英语基数词和序数词专项练习

英语基数词和序数词专项练习在英语的广阔天地中，数词是我们日常交流与书面表达不可或缺的基石。其中，基数词（CardinalNumbers）与序数词（OrdinalNumbers）更是频繁出没于各类场景，从描述数量到指明顺序，它们的准确运用直接关系到信息传递的精准度。本次专项练习旨在帮助学习者巩固基数词与序数词的核心知识，并通过多样化的练习提升实际应用能力。一、基数词与序数词概览与核心规则回顾（一）基数词(CardinalNumbers)基数词主要用于表示数量的多少，是数词体系中最基础的部分。*1-12:这是英语基数词的基础，需要单独记忆，如one,two,three,...,twelve。*13-19:多以"-teen"结尾，如thirteen,fourteen,fifteen(注意拼写变化),sixteen,...,nineteen。*20-90:整十位数多以"-ty"结尾，如twenty,thirty,forty(注意拼写),fifty(注意拼写),sixty,...,ninety。*21-99:由整十位数加个位数构成，中间用连字符"-"连接，如twenty-one,thirty-five,forty-nine,seventy-eight。*100及以上:"百"为hundred，"千"为thousand。表示"几百"时，hundred用单数，如twohundred(不可说twohundreds)。表示"几百几十几"时，百位数与十位数之间可加and(英式英语较常见)，如twohundred(and)thirty-four。（二）序数词(OrdinalNumbers)序数词用于表示人或事物的顺序，通常与定冠词"the"连用。其构成规则如下：*基本构成:*规则变化:大多数基数词变为序数词时，在词尾加"-th"。例如：four→fourth,six→sixth,ten→tenth,thirteen→thirteenth,twenty→twentieth,hundred→hundredth。*不规则变化:部分基数词变为序数词时，有特殊的拼写变化，需要重点记忆：*one→first*two→second*three→third*five→fifth*eight→eighth*nine→ninth*twelve→twelfth*以-ty结尾的整十数:先将词尾的"y"变为"i"，再加"-eth"。例如：twenty→twentieth,thirty→thirtieth,forty→fortieth,fifty→fiftieth。*几十几的序数词:只将个位数变为序数词，十位数仍用基数词，中间用连字符"-"连接。例如：twenty-one→twenty-first,thirty-five→thirty-fifth,forty-two→forty-second。二、专项练习（一）基础转换练习1.写出下列基数词对应的序数词。*one→__________*two→__________*three→__________*five→__________*eight→__________*nine→__________*twelve→__________*twenty→__________*thirty→__________*forty→__________*fifty→__________*nineteen→__________*twenty-three→__________*thirty-seven→__________*onehundred→__________2.写出下列序数词对应的基数词。*first→__________*second→__________*third→__________*fifth→__________*eighth→__________*ninth→__________*twelfth→__________*twentieth→__________*thirtieth→__________*fortieth→__________*fiftieth→__________*eighteenth→__________*twenty-second→__________*thirty-ninth→__________*hundredth→__________3.用括号内所给数词的适当形式填空。*Todayisthe__________(three)dayoftheweek.(提示：西方通常周日为一周第一天)*Mybirthdayisonthe__________(twelve)ofMarch.*Thisismy__________(one)timevisitingBeijing.*Thereare__________(sixty)minutesinanhour.*Shelivesonthe__________(five)floor.*Hefinished__________(two)intherace.（二）选择与应用练习4.选择正确的数词填空。*Thereare__________(seven/seventh)daysinaweek.*Januaryisthe__________(one/first)monthoftheyear.*Ineed__________(three/third)apples,please.*Myclassroomisonthe__________(four/fourth)floor.*Thisisthe__________(five/fifth)bookI'vereadthismonth.*Wehave__________(twenty/twentieth)studentsinourclass.*HewasbornonJulythe__________(eighteen/eighteenth).5.根据句意，用适当的基数词或序数词填空。*A:Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?B:Thereare__________.(假设是四口人)*A:What'sthedatetoday?B:It'sthe__________ofOctober.(假设是15日)*A:Whichlessonarewegoingtolearntoday?B:Wearegoingtolearnthe__________lesson.(假设是第8课)*A:Howoldisyourbrother?B:Heis__________yearsold.(假设是12岁)*The__________(40)anniversaryofourschoolwillbenextyear.（三）句子改写与翻译练习6.将下列句子中的基数词改为序数词，必要时调整句子。*Thisismybook.(假设是第三本书)→__________*Shehastwocats.(假设是第二只猫是黑色的)→The__________catisblack.*Weneedtenchairs.(假设是第十把椅子坏了)→The__________chairisbroken.7.翻译下列句子。*我的生日是在五月五日。*他是第二个到达教室的学生。*一年有十二个月。第十二个月是十二月。*我想要第三个蛋糕。*她住在第十五层楼。三、参考答案与解析（部分重点题）（一）基础转换练习1.first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth,twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,nineteenth,twenty-third,thirty-seventh,onehundredth2.one,two,three,five,eight,nine,twelve,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighteen,twenty-two,thirty-nine,onehundred3.third,twelfth,first,sixty,fifth,second（二）选择与应用练习4.seven,first,three,fourth,fifth,twenty,eighteenth5.four,fifteenth,eighth,twelve,fortieth（三）句子改写与翻译练习6.Thisismythirdbook./Thesecondcatisblack./Thetenthchairisbroken.7.MybirthdayisonthefifthofMay./Heisthesecondstudenttoarriveattheclassroom./Therearetwelvemonthsinayear.ThetwelfthmonthisDecember./Iwantthethirdcake./Shelivesonthefifteenthfloor.重点解析示例：*日期表达:"the+序数词+of+月份"是英式日期的常见表达，如"thefifthofMay"(5月5日)。美式也常用"Mayfifth"。*楼层表达:"onthe+序数词+floor"，注意序数词前通常有定冠词"the"。*不规则变化:如"one-first","two-second","t