初中英语动词不定式、动名词常见短语和配套练习

初中英语动词不定式、动名词常见短语和配套练习在初中英语学习中，动词不定式和动名词是两项非常重要的语法内容，它们不仅频繁出现在各类考试中，也是日常交流和阅读理解的基础。掌握好这两类非谓语动词的常见用法，尤其是那些后面习惯跟不定式或动名词的固定短语，对于提升语言运用能力至关重要。本文将梳理初中阶段最常遇到的相关短语，并辅以配套练习，帮助同学们扎实掌握。一、动词不定式短语(InfinitivePhrases)动词不定式通常由“to+动词原形”构成（有时to可以省略，如在某些使役动词和感官动词后）。它在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。这里我们重点关注那些后面常接动词不定式作宾语的动词，以及一些固定结构。1.常见“动词+不定式”短语这类动词后面直接跟不定式作宾语，表示具体的动作、意图或将来的行为。*wanttodosth.想要做某事*ShewantstolearnEnglishwell.(她想学好英语。)*hopetodosth.希望做某事*IhopetovisitParisoneday.(我希望有一天能参观巴黎。)*decidetodosth.决定做某事*Theydecidedtogohikingthisweekend.(他们决定这个周末去远足。)*plantodosth.计划做某事*WeplantohaveapicnicnextSunday.(我们计划下周日去野餐。)*trytodosth.努力做某事，试图做某事*Hetriedtosolvetheproblembyhimself.(他试图自己解决这个问题。)*learntodosth.学习做某事*Childrenlearntospeakbylistening.(孩子们通过听来学习说话。)*agreetodosth.同意做某事*Myparentsagreedtobuymeanewbike.(我父母同意给我买一辆新自行车。)*refusetodosth.拒绝做某事*Herefusedtotellmethetruth.(他拒绝告诉我真相。)*promisetodosth.承诺做某事*Shepromisedtohelpmewithmyhomework.(她承诺帮我辅导作业。)*wishtodosth.希望做某事(常带有难以实现的意味)*Iwishtoflylikeabird.(我希望像鸟一样飞。)2.常见“动词+宾语+不定式”短语有些动词后面需要先接一个宾语，然后再接不定式作宾语补足语。*tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事*Theteachertoldustobequiet.(老师叫我们安静。)*asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事*Mymotheraskedmetocleanmyroom.(妈妈让我打扫房间。)*Heaskedmenottowaitforhim.(他让我不要等他。)(注意否定形式not放在to前面)*wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事*Iwantyoutomeetmyfriend.(我想让你见见我的朋友。)*teachsb.todosth.教某人做某事*Myfathertaughtmetoswim.(爸爸教我游泳。)*encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事*Teachersencouragestudentstoaskquestions.(老师鼓励学生提问。)*allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事*Myparentsdon'tallowmetostayoutlate.(我父母不允许我在外面待到很晚。)二、动名词短语(GerundPhrases)动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成，具有名词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。很多动词或介词后面习惯跟动名词作宾语。1.常见“动词+动名词”短语这类动词后面直接跟动名词作宾语，表示习惯、爱好或已完成的动作等。*enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事*Ienjoylisteningtomusic.(我喜欢听音乐。)*finishdoingsth.完成做某事*Haveyoufinishedreadingthatbook?(你读完那本书了吗？)*practicedoingsth.练习做某事*YouneedtopracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.(你需要每天练习说英语。)*minddoingsth.介意做某事*Doyoumindopeningthewindow?(你介意打开窗户吗？)*keepdoingsth.继续做某事，一直做某事*Shekepttalkingduringthemovie.(她在看电影时一直说话。)*suggestdoingsth.建议做某事*Hesuggestedgoingforawalk.(他建议去散步。)*avoiddoingsth.避免做某事*Youshouldavoidmakingmistakes.(你应该避免犯错误。)*considerdoingsth.考虑做某事*Iamconsideringchangingmyjob.(我正在考虑换工作。)*likedoingsth.喜欢做某事(表示习惯性的爱好)*Shelikesswimminginsummer.(她夏天喜欢游泳。)(对比liketodo常表示一次性的具体行为)*hatedoingsth.讨厌做某事(表示习惯性的厌恶)*Hehatesgettingupearly.(他讨厌早起。)*startdoingsth.开始做某事*Itstartedrainingwhenwearrived.(我们到达时开始下雨了。)(starttodosth.也常用，意义相近)*stopdoingsth.停止做某事(停止正在做的事情)*Stoptalking!Theclassbegins.(别说话了！开始上课了。)2.常见“动词+介词+动名词”短语介词后面如果跟动词，该动词要用动名词形式。*begoodatdoingsth.擅长做某事*Sheisgoodatplayingthepiano.(她擅长弹钢琴。)*beinterestedindoingsth.对做某事感兴趣*Iaminterestedinlearningaboutdifferentcultures.(我对了解不同的文化感兴趣。)*thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事*giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事*Hegaveupsmokinglastyear.(他去年戒烟了。)*beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事*Iamusedtogettingupearly.(我习惯了早起。)*lookforwardtodoingsth.期待做某事*Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.(我们期待很快见到你。)(注意这里to是介词)三、易混淆点辨析有些动词后面既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，但意义上可能有区别，需要特别注意。例如：*remembertodosth.记得去做某事(事情还没做)*Remembertoposttheletter.(记得去寄信。)*rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(事情已经做了)*Irememberpostingtheletter.(我记得寄过信了。)*forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(事情没做)*Don'tforgettolockthedoor.(别忘了锁门。)*forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(事情做了但忘了)*Iforgotmeetinghimbefore.(我忘了以前见过他。)*stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事*Hestoppedtotalktome.(他停下来和我说话。)*stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事情*Hestoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.(老师进来时，他停止了说话。)*trytodosth.努力去做某事，试图做某事*Trytofinishitontime.(努力按时完成它。)*trydoingsth.尝试做某事(试试看某种方法)*Whynottryusinganothertool?(为什么不试试用另一个工具呢？)四、配套练习练习一：用括号内动词的适当形式填空(不定式或动名词)1.Shewants______(be)adoctorwhenshegrowsup.2.Mybrotherenjoys______(play)basketballwithhisfriends.3.Remember______(turnoff)thelightsbeforeyouleavetheroom.4.Haveyoufinished______(read)thatnovel?5.Mymotheroftentellsme______(study)hard.6.Hesuggested______(go)totheparkthisafternoon.7.Iamlookingforwardto______(see)youagain.8.Theydecided______(notgo)therebybus.9.Doyoumind______(open)thedoorforme?10.Shepractices______(sing)everymorning.练习二：选择填空1.Heaskedme______(help/tohelp)himwithhismath.2.Weshouldavoid______(make/making)thesamemistake.3.Shelikes______(dance/dancing)verymuch.4.Myfathertoldme______(notswim/nottoswim)intheriver.5.After______(finish/finishing)homework,Iwenttobed.练习三：改写句子(根据括号内提示，用不定式或动名词改写)1.It'simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.(用Learning开头作主语)_________________________________________________2.Sheoftenhelpshermotherwiththehousework.(用helpsb.todosth.结构)_________________________________________________3.Isuggestthatweshouldhaveameetingtomorrow.(用suggestdoingsth.结构)_________________________________________________五、参考答案与解析练习一：1.tobe(wanttodosth.)2.playing(enjoydoingsth.)3.toturnoff(remembertodosth.记得去做某事)4.reading(finishdoingsth.)5.tostudy(tellsb.todosth.)6.going(suggestdoingsth.)7.seeing(lookforwardtodoi