2025-2026学年黑龙江省哈尔滨市某学校高二上学期12月月考英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1黑龙江省哈尔滨市某学校2025-2026学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每题2.5分，满分37.5分）ASwitzerlandisnotacheapcountrytolivein.However,theeducationcomesatarelativelylowtuitionfee(学费),especiallycomparedtosimilarlytop-rankededucationhotspotsworldwide!Inordertoprepareforyourstudy,takealookatthestudentbudget.Pleasecheckouttheexactcostsintheuniversitiesyouaregoingtoapplyfor.StudentbudgetinSwitzerlandTuitionfeeCHF500—2,000persemester,dependingonuniversitiesSuppliesCHF100permonthFoodCHF600permonthAccommodationCHF700permonthClothesandpersonalitemsCHF150permonthHealthinsuranceCHF90permonthOthers（phone,internet,transport）CHF200permonthProgrammeDuration&ECTSSwitzerland—likeallotherEuropeancountries—usesthe“EuropeanCreditTransferandAccumulationSystem”(ECTS).Itisdesignedtoawardcreditpointsaccordingtotheachievementoflearningoutcomes.Putinsimpleterms:Togetadegree,youhavetogetalltherequiredcreditpoints.TheECTScreditpointsystemallowsstudentstohavetheirachievementseasilyrecognizedinotherEuropeancountries.OneECTScreditpointequalsonaveragebetween25and30hours(workload).60creditsareassignedtooneyearoffull-timestudy.180creditsarerequiredforabachelordegreeandittakesthreeyearsoffull-timestudy.Amaster’sdegreeisworth90—120creditsandtakes1.5—2yearsoffull-timestudy.WorkingWhileStudyingForeignstudentsmayworkamaximumof15hoursperweekduringtheirstudies,andupto100percentduringsemesterbreaks.Thismustbereported,inallcases,totheresponsibleauthoritiesandapplyforaworkpermit.StudentsfromoutsidetheEU/EFTAregionmayonlystartworkingsixmonthsafterthebeginningoftheirstudies.1.Howmuchwillastudentspendonfoodandaccommodationeachmonth?A.AboutCHF600. B.AboutCHF700.C.AboutCHF800. D.AboutCHF1,300.2.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheso-calledECTScreditpoints?A.Theyareonlyawardedtointernationalstudents.B.TheyarewidelyacceptedinEuropeanuniversities.C.180ECTScreditsarerequiredforamaster’sdegree.D.Studentshavetostudy20hourstogetoneECTScredit.3.WhatshouldaChinesestudentdoifshewantstoworkinSwitzerland?A.GetanEU/EFTAcard. B.Limitworkhoursto25.C.Applyforaworkpermit. D.Lookforworkonarrival.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍瑞士留学的费用预算、ECTS学分体系以及留学生的打工规定，为准备赴瑞留学者提供参考。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据“StudentbudgetinSwitzerland”表格中的信息，“Food”每月CHF600，“Accommodation”每月CHF700，两者每月总花费为600+700=CHF1300。故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据“ProgrammeDuration&ECTS”部分中的“TheECTScreditpointsystemallowsstudentstohavetheirachievementseasilyrecognizedinotherEuropeancountries.(ECTS学分体系能让学生的学业成绩在其他欧洲国家轻松得到认可)”可知，ECTS学分在欧洲大学中被广泛接受。故选B项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据“WorkingWhileStudying”部分中的“Foreignstudentsmayworkamaximumof15hoursperweekduringtheirstudies,andupto100percentduringsemesterbreaks.

Thismustbereported,inallcases,totheresponsibleauthoritiesandapplyforaworkpermit.StudentsfromoutsidetheEU/EFTAregionmayonlystartworkingsixmonthsafterthebeginningoftheirstudies.(外国学生在学习期间每周最多可以工作15个小时，在学期休息期间最多可以工作100%。但无论何种情况，都必须向主管部门报备并申请工作许可。来自欧盟/欧洲自由贸易联盟以外地区的学生，需在入学六个月后才能开始打工)”可知，中国学生若想在瑞士打工，需申请工作许可。故选C项。BInthescientifichistory,fewrivalries(竞争)havecapturedtheimaginationliketheonebetweenNikolaTeslaandThomasEdison.Thesetwoinventors,eachwiththeiruniqueapproachesandvisions,engagedinafiercecompetitionthatforevertransformedtheworldofelectricityandinnovation.ThepathsofNikolaTeslaandThomasEdisonfirstcrossedinthelate1800swhenTeslaarrivedintheUnitedStateswithhisboundlessenthusiasmandinventivespirit.Tesla,ayoungSerbianengineer,soughtopportunitiestoworkonhisambitiousideas.Edison,alreadyanestablishedinventorandentrepreneur,recognizedTesla’stalentandemployedhimathiscompany,theEdisonMachineWorks.ItwasduringTesla’stimeworkingforEdisonthattheseedsofrivalryweresown.Edisonadvocateddirectcurrent(DC)asthedominantmethodforelectricaldistribution,whileTeslasawthepotentialofalternatingcurrent(AC)systems,whichofferedgreaterefficiencyoverlongerdistances.TheturningpointintheirrivalryoccurredwiththeChicagoWorld’sFairin1893．Tesla,backedbyGeorgeWestinghouse,successfullyshowcasedthesuperiorityofACbylightingthefairgroundswithhisAC-poweredsystem.ThissuccesscrushedEdison’sclaimsofDC’ssuperiority,leadingtothewidespreadadoptionofACasthestandardforelectricalpowertransmission(传输).However,duetoEdison’sinfluence,ACpowerwasinitiallydismissedasdangerousandunreliable.Inordertodemonstrateitssafety,TeslaheldapublicdemonstrationwherehefamouslylitupastringoflightsusinghisACmotorpoweredbyNiagaraFalls,provingonceandforallthatACpowerwassafeforuseinhomesandbusinessesaroundtheworld.WhilebothsidesfoughtfiercelyforcontrolofelectricitydistributionnetworksacrossAmerica,itwasultimatelyTesla’sACsystemthatwonoutduetoitsgreaterefficiencyoverlongdistancescomparedwithDCsystemswhichquicklylostvoltage(电压)asdistanceincreasedfromtheirsourcepoint.EventuallyevenEdisonhimselfcamearoundandaccepteddefeatwhenhefinallyadmittedthat“Teslahassolvedanextremelydifficultproblem”.Despitetheirdifferences,thetwomenhadanunwillingrespectforeachother.EdisonwasknowntorefertoTeslaas“oneofthegreatestelectricalgeniusestheworldhaseverseen”whileTeslapraisedEdison’scontributionstothefieldofelectricity.Thoughtheirrivalrydefinedthedevelopmentofelectricityinthelate19thcentury,itsimpactstillresonates(产生共鸣)today.4.InwhichaspectdidTesla’sandEdison’sviewsonelectricalsystemsdiffer?A.Thesourceofelectricalpower.B.Theinventionofelectricaldevices.C.Theefficiencyofpowergeneration.D.Themethodofelectricaltransmission.5.HowdidTeslaprovethereliabilityofACpower?A.ByconductingapublicexperimentatNiagaraFalls.B.BydisplayingAC-poweredlightinginacommunity.C.BygettingsupportfromGeorgeWestinghouse.D.ByhighlightingthelimitationsofDCpower.6.WhydidTesla’sACsystemfinallyachievesuccess?A.Itprovidedhighervoltageoutputs.B.Itwaseasiertooperateandmaintain.C.Ithadsuperiorlong-rangeperformance.D.Itreceivedmorefinancialbacking.7.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext?A.Everycloudhasasilverlining.B.Realknowledgecomesfrompractice.C.Arisingtideliftsallboats.D.Rivalryfuelsprogress.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.D【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。通过讲述尼古拉·特斯拉（NikolaTesla）和托马斯·爱迪生（ThomasEdison）之间的竞争故事，详细说明了这两位发明家在电力和创新领域所产生的影响以及他们各自的技术观点。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“ItwasduringTesla’stimeworkingforEdisonthattheseedsofrivalryweresown.Edisonadvocateddirectcurrent(DC)asthedominantmethodforelectricaldistribution,whileTeslasawthepotentialofalternatingcurrent(AC)systems,whichofferedgreaterefficiencyoverlongerdistances.(正是在特斯拉为爱迪生工作的那段时间里，竞争的种子播下了。爱迪生主张将直流电（DC）作为主要的配电方式，而特斯拉则看到了交流电（AC）系统的潜力，交流电可以在更远的距离上提供更高的效率)”可知，特斯拉和爱迪生在电传动的方法有所不同。故选D项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“However,duetoEdison’sinfluence,ACpowerwasinitiallydismissedasdangerousandunreliable.Inordertodemonstrateitssafety,TeslaheldapublicdemonstrationwherehefamouslylitupastringoflightsusinghisACmotorpoweredbyNiagaraFalls,provingonceandforallthatACpowerwassafeforuseinhomesandbusinessesaroundtheworld.(然而，由于爱迪生的影响，交流电最初被认为是危险和不可靠的。为了证明它的安全性，特斯拉举行了一次公开演示，他用尼亚加拉大瀑布供电的交流电机点亮了一串灯，从而彻底证明了交流电在世界各地的家庭和企业中使用是安全的)”可知，特斯拉通过在尼亚加拉大瀑布进行公开实验来证明交流电的可靠性。故选A项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“WhilebothsidesfoughtfiercelyforcontrolofelectricitydistributionnetworksacrossAmerica,itwasultimatelyTesla’sACsystemthatwonoutduetoitsgreaterefficiencyoverlongdistancescomparedwithDCsystemswhichquicklylostvoltage(电压)asdistanceincreasedfromtheirsourcepoint.EventuallyevenEdisonhimselfcamearoundandaccepteddefeatwhenhefinallyadmittedthat“Teslahassolvedanextremelydifficultproblem”.(虽然双方都在为控制美国各地的配电网络而激烈竞争，但最终特斯拉的交流系统胜出，因为与直流系统相比，它在长距离上的效率更高，而直流系统随着距离源点的增加而迅速失去电压。最后，连爱迪生自己也接受了失败，他终于承认“特斯拉解决了一个极其困难的问题”)”可知，因为交流系统具有优越的远程性能，所以最终取得了成功。故选C项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Inthescientifichistory,fewrivalries(竞争)havecapturedtheimaginationliketheonebetweenNikolaTeslaandThomasEdison.Thesetwoinventors,eachwiththeiruniqueapproachesandvisions,engagedinafiercecompetitionthatforevertransformedtheworldofelectricityandinnovation.(在科学史上，很少有竞争能像尼古拉·特斯拉和托马斯·爱迪生之间的竞争那样引人入胜。这两位发明家，各有其独特的方法和愿景，从事激烈的竞争，永远改变了世界的电力和创新)”以及最后一段“Despitetheirdifferences,thetwomenhadanunwillingrespectforeachother.EdisonwasknowntorefertoTeslaas“oneofthegreatestelectricalgeniusestheworldhaseverseen”whileTeslapraisedEdison’scontributionstothefieldofelectricity.Thoughtheirrivalrydefinedthedevelopmentofelectricityinthelate19thcentury,itsimpactstillresonates(产生共鸣)today.(尽管他们有分歧，这两个人还是不情愿地互相尊重。爱迪生称特斯拉是“世界上最伟大的电气天才之一”，而特斯拉则称赞爱迪生对电学领域的贡献。尽管他们的竞争决定了19世纪后期电力的发展，但其影响至今仍在产生共鸣)”可知，文章主要讲述了尼古拉·特斯拉和托马斯·爱迪生之间的竞争改变世界的电力和创新，所以作者想在文章中传达竞争推动进步的观点。故选D项。CForoveracentury,hypodermicneedleshavebeenastandardtoolinmedicine.Despiteadvancesinmedicaltechnology,thebasicdesignofneedles—ahollow,pointedtube—hasremainedlargelyunchanged.Withluck,thatmaysoonchange.AsYichiMa,amechanicalengineerattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andhiscolleaguesoutlineinareviewpaperinBiomimeticIntelligenceandRobotics,researchersaroundtheworldarenowturningtonatureforinspirationtocreatelesspainfulandmoreeffectiveneedles.Anobvioussourceofideashasbeenmosquitoes,whichmanagetoextracttheirbloodmealsalmostpainlessly.Onereasonisthattheinsectsemploysomespecificchemicalswhentheyfirstpiercetheskin.Butanotherhastodowiththeshapeandactionoftheirmouthparts.Theirproboscishasaserrated(锯齿状的),softtipandvibratesasitpiercestheskin,reducingtheforceneeded.Scientistshavedevelopedneedlesmimickingthisdesign,whichrequire27%lessinsertionforcethantraditionalneedles.These“mosquitoneedles”couldimprovedelicateprocedureslikebiopsies,whereprecisioniscritical.Anotherchallengeisguidinglong,thinneedlesdeepintothebodywithoutbendingorbreaking.Researchersstudiedfemalewasps,whichuseneedle-likeovipositors(产卵器)todrillintowoodorfruitbeforedepositingeggs.Theyconsistofslidingsections,similartoanextendingtelescope.Byreplicatingthisstructurewithspecialwires,scientistscreatedultra-thinneedlesthatcannavigatetissuesliketheliverwithoutdamage,potentiallyreducingtheneedforsurgery.Thereareotherideas,too.Oneisaneedlethatswellsattheendonceinserted,inspiredbyawormthatattachesitselftofishes.Anotherisaninjectorthatcanpreciselysteertheflowofdrugsacrossitssurfaces.ItismodelledafterEuropeantruebugs,afamilywhichincludesaphidandbedbugs.Somecanusemicrostructurestosteerdefensivechemicalsaroundtheoutsidesoftheirbodies.Fornow,suchdevicesremainconfinedtolabs.Butthereisabigmarketforbetterneedles.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganisation,onepersoninfoursaystheysufferfromafearofneedles,sothesavingsonstickersandsweetsforthebravesoulswhorolluptheirsleeveswouldbeconsiderable.8.Howdomosquito-inspiredneedlesreducepain?A.Bybeingshorterandthinner.B.Byusingchemicalstonumbtheskin.C.Bybeingsofterthantraditionalneedles.D.Byvibratingandrequiringlessinsertionforce.9.Whatcanweinferaboutwasp-inspiredneedles?A.Theyaremainlyusedforbiopsies.B.Theycanbendeasilywithoutbreaking.C.Theymayreducetheneedforsomesurgeries.D.Theyarealreadywidelyusedinhospitals.10.WhatistheadvantageoftheneedleinspiredbyEuropeantruebugs?A.Itcanvibratetoreduceinsertionpain.B.Itcanswellafterenteringthebody.C.Itcanpreciselycontroldrugdelivery.D.Itcandrillintohardtissueseasily.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheHistoryofHypodermicNeedles.B.Nature’sBlueprintforBetterNeedles.C.HowMosquitoesInspireMedicalTools.D.TheWHO’sReportonNeedleFear.【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员从蚊子、黄蜂等自然界生物获灵感，研发更优针具及其潜在优势。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theirproboscishasaserrated(锯齿状的),softtipandvibratesasitpiercestheskin,reducingtheforceneeded.Scientistshavedevelopedneedlesmimickingthisdesign,whichrequire27%lessinsertionforcethantraditionalneedles.(它们的喙有一个锯齿状的，柔软的尖端，当它刺穿皮肤时振动，减少了所需的力量。科学家们已经开发出了模仿这种设计的针，这种针比传统针所需的插入力少27%。)”可知，受蚊子启发的针在刺穿皮肤时会振动，且插入力比传统针少27%，所以能减轻疼痛。故选D。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Byreplicatingthisstructurewithspecialwires,scientistscreatedultra-thinneedlesthatcannavigatetissuesliketheliverwithoutdamage,potentiallyreducingtheneedforsurgery.(通过用特殊的线复制这种结构，科学家们创造了超薄的针头，可以在不损坏肝脏等组织的情况下导航，从而有可能减少手术的需要。)”可知，受黄蜂启发的针可以在不损伤肝脏等组织的情况下进入体内，有可能减少手术的需求。故选C。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Anotherisaninjectorthatcanpreciselysteertheflowofdrugsacrossitssurfaces.ItismodelledafterEuropeantruebugs,afamilywhichincludesaphidandbedbugs.(另一种是注射器，可以精确地控制药物在其表面的流动。它模仿的是欧洲真正的虫子，包括蚜虫和臭虫。)”可知，受欧洲臭虫启发的针能精确控制药物的流动，也就是能精确控制药物递送。故选C。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“AsYichiMa,amechanicalengineerattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andhiscolleaguesoutlineinareviewpaperinBiomimeticIntelligenceandRobotics,researchersaroundtheworldarenowturningtonatureforinspirationtocreatelesspainfulandmoreeffectiveneedles.(正如加州大学伯克利分校的机械工程师YichiMa和他的同事在《仿生智能与机器人》杂志上发表的一篇综述论文中概述的那样，世界各地的研究人员现在都在向大自然寻求灵感，以制造更少痛苦、更有效的针头。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员从自然界的蚊子、黄蜂、欧洲臭虫等生物身上获取灵感，研发出更好的针。所以“Nature’sBlueprintforBetterNeedles(自然界为更好的针提供的蓝图)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。DWelearnabouttheworldthroughtheknowledgeaccumulatedoverthousandsofyears.standingontheshouldersofgreatmen,wedon’thavetoexperienceendlesstrialanderror,justasthewheelsdonothavetobereinventedeachtimetorunacar.Butwheredoesourabilitytolearnfromotherscomefrom?AstudyledbyMarkusPaulus,professoratLoyolaMarymountUniversity,showsthattheabilityhasitsrootsinearliestchildhood.“It’sgenerallyassumedthatchildren’sabilitytoimitate(模仿)isinborn,butaccordingtoourobservation,childrenimitatebecausetheythemselvesareimitatedbycaregivers.Thisinteractionenablesaculturaltransferofknowledge,which,throughgenerations’efforts,consequentlyleadstothedevelopmentofhumanbeings,”saysMarkusPaulus.Inthisresearch,Paulusrecordedtheinteractionbetweenmotherandchildoverseveralmonths.Thebabiescameintothelabforthefirsttimeattheageof6months,whiletheirfinalvisitwaswhentheywere18monthsold.Astheyengagedinvariousplaysituations,theinteractionsandimitationsofmotherandchildwereanalyzed.Thelong-termstudyshowedthatthemoresensitiveamotherwasinherinteractionswithhersix-month-oldchildandthemoreoftensheimitatedthebaby,thegreaterthechild’soverallabilitywasattheageof18months.Paulus’researchshowsthatmutualimitationisthekeystoneofknowledgetransfer,throughwhichchildrensuccessfullylearnvariousskills,suchashowtouseobjects,wavingandacquisitionoflanguage.“Thisinteractionisthenucleusoflearningand,finally,givesrisetoevolutionarysuccessofhuman,”saysPaulus.“Culturallearningisanessentialpartofhumanevolution,anditisrootedintheimitationofothers,particularlyourcaregiversduringourearliestchildhood,”saysPaulus.“Throughthis,welearnfromeachotherandpassonknowledgetothenextgeneration,socertainactionsortechniquesdonothavetobeconstantlyinventedagain.”12.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofwheels?A.Topraisetheinventionofcarwheels. B.Todescribetheprocessoftrialanderror.C.Toemphasizethenecessityofnewtools. D.Toshowtheimportanceofpriorknowledge.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutPaulus’research?A.Children’simitationwasrecordedbymothers.B.Sensitivemothersencouragedchildren’simitation.C.Children’sabilitywasanalyzedthroughinteraction.D.Effectiveinteractionpromotedchildren’sdevelopment.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nucleus”meaninparagraph4?A.Core. B.Result. C.Aim. D.Content.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhydoesEvolutionMatter? B.HowtoInteractwithChildren?C.Imitation:TheEngineofEvolution D.CulturalLearning:TheRootofImitation【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了模仿对于人际互动，学习和人类文明演进的重要性。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Welearnabouttheworldthroughtheknowledgeaccumulatedoverthousandsofyears.standingontheshouldersofgreatmen,wedon’thavetoexperienceendlesstrialanderror,justasthewheelsdonothavetobereinventedeachtimetorunacar.Butwheredoesourabilitytolearnfromotherscomefrom?(我们通过几千年积累的知识来了解世界。站在伟人的肩膀上，我们不必经历无尽的尝试和错误，就像汽车的轮子不必每次都重新发明一样。但是我们向别人学习的能力从何而来呢？)”和第二段“It’sgenerallyassumedthatchildren’sabilitytoimitate(模仿)isinborn,butaccordingtoourobservation,childrenimitatebecausetheythemselvesareimitatedbycaregivers.Thisinteractionenablesaculturaltransferofknowledge,which,throughgenerations’efforts,consequentlyleadstothedevelopmentofhumanbeings(人们通常认为孩子的模仿能力是天生的，但根据我们的观察，孩子模仿是因为他们自己被照顾者模仿。这种相互作用使知识的文化转移成为可能，通过几代人的努力，知识的文化转移最终导致了人类的发展)”可推知，作者提到轮子的例子是为了强调先前知识的重要性。正是站在巨人的肩膀上，我们不必再重新进行研究和试验。故选D。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thelong-termstudyshowedthatthemoresensitiveamotherwasinherinteractionswithhersix-month-oldchildandthemoreoftensheimitatedthebaby,thegreaterthechild’soverallabilitywasattheageof18months.(这项长期研究表明，母亲在与6个月大的孩子互动时越敏感，她模仿孩子的次数越多，孩子在18个月大时的整体能力就越强)”可知，Paulus的研究表明，妈妈越频繁地模仿孩子，孩子的发育水平越好。因此可知，有效的互动促进了孩子们的发展。故选D。【14题详析】词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“oflearningand,finally,givesrisetoevolutionarysuccessofhuman”可知，这种相互作用最终导致了人类进化的成功，说明是学习的核心，故划线词意思是“核心”。故选A。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段““Culturallearningisanessentialpartofhumanevolution,anditisrootedintheimitationofothers,particularlyourcaregiversduringourearliestchildhood,”saysPaulus.“Throughthis,welearnfromeachotherandpassonknowledgetothenextgeneration,socertainactionsortechniquesdonothavetobeconstantlyinventedagain.”(“文化学习是人类进化的重要组成部分，它植根于对他人的模仿，尤其是我们童年早期的照顾者，”保卢斯说。“通过这种方式，我们相互学习，并将知识传授给下一代，因此某些动作或技术不必不断地重新发明。”)”结合文章主要讲述了模仿在人类进化中的重要性，强调了模仿对于人类进化的推动作用。因此，最佳标题应该是“模仿：进化的引擎”。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项有两项为多余选项。Whyisitsohardtobetrulyhonestwithyourself?Sometimesit’sbecauseyoudon’tknowwhatyouwant.Othertimesyoudoknowwhatyouwant,butyou’retooafraidtoadmitit.___16___Quiteoften,thetruthcanbeveryuglyandpainful,particularlyifyou’vespentmuchtimelyingtoyourselfaboutthingsbigandsmall.___17___Ifyoucan’trelyonyourselfbecauseyouaren’tintunewithyourtruth,you’llendupmakingyourselfpainful.Thus,youmustbehonestwithyourselftofigureoutwhatyouwantoutoflifesoyoucanactuallyputforththeefforttobuildit.Herearethreeideasthathelpyoubecomemorehonestwithyourself.Taketimetoreflectonyourday,everyday.Whatdidyoudorightorwrong?Werethereanypointswhereyoudidn’tactintunewithyouractualfeelingsanddesires?___18___Consideringhowyouactedthroughoutthedaycanhelpyousortthroughyourfeelingsandactionsofthedayifyoustruggletobehonestwithyourself.Acknowledgeyourfeelings.Yourfeelingsaresignpostsonyourjourneytotruth,peaceofmind,andhappiness.___19___Soconsiderhowyourexperiencesanddecisionsmakeyoufeel,andunderstandwhyyoufeelthewayyoudo.Thiswillhelpyougetintunewithyourselfandmakebetterdecisionsaboutasituation.Acceptthatyoucan’tknoweverything.Youcan’tpossiblyknoweverythingabouteverybody.Therefore,it’sabsolutelynormalforyoutodosomethingwrong.Sodon’tmakeexcusesforyourself.___20___A.Howwillyoudobetter?B.Butwhyishonestywithyourselfsoimportant?C.Thisisn’tamatterofbeingsmartorwiseenough.D.Couldyouhavespokenupandadvocatedforyourselfbetter?E.They’retryingtopointyoutowardapaththatmakessenseforyou.F.Youjustneedtobehonestwithyourselfwhenyoumakethosemistakes.G.Maybeyoujustdon’twanttoacceptrealitybecausethetruthisunpleasant.【答案】16.G17.B18.D19.E20.F【语篇解读】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种如何对自己诚实的办法。【16题详析】根据上一句“Othertimesyoudoknowwhatyouwant,butyou’retooafraidtoadmitit.”（有时候你知道你想要什么，但不敢承认。）可知，选项G.Maybeyoujustdon’twanttoacceptrealitybecausethetruthisunpleasant.（也许你只是不想接受现实，因为真相令人不快。）符合语境，在不敢承认的基础上，进一步分析了另一种可能性——不想接受现实，承接上文，语意衔接合理；下一句“Quiteoften,thetruthcanbeveryuglyandpainful,”（很多时候，真相可能是非常丑陋和痛苦的。）中的“truth”是对选项G中的“truth”的补充说明，衔接合理，符合语境。故选G。【17题详析】空处为该段的主题句。根据“Ifyoucan’trelyonyourselfbecauseyouaren’tintunewithyourtruth,you’llendupmakingyourselfpainful.”（如果你不能依靠自己，因为你与你的真相不一致，你最终会让自己痛苦。）和“Thus,youmustbehonestwithyourselftofigureoutwhatyouwantoutoflifesoyoucanactuallyputforththeefforttobuildit.”（因此，你必须对自己诚实，找出你想要的生活，这样你才能真正付出努力去实现它。）可知，第二段主要讲述了要对自己诚实的原因，选项B.Butwhyishonestywithyourselfsoimportant?（但为什么对自己诚实如此重要呢？）符合段落主旨，下文对这个问题进行回答。故选B。【18题详析】根据空处前的两个问句“Whatdidyoudorightorwrong?Werethereanypointswhereyoudidn’tactintunewithyouractualfeelingsanddesires?”（你做对了还是做错了？有没有什么时候你的行为与你的真实感受和欲望不一致？）推知，空处很有可能也是一个问句；选项D.Couldyouhavespokenupandadvocatedforyourselfbetter?（你能不能更大声地为自己辩护？）也是在对自己进行提问，反思自己一天的行为，衔接合理；下一句“Consideringhowyouactedthroughoutthedaycanhelpyou...”（考虑一下你一整天的行为会帮助你……）对前三个问题进行了总结，即反思自己一天的行为会有所帮助，符合语境。故选D。【19题详析】根据上一句“Yourfeelingsaresignpostsonyourjourneytotruth,peaceofmind,andhappiness.”（你的感受是你通往真理、心灵平静和幸福之旅的路标。）可知，你的感受是通往真理、心理平静和幸福的路标，即它们为你指明了道路；选项E.They’retryingtopointyoutowardapaththatmakessenseforyou.（它们试图为你指明一条对你有意义的道路。）符合题意，其中“They”指代上一句中的“signposts”，承接上文，语意衔接合理。故选E。【20题详析】空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据前文“Therefore,it’sabsolutelynormalforyoutodosomethingwrong.Sodon’tmakeexcusesforyourself.”（因此，你做错事是完全正常的，所以不要为自己找借口。）可知，要承认自己的错误，即对自己诚实，选项F.Youjustneedtobehonestwithyourselfwhenyoumakethosemistakes.（当你犯错误的时候，你只需要对自己诚实。）符合题意，“whenyoumakethosemistakes”与前文中的“dosomethingwrong”相对应，与文章主题呼应。故选F。第三部分：英语知识运用第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Ihadspentthepreviousdecadeworking___21___towardmygoalofbecomingaprofessor.However,aftermy30thbirthday,theattractionofacademia___22___.Idecidedto___23___myacademiccareerplansandsetmysightsonbusiness.Soon,anofferarrived:asixfigureresearch___24___inproductdevelopment.ItseemedtobeeverythingI___25___,soItookit.Yet,laterIfoundIwasbacktothe___26___tasksI’doncecompletedasanundergraduateresearchassistant.Repeatedroutineworkwasn’twhereIwantedtobeinmycareer.Iwasmore___27___—Iwantedto___28___projectsandleadateam.Butthegeneralmanagerwouldn’tgivethose___29___tomeuntilI’dprovedmyself.IrealizedIneedtoletgooftheideathatIwasalreadya(n)“____30____”inmyfield.Ihadtobecomea(n)____31____onceagain.So,inthemonthsthatfollowed,IsetouttolearneverythingIcouldaboutmynewcareer.Insomeways,productdevelopmentwas____32____tomyacademicresearch.Butinotherways,itwasvastlydifferent.Ineededtocreateprofit,notjust____33____.AsIreadprofessionalmaterialspassionately,IrealizedmyPhDgavemea“learner”personality—lovingto____34____andgrow.Twoyearslater,Ibecamethechiefengineeratthecompany.Whenaskedtodescribemygreatest____35____,Ismiledandsaid:“IhaveaPhD.Ilearnincrediblyfast.”21.A.frequently B.continually C.unwillingly D.occasionally22.A.faded B.exchanged C.increased D.appeared23.A.tryoutfor B.takepridein C.getridof D.comeupwith24.A.project B.salary C.demand D.position25.A.owned B.harvested C.designed D.expected26.A.mixed B.difficult C.dull D.burdensome27.A.independent B.ambitious C.promising D.generous28.A.manage B.change C.fund D.study29.A.benefits B.responsibilities C.congratulations D.pressures30.A.expert B.professor C.partner D.performer31.A.member B.manager C.student D.engineer32.A.equal B.similar C.helpful D.contradictory33.A.products B.opportunities C.knowledge D.accounts34.A.expand B.negotiate C.advocate D.recite35.A.principle B.aim C.decision D.strength【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.D26.C27.B28.A29.B30.A31.C32.B33.C34.A35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从追求成为教授的学术道路转向商业领域，虽然初期陷入重复性工作，但凭借博士学位培养的学习能力，最终成长为首席工程师，并认识到持续学习的重要性。【21题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在过去的十年里，我一直在不断地朝着成为教授的目标努力。A.frequently频繁地；B.continually不断地；C.unwillingly不情愿地；D.occasionally偶尔地。根据后文“towardmygoalofbecomingaprofessor”可知，作者一直在朝着成为教授的目标不断努力。故选B项。【22题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在我30岁生日之后，学术界的吸引力逐渐消失了。A.faded褪色，消失；B.exchanged交换；C.increased增加；D.appeared出现。根据后文“Idecidedto______myacademiccareerplansandsetmysightsonbusiness.”可知，作者决定放弃学术生涯，转向商业，说明学术界的吸引力逐渐消失了。故选A项。【23题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我决定放弃我的学术生涯计划，将目光投向商业。A.tryoutfor参加选拔；B.takepridein以……为傲；C.getridof摆脱，放弃；D.comeupwith提出。根据后文“setmysightsonbusiness”可知，作者决定放弃学术生涯，转向商业。故选C项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，一个机会来了：一个六位数的产品开发研究职位。A.project项目；B.salary薪水；C.demand需求；D.position职位。根据后文“inproductdevelopment”可知，这里指的是一个产品开发的研究职位。故选D项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这似乎是我所期望的一切，所以我接受了。A.owned拥有；B.harvested收获；C.designed设计；D.expected期望。根据后文“soItookit”可知，作者接受了这个职位，说明这是他所期望的。故选D项。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，后来我发现我又回到了曾经作为本科研究助理时完成的枯燥任务。A.mixed混合的；B.difficult困难的；C.dull枯燥的；D.burdensome负担重的。根据后文“Repeatedroutineworkwasn’twhereIwantedtobeinmycareer.”可知，作者不想从事重复性的日常工作，说明这些任务是枯燥的。故选C项。【27题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我更有雄心壮志了——我想管理项目和领导团队。A.independent独立的；B.ambitious有雄心的；C.promising有前途的；D.generous慷慨的。根据后文“Iwantedto______projectsandleadateam.”可知，作者想管理项目和领导团队，说明他更有雄心壮志了。故选B项。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我更有雄心壮志了——我想管理项目和领导团队。A.manage管理；B.change改变；C.fund资助；D.study学习。根据后文“andleadateam”以及语境可知，作者想管理项目和领导团队。故选A项。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是总经理在我证明自己之前不会给我这些责任。A.benefits利益；B.responsibilities责任；C.congratulations祝贺；D.