话加s，o前面是辅音的话加es，有两个特例，piano和photo，因为是两个缩略词不是以o结尾。f/fe变ves，以双f(ff)结尾的名词，大多直接加-s。cliff,puff,staff,sheriff,tariff,bluff,scoff以“-oof”,“-ief”,“-rf”结尾

的名词，很多也直接加-s。roof→roofs

(偶尔见rooves，但roofs是主流)chief→chiefsbelief→beliefssafe→safes

(保险箱)gulf→gulfsCanyouwritethepluralofthesewords?Remember,sometimesyouneedtoadd–sandsometimesyouneedtoadd–es.Canyouputthewordsintothecorrectjarfortheirwordending?showanswers-es-selephantswatchestreesapplesfoxeschurcheselephantswatchestreesfoxesappleschurchesHowmanymorewordscanyouthinkoftogoineachjar?singularformpluralformboatboatscarcarshousehousestreetreesMostsingularnounsformthepluralbyadding–s.Singularnounsendingin‘s’,‘x’,‘z’,‘ch’or‘sh’formthepluralbyadding–es.Trysaying‘buss’,‘boxs’or‘wishs’andyouwillseewhynounswhichendinahissingsounduse–esintheplural!Naomi’sNotessingularformpluralformboatboatscarcarshousehousestreetreesNaomi’sNotessingularformpluralformbusbusesboxboxeschurchchurcheswishwishesSingularnounsendinginaconsonantandtheletter‘y’formthepluralbydroppingthe‘y’andadding–ies.Naomi’sNotessingularformpluralformbusbusesboxboxeschurchchurcheswishwishesNaomi’sNotessingularformpluralformpennypenniesbabybabiesdaisydaisiesspyspiesSingularnounsendinginavowelandtheletter‘y’formthepluralbysimplyadding–s.Naomi’sNotessingularformpluralformpennypenniesbabybabiesdaisydaisiesspyspiesNaomi’sNotessingularformpluralformboyboystoytoysvalleyvalleystraytraysSo,mostofthetime,wemakeapluralnounbyaddingan-s,-esor–ies.TheEnglishlanguagehassomerule-breakingnounsinit.Thesearenounsthathavetheirownspecialrulesorspellingsformakingthemintoplurals.Naomi’sNotessingularformpluralformpianopianossolosolosphotophotosmemomemoskilokilosvideovideosSomesingularnounsendingin‘o’form

thepluralbyadding–s.Naomi’sNotessingularformpluralformpianopianossolosolosphotophotosmemomemoskilokilosvideovideosNaomi’sNotessingularformpluralformpotatopotatoesheroheroestomatotomatoesechoechoestorpedotorpedoesdominodominoesButsomesingularnounsendingin‘o’formthepluralbyadding–es!However,somenounsthatendin‘f’formthepluralbysimplyadding-s.Naomi’sNotessingularformpluralformthiefthievesknifekniveswifewiveselfelvesleafleavesNaomi’sNotessingularformpluralformcliffcliffsearmuffearmuffsfoodstufffoodstuffscuffcuffsplayoffplayoffsroofroofsNounsthatendin‘f’or‘fe’usuallyformthepluralbydroppingthe‘f’andadding-ves.Naomi’sNotessingularformpluralformpotatopotatoesheroheroestomatotomatoesechoechoestorpedotorpedoesdominodominoesNaomi’sNotessingularformpluralformthiefthievesknifekniveswifewiveselfelvesleafleavesNaomi’sNotessingularformpluralformcliffcliffsearmuffearmuffsfoodstufffoodstuffscuffcuffsplayoffplayoffsroofroofsIfyoucanhearthesound‘f’inthepluralnoun,youprobablyspellthepluralformwithan‘f’.cliffspuffsIfyoucanheara‘v’sound,thenyouwillprobablyneedtousea-vesplural.wiveslivesjeansThesingularformis

not‘jean’.Itisa‘pairofjeans’.glassesbinocularstrousersscissorsPairsofthingsusuallyonlyhaveapluralform.Grammarmindmap:02辅+y-y+iesNoun

A

nounisaperson,aplaceorathing.04f,fe:-f/fe+ves06special01+s03x,ch,s,sh+es05o:+s/esant—antsdog—dogscat—catsbird—birdsfrog—frogsapple-applesduck—ducks…butterfly—butterflies…toy—toystoy—toiesLesson3-4单复数同形：究竟是可数还是不可数？它可以是可数的，但计数方式很特殊这类词本身就是可数的“个体”，但它们的单数和复数长得一模一样。举例：sheep

(羊),

deer

(鹿),

fish

(鱼-常指同一种类),

aircraft

(飞机),

series

(系列)基本上只有鱼可以加es表示种类如何判断可数性：你可以直接在它前面加数字

one,two,three...，而不需要中间加量词。✅

正确：onesheep,

threedeer,

fiveaircraft❌

错误：onebottleofsheep

(这是错的，因为羊不是液体或物质)按梯队分不规则名词变化第一梯队：最最基础，必须一分不丢child→children

(不是childs)man→men

&

woman→women

(注意复数时，复合词中的man/woman也要变，如

policeman→policemen,

Englishwoman→Englishwomen)foot→feet

&

tooth→teeth

(身体部位)mouse→mice

(动物）计算机鼠标

mouses

按梯队分不规则名词变化第二梯队：非常常见，容易混淆person→people易错点：people作“民族”讲时，复数是peoples。goose→geese(鹅)(易和moose驼鹿混淆，moose是单复同形)ox→oxen(公牛)(古老的复数形式，常考)analysis→analyses(分析)(以-is结尾变-es的典型，同类：basis→bases,crisis→crises)按梯队分不规则名词变化第三梯队：特殊记忆，一考就晕medium→media(媒介)或mediums(灵媒)。在“媒体”意义上，media已是主流复数，常被当作集合名词使用。phenomenon→

phenomena(现象)(非常高频的考点！)criterion→criteria(标准)(另一个高频考点！)bacterium→

bacteria(细菌)(常出现在科普阅读中)fungus→fungi(真菌)/cactus→cacti或cactuses(仙人掌)(拉丁/希腊词源，-us变-i)按梯队分不规则名词变化第四梯队：形似单数，实为复数（极易错！）这些词本身就是复数形式，它们的单数形式反而不常用或完全不同。看到它们，谓语动词要用复数！14.police(警察)—永远是复数概念，说Thepoliceare...。指一个警察用apoliceman/policewoman。15.people(人们)—作为“人”的复数，谓语用复数。单数是person。16.clothes(衣服)—没有单数形式，不能说aclothe。一件衣服是apieceofclothing。17.trousers/pants/jeans/shorts/glasses(眼镜)—这些由两部分组成的东西，通常用复数。要说apairoftrousers(一条裤子)。不可数名词：是物质、材料、概念或总称，通常被视为一个整体或流动体1.烘焙类

这类词通常是材料，多为不可数。不可数（材料/物质）：flour

(面粉)sugar

(糖)butter

(黄油)yeast

(酵母)salt

(盐)oil

(油)chocolate

(巧克力-指原料)dough

(生面团)不可数名词：是物质、材料、概念或总称，通常被视为一个整体或流动体可数（成品/个体）：aloafofbread(一条面包)-注意：bread本身不可数！acake(一个蛋糕)/somecakes(一些蛋糕)acookie(一块饼干)/cookies(饼干)abun(一个小圆面包)acroissant(一个牛角包)不可数名词：是物质、材料、概念或总称，通常被视为一个整体或流动体2.乳制品类

多为物质，不可数。milk(牛奶)cheese(奶酪)yogurt(酸奶)cream(奶油)icecream(冰淇淋-指一份)不可数名词：是物质、材料、概念或总称，通常被视为一个整体或流动体可数：anicecream(一个冰淇淋甜筒/杯)-作为售卖单位时可数。acheese(一种奶酪)-强调种类时可数。ayogurt(一小杯/盒酸奶)-作为包装单位时可数。🔥

重点易错点：这类词在表示一份份包装好的商品时，口语中常被当作可数名词(Iboughttwomilks我买了两份奶)。但在正式语法中，仍建议说

twocartonsofmilk。不可数名词：是物质、材料、概念或总称，通常被视为一个整体或流动体3.液体类几乎全部不可数，因为它们无法被自然地分割成固定形状的个体water(水)coffee(咖啡)tea(茶)juice(果汁)soup(汤)wine(葡萄酒)beer(啤酒)可数的情况（表示“份数”或“种类”）：acoffee/twocoffees(一杯/两杯咖啡)-在咖啡馆点餐时常用。asoup(一份汤)-菜单上常用。atea(一种茶)-如Greenteaisahealthytea.abeer(一瓶/杯啤酒)-口语中点单。🔥

重点易错点：Coffee和Tea的双重身份：作为物质不可数(Idrinkcoffeeeveryday)。作为一杯杯的饮料时可数(Twocoffees,please)。考试中，如果没有明确“杯”的语境，默认作不可数。不可数名词：是物质、材料、概念或总称，通常被视为一个整体或流动体4.肉类作为食物材料时，几乎全部不可数。pork(猪肉)beef(牛肉)chicken(鸡肉)fish(鱼肉)lamb(羊肉)bacon(培根)可数（活的动物或完整个体）：achicken(一只鸡)afish(一条鱼)alamb(一只小羊)🔥

重点易错点：动物vs.肉：chicken和fish是最典型的。可数：Therearethreechickensintheyard.(院子里有三只鸡。)不可数：Iatesomechickenforlunch.(我午餐吃了一些鸡肉。)meat(肉)本身永远不可数。5.食物总称与小东西类不可数（总称/集合概念）：food

(食物)-

最容易错！

它是所有食物的总称，不可数。fruit

(水果)-作为总称或一堆水果时不可数。rice

(米饭)-由无数米粒组成，不可数。pasta

(意大利面)-不可数。noodles

(面条)-

这个特殊，通常用复数

noodles。可数homework

(作业)-

最容易错！

永远不可数。money

(钱)-永远不可数。furniture

(家具)-永远不可数。equipment

(设备)-永远不可数。luggage/baggage

(行李)-永远不可数。第一类：绝对不可数的抽象名词（最重要！必须死记）这些词永远不可数，前面不能加

a/an，没有复数形式，谓语用单数。中考最爱在这里设陷阱。【知识&信息类】information

(信息)❌aninformation,manyinformations✅apieceofinformationnews

(新闻)❌agoodnews✅goodnews/apieceofgoodnewsknowledge

(知识)❌aknowledge✅alotofknowledge/apieceofknowledgeadvice

(建议)❌anadvice,givemesomeadvices✅apieceofadvice/someadviceprogress

(进步)❌arapidprogress✅rapidprogress/makegreatprogresshomework

(作业)❌ahomework,twohomeworks✅apieceofhomework/somehomework【行为&过程类】work(工作)❌ahardwork✅hardwork(比较：ajob是可数的)housework(家务)❌dohouseworks✅dohouseworkfun(乐趣)❌agreatfun✅greatfun/havefunhealth(健康)❌haveagoodhealth✅havegoodhealthtime(时间)❌