2025Linux系统文本信息处理实验方案指南

/第/第1页21VMwareWorkStationProOracleVMVirtualBoxMobaxterm本地主机与虚拟机能够访问互联网，虚拟机网络不使用DHCP1、本实验需要VM12、本实验VM/第/第11页CPU：1颗，1网卡：1IP地址：31\h#查看/etc/目录下的profile文件的内容[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]##查看/etc/目录下的profile文件的内容[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#cat/etc/profile profile文件##Systemwideenvironmentandstartupprograms,forloginsetup#Functionsandaliasesgoin/etc/bashrc#It'sNOTagoodideatochangethisfileunlessyouknowwhaty#aredoing.It'smuchbettertocreateacustom.shshellscript#/etc/profile.d/tomakecustomchangestoyourenvironment,ast#willpreventtheneedformerginginfuturepathmunge()case":${PATH}:"if["$2"="after"];then profileprofile[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#cat-b ##Systemwideenvironmentandstartupprograms,forlogin#Functionsandaliasesgoin#It'sNOTagoodideatochangethisfileunlessyouknowwhatyou#aredoing.It'smuchbettertocreateacustom.shshellscripti#/etc/profile.d/tomakecustomchangestoyourenvironment,asthis#willpreventtheneedformerginginfuturepathmunge()case":${PATH}:" if["$2"="after"];19 profile[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#cat-n##Systemwideenvironmentandstartupprograms,forlogin#Functionsandaliasesgoin#It'sNOTagoodideatochangethisfileunlessyouknowt#aredoing.It'smuchbettertocreateacustom.shshellscripti#/etc/profile.d/tomakecustomchangestoyourenvironment,asthis#willpreventtheneedformerginginfuturepathmungepathmunge()case":${PATH}:" if["$2"="after"];22 #查看/etc/profile[root@Lab-03-Task-01#查看/etc/profile[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#more-dc/etc/profile profile文件##Systemwideenvironmentandstartupprograms,forloginsetup#Functionsandaliasesgoin/etc/bashrc#It'sNOTagoodideatochangethisfileunlessyouknowwhaty#aredoing.It'smuchbettertocreateacustom.shshellscript#/etc/profile.d/tomakecustomchangestoyourenvironment,ast#willpreventtheneedformerginginfuturepathmunge()case":${PATH}:"if["$2"="after"];then#此处省略部分内容 profile#查看/etc/profile[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#more-c-5 profile###Systemwideenvironmentandstartupprograms,forloginsetup#Functionsandaliasesgoin/etc/bashrc#查看前10[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#head#查看前10[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#head/etc/profile profile文件##Systemwideenvironmentandstartupprograms,forloginsetup#Functionsandaliasesgoin/etc/bashrc#It'sNOTagoodideatochangethisfileunlessyouknowwhaty#aredoing.It'smuchbettertocreateacustom.shshellscript#/etc/profile.d/tomakecustomchangestoyourenvironment,ast#willpreventtheneedformerginginfutureprofile#查看前2[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#head-v-n2#查看最后10[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#tail#查看最后10[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#tail/etc/passwd#/etc/profile#Systemwideenvironmentandstartupprograms,forloginsetup#Functionsandaliasesgoin/etc/bashrc#It'sNOTagoodideatochangethisfileunlessyouknowwhaty#aredoing.It'smuchbettertocreateacustom.shshellscript#/etc/profile.d/tomakecustomchangestoyourenvironment,ast#willpreventtheneedformerginginfutureupdates.#查看最后2行,并展示文件名[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#tail-v-n2/etc/passwd passwd==>/etc/passwdsystemd-oom:x:992:992:systemdUserspaceOOMKiller:/:/usr/sbin/nol passwd#查看/etc/passwd包含user的文本行的行数[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]##查看/etc/passwd包含user的文本行的行数[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#grep-cuser/etc/passwd#查看/etc/passwduser[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#grep-nuser/etc/passwd18:chrony:x:997:994:chronysystemuser:/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologi#查看/etc/passwduser[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#grep'^\user'#使用sed[root@Lab-03-Task-01#使用sed[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#sed'2a#test123456789'/var/log/messag messagesJul1709:25:01qs-dev-platsystemd[1]:StartingCheckpmloggerinstancesarerunning...Jul1709:25:01qs-dev-platsystemd[1]:StartedCheckpmloggerinstancesarerunning.Jul1709:25:03qs-dev-platsystemd[1]:pmlogger_check.service:Succ messages##使用sort命令对/var/log/messages排序[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#sort/var/log/messages messages文件Jul1709:10:35venusjournal:Runtimejournalisusing8.0M(maxallowed90.9M,tryingtoleave136.4Mfreeof901.6Mavailable→currentlimit90.9M).Jul1815:50:00venuskernel:InitializingcgroupsubsysJul1514:19:59marsjournal:Runtimejournalisusing8.0M(maxallowed90.9M,tryingtoleave136.4Mfreeof901.6Mavailable→currentlimit90.9M).Jul1514:19:59marskernel:#011RCUrestrictingCPUsfromNR_CPUS=5120tonr_cpu_ids=128. #输出包含"MySQL"的行[root@Lab-03-Task-01#输出包含"MySQL"的行[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#awk'/MySQL/'/var/log/messages messagesJul1514:19:00Saturnsystemd[1]:StartingMySQLJul1514:19:09Saturnsystemd[1]:StartedMySQLJul1514:19:11Saturnsystemd[1]:StoppingMySQLServer...Jul1514:19:15Saturnsystemd[1]:StoppedMySQLServer.Jul1514:19:22Saturnsystemd[1]:StartingMySQLServer...Jul1514:19:25Saturnsystemd[1]:StartedMySQLServer.Jul1514:19:30Saturndnf[17828]:MySQL8.0Community5.9kB/s|2.6 Jul1514:19:59Saturndnf[17828]:MySQLConnectors5.4kB/s|2.6 Jul1514:19:59Saturndnf[17828]:MySQLTools4.8kB/s|2.6 messages360[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#awk'length>360'/var/log/messages messagesJul1514:07:16Saturnsystemd:systemd252-15.el9runninginsystemmode(+PAM+AUDIT+SELINUX-APPARMOR+IMA+SMACK+SECCOMP+GCRYPT+GNUTLS+OPENSSL+ACL+BLKID+CURL+ELFUTILS-FIDO2+IDN2-IDN-IPTC+KMOD+LIBCRYPTSETUP+LIBFDISK+PCRE2-PWQUALITY+P11KIT-QRENCODE+TPM2+BZIP2+LZ4+XZ+ZLIB+ZSTD-BPF_FRAMEWORK+XKBCOMMON+UTMPVINITdefault-Jul1514:19:22Saturnsystemd:systemd252-15.el9runninginsystemmode(+PAM+AUDIT+SELINUX-APPARMOR+IMA+SMACK+SECCOMP+GCRYPT+GNUTLS+OPENSSL+ACL+BLKID+CURL+ELFUTILS-FIDO2+IDN2-IDN-IPTC+KMOD+LIBCRYPTSETUP+LIBFDISK+PCRE2-PWQUALITY+P11KIT-QRENCODE+TPM2+BZIP2+LZ4+XZ+ZLIB+ZSTD-BPF_FRAMEWORK+XKBCOMMON+UTMPVINITdefault-Jul1514:23:59Saturncontainerd[798]:time="2023-08-12T12:08:37.767774118+08:00"level=infomsg="skiploadingplugin\"io.containerd.snapshotter.v1.aufs\"..."error="aufsisnotsupported(modprobeaufsfailed:exitstatus1\"modprobe:FATAL:Moduleaufsnotfoundindirectory/lib/modules/5.14.0-333.el9.x86_64\\n\"):skipplugin"typ messages#使用uniq[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#uniq/var/log/messages#使用uniq[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#uniq/var/log/messages messagesJul1514:19:59marsjournal:Runtimejournalisusing8.0M(maxallowed90.9M,tryingtoleave136.4Mfreeof901.6Mavailable→currentlimit90.9M).Jul1514:19:59marskernel:InitializingcgroupsubsyscpusetJul1514:19:59marskernel:InitializingcgroupsubsyscpuJul1514:19:59marskernel:Initializingcgroupsubsyscpuacct messages#综合应用[root@Lab-03-Task-01[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#sed's/\[.*$//'/var/log/messages|sed\{35\}//'|sort|uniq- sort|uniq-6-0186-013-01119-013-01dbus-broker-140-016-01dracut-12-01dracut-8-019-013-01kernel:#011RudevariantofTasksRCU3-01kernel:#011TracingvariantofTasksRCUenabled#此处省略了部分提示信息 #在/var/log/messages[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#vi#在/var/log/messages[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#vi/var/log/messages messagesJul710:04:43Project-Number-Task-01kernel:Linuxversion5.14.0-64\h(mockbuild@)(gcc(GCC)11.4.1230605(Red11.4.1-2),GNUldversion2.35.2-42.el9)#1SMPCWedJun287:27UTCJul710:04:43Project-Number-Task-01kernel:ThelistofcertifiedhardwareandcloudinstancesforRedHatEnterpriseLinux9canbeviewedattheRedHatEcosystemCatalog,Jul710:04:43Project-Number-Task-01kernel:Commandline:BOOos1)/vmlinuz-5.14.0-333.el9.x86_64root=/dev/mapper/cs_miwifi--r3600--srv-rootrocrashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512Mresume=/dev/m00--srv-swaprd.lvm.lv=cs_miwifi-r3600-srv/rootrd.lvm.lv=cs_miwifi-r3 messages#下载#下载yuminstall-y#在/[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#nano/var/log/messages messages文件Jul710:04:43Project-Number-Task-01kernel:Linuxversion5.14.0-64\h(mockbuild@)(gcc(GCC)11.4.1230605(Red11.4.1-2),GNUldversion2.35.2-42.el9)#1SMPCWedJun287:27UTCJul710:04:43Project-Number-Task-01kernel:ThelistofcertifiedhardwareandcloudinstancesforRedHatEnterpriseLinux9canbeviewedattheRedHatEcosystemCatalog,Jul710:04:43Project-Number-Task-01kernel:Commandline:BOOos1)/vmlinuz-5.14.0-333.el9.x86_64root=/dev/mapper/cs_miwifi--r3600--srv-rootrocrashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512Mresume=/dev/m00--srv-swaprd.lvm.lv=cs_miwifi-r3600-srv/rootrd.lvm.lv=cs_miwifi-r3 ctrl+O#使用键盘快捷键ctrl+x[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#grep-v“^$”[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#grep-v“^$” #rsyslogconfiguration#Formoreinformationsee/usr/share/doc/rsyslog-*/rsyslog_conf.ht#orlatestversiononlineat\h/doc/rsyslog_con#Ifyouexperienceproblems,see\h/doc/troub####MODULES #providessupportforlocalsystemging(e.g.vialoggerSysSock.Use="off")#Turnoffmessagereceptionvialocallogsocket;#localmessagesareretrievedthroughjournal #providesaccesstothesystemdjournalStateFile="imjournal.state")#Filetostorethepositioninthe#module(load="imklog")#readskernelmessages(thesamearereadfromjournald)#module(load="immark")#provides--MARK--messagecapability#此处省略部分内容 #查看前10[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#head/etc/rsyslog.conf #rsyslogconfiguration#Formoreinformationsee/usr/share/doc/rsyslog-*/rsyslog_conf.ht#orlatestversiononlineat\h/doc/rsyslog_con#Ifyouexperienceproblems,see\h/doc/troub####MODULES #providessupportforlocalsystemlogging(e.g.vialoggercommand)SysSock.Use="off")#Turnoffmessagereceptionvialocallogsocket; #查看最后10[root@Lab-03-Task-01~]#tail/etc/rsyslog.conf #Anon-diskqueu