小学英语重要词组语法复习提纲

小学英语重要词组语法复习提纲亲爱的同学们，英语学习如同建造房屋，词汇是砖瓦，语法是框架，而词组则是连接砖瓦与框架的关键结构。这份复习提纲旨在帮助大家系统梳理小学阶段核心的词组与语法知识，夯实基础，为未来的英语学习筑牢根基。请大家结合课堂笔记和课本，认真复习，做到学以致用。一、核心词组篇词组是英语句子的重要组成部分，掌握常用词组能让我们的表达更地道、更流畅。（一）动词词组(VerbPhrases)1.be动词词组*begoodat(doingsth.)-擅长（做某事）*例：Sheisgoodatsinging.(她擅长唱歌。)*belatefor-迟到*例：Don'tbelateforschool.(上学不要迟到。)*bereadyfor-为……做好准备*例：Areyoureadyforthetest?(你准备好考试了吗？)*beafraidof-害怕*例：Heisafraidofdogs.(他害怕狗。)2.do/does相关词组*doone'shomework-做作业*例：Idomyhomeworkeveryevening.(我每天晚上做作业。)*dosomereading-阅读*例：SheoftendoessomereadingonSundays.(她经常周日阅读。)*dosports-做运动*例：Weshoulddosportseveryday.(我们应该每天做运动。)*doesthedishes-洗碗*例：Mymomusuallydoesthedishesafterdinner.(我妈妈通常晚饭后洗碗。)3.go相关词组*gotoschool-去上学*gohome-回家*goshopping-去购物*goswimming-去游泳*gotobed-去睡觉*goforawalk-去散步5.look相关词组*lookat-看……*lookfor-寻找*例：Heislookingforhispen.(他正在找他的钢笔。)*lookafter-照顾*例：Canyoulookaftermycat?(你能照顾我的猫吗？)*looklike-看起来像*例：Shelookslikehermother.(她看起来像她妈妈。)6.其他常用动词词组*listento-听……*talkto/with-和……交谈*readabook-读书*writealetter-写信*watchTV-看电视*playgames-玩游戏*playsports-做运动(同dosports)*playthepiano(乐器)-弹钢琴*playfootball(球类)-踢足球*havebreakfast/lunch/dinner-吃早/午/晚饭*haveagoodtime-玩得开心*getup-起床*gotoschool-去上学*brushteeth-刷牙*washface-洗脸*puton-穿上(强调动作)*takeoff-脱下*turnon-打开(电器)*turnoff-关闭(电器)*wanttodosth.-想要做某事*likedoingsth./liketodosth.-喜欢做某事（二）介词词组(PrepositionalPhrases)1.时间介词*inthemorning/afternoon/evening-在早上/下午/晚上*inspring/summer/autumn/winter-在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天*in+年/月-在某年/某月*onMonday/Tuesday.../onweekends-在周一/周二……/在周末*on+具体某一天-在具体某一天*at7o'clock/atnoon/atnight-在七点/在中午/在夜里*from...to...-从……到……2.地点介词*intheclassroom/inthepark-在教室里/在公园里(大地点，或在……内部)*onthedesk/onthefloor-在桌子上/在地板上(在……表面)*underthechair/underthetree-在椅子下/在树下*behindthedoor/behindthehouse-在门后/在房子后面*besidethewindow/besideme-在窗户旁边/在我旁边*nextto-紧挨着*infrontof-在……前面*between...and...-在……和……之间3.其他常用介词词组*withapen/withmyfriend-用钢笔/和我的朋友一起*foryou/forbreakfast-给你/作为早餐*fromChina-来自中国(同befromChina)*onfoot-步行*bybus/bybike/bycar-乘公共汽车/骑自行车/乘小汽车（三）名词词组(NounPhrases)*acupoftea-一杯茶*apieceofpaper-一张纸*abottleofwater-一瓶水*lotsofbooks/manybooks/somebooks-许多书/一些书*apairofshoes-一双鞋*myEnglishteacher-我的英语老师*thenameofthecat-猫的名字（四）其他常用词组*ofcourse-当然*I'msorry.-对不起。*Thankyou./Thanksalot.-谢谢你。/非常感谢。*Excuseme.-打扰一下。*Goodmorning/afternoon/evening/night.-早上/下午/晚上/晚安好。*Howareyou?-你好吗？*Nicetomeetyou.-很高兴见到你。*Goodbye./Bye.-再见。二、核心语法篇语法是语言的规则，帮助我们正确地组织句子，清晰地表达意思。（一）名词(Nouns)1.名词的单复数*规则变化：*一般情况下加-s:book→books,pen→pens*以s,x,sh,ch结尾的加-es:bus→buses,box→boxes,brush→brushes,watch→watches*以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加-es:baby→babies,family→families(元音字母+y结尾的直接加-s:boy→boys,toy→toys)*以f/fe结尾的，变f/fe为v加-es:knife→knives,leaf→leaves(部分直接加-s:roof→roofs)*以o结尾的，有生命的加-es:potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes;无生命的加-s:photo→photos,zoo→zoos*不规则变化：*man→men,woman→women,child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,sheep→sheep,fish→fish(强调种类时可加-es)（二）冠词(Articles)*a/an(不定冠词):表示“一个”，用于可数名词单数前。*a用于辅音音素开头的单词前:abook,auniversity(ju:是辅音音素)*an用于元音音素开头的单词前:anapple,anhour(h不发音，our是元音音素开头)*the(定冠词):表示“这个，那个，这些，那些”，特指某人或某物。*用于上文提到过的人或物。*用于独一无二的事物前:thesun,themoon,theearth*用于乐器前:playthepiano,playtheviolin*用于序数词前:thefirst,thesecond*零冠词:不用冠词的情况。*复数名词表示泛指时:Dogsarelovely.*不可数名词表示泛指时:Waterisimportant.*三餐、球类运动前:havebreakfast,playfootball（三）代词(Pronouns)1.人称代词(PersonalPronouns):*主格:I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they(作主语)*宾格:me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them(作宾语)*例：He(主格)lovesher(宾格).I(主格)giveit(宾格)tothem(宾格).2.物主代词(PossessivePronouns):*形容词性物主代词:my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their(后面加名词)*名词性物主代词:mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs(后面不加名词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”)*例：Thisismy(形容词性)book.Thebookismine(名词性).3.指示代词(DemonstrativePronouns):*this(这个，单数),these(这些，复数)-指近处*that(那个，单数),those(那些，复数)-指远处*例：Thisisapen.Thesearepens.Thatisaruler.Thosearerulers.（四）be动词(BeVerbs)*用法:am,is,are(现在时);was,were(过去时，简单了解)*Iam...*Youare.../Weare.../Theyare...*He/She/Itis...*否定句:在be动词后加not。*Iamnot.../I'mnot...*Youarenot.../Youaren't...*Heisnot.../Heisn't...*一般疑问句:将be动词提到句首。*AmI...?Yes,Iam./No,I'mnot.*Areyou...?Yes,Iam./Yes,weare./No,I'mnot./No,wearen't.*Ishe/she/it...?Yes,he/she/itis./No,he/she/itisn't.（五）情态动词(ModalVerbs)1.can/can't:能，会/不能，不会*后面跟动词原形。*例：Icanswim.Ican'tfly.*Canyoudance?Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.2.may:可以，可能(语气较委婉)*后面跟动词原形。3.must/mustn't:必须/禁止，不许*后面跟动词原形。*例：Youmuststudyhard.Youmustn'truninthehallway.（六）实义动词(MainVerbs)*第三人称单数(简称“三单”):*当主语是第三人称单数(he,she,it,单个人名或事物)时，一般现在时的动词要加-s或-es(变化规则类似名词复数)。*例：Shelikes(like+s)apples.Hegoes(go+es)toschoolbybus.Iteats(eat+s)fish.*否定句和疑问句(一般现在时，实义动词):*需要借助助动词do/does。*否定句:主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形。*Idon'tlikecoffee.Hedoesn't(doesnot)playbasketball.*一般疑问句:Do/Does+主语+动词原形?*Doyouhaveapen?Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.*Doesshelikemusic?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.（七）介词(Prepositions)*详见“介词词组”部分，重点掌握in,on,at,under,behind,beside,between,from,to,with,for,by等的基本用法。（八）数词(Numerals)1.基数词(CardinalNumbers):表示数量，如one,two,three...twenty,thirty...onehundred。2.序数词(OrdinalNumbers):表示顺序，如first(1st),second(2nd),third(3rd),fourth(4th)...tenth(10th)...twentieth(20th)。*序数词前通常加the:thefirstday,thesecondmonth。（九）句型(SentencePatterns)1.陈述句(DeclarativeSentences):*肯定句:主语+动词+其他.(e.g.,Ilikecats.)*否定句:主语+be动词+not+其他./主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形+其他.(e.g.,Sheisn'thappy.Idon'tknowhim.)2.疑问句(InterrogativeSentences):*一般疑问句:Be动词+主语+其他?/Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他?/Can+主语+动词原形+其他?*(e.g.,Areyouastudent?Dotheyplayfootball?Canhesing?)*回答:Yes,主语+be/do/does/can./No,主语+be+not/don't/doesn't/can't.*特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序?*常用特殊疑问词:what(什么),who(谁),where(哪里),when(何时),why(为什么),how(如何，怎样),howmany(多少，可数),howmuch(多少，不可数/多少钱)。*(e.g.,What'syourname?Wheredoyoulive?Howoldareyou?Howmanybooksdoyouhave?)3.祈使句(ImperativeSentences):表示命令、请求、建议等。*肯定:动词原形+其他.(e.g.,Openthedoor.Sitdown.)*否定:Don't+动词原形+其他.(e.g.,Don'trun.Don'tbelate.)（十）时态(Tenses)-小学阶段核心1.一般现在时(SimplePresentTense):*含义:表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或客观事实、真理。*构成:*主语+be动词(