2026年高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解 主旨大意题-去芜存菁速抓文章主旨

第四讲主旨大意题——去芜存菁，速抓文章主旨

主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中最易失分的题型，因其不仅考查考生快速获取信息的能力，更注

重考查考生对文章核心观点的提炼与概括能力。这类题目往往没有直接的解题依据，需要考生通过

分析文章结构、抓取关键词句、梳理逻辑脉络来把握作者的真实意图。

专家说考情名师说对策

第一步：关注“首尾”与“转折”，快速勾勒文章骨架

特点一：考查核心从“概括内容”到

文章骨架多藏于关键处，阅读时需格外留意首段引出话

“提炼观点/梳理脉络”

题、提出问题的“龙头”，末段总结观点、发出呼吁的

传统主旨题侧重总结内容，新高考更重

“凤尾”，各段常为中心句的首句，以及But、

提炼作者的核心观点或梳理文章发展脉

HoweverAYet、Although等强转折词后作者真正想强调

络，正确答案是对作者思想转变、论证

的核心信息，快速串联这些关键点便能在心中形成清晰

过程或情感升华的高度浓缩，而非事实

的文章结构图。

的简单陈列。

第二步：淡化“细节”，提炼“高频词”与“核心逻

特点二：考查形式从“文章关于什么”

辑”

到“作者为何而写”

做主旨题需刻意练习忽略细节，不过多纠缠人名、数据

写作意图类题目增多，要求考生不止读

或例子，而应关注反复出现的高频核心词，厘清其逻辑

懂表层信息，更需洞察深层意图（如知

关系，思考作者如何通过这些核心词推进论述或展开故

识科普、警示、倡导变革等），核心在

事情节，这一核心逻辑链便是文章主线。

于识别文章语气与态度。

第三步：比对选项，运用“覆盖原则”进行终极筛选

特点三：干扰项设置从“明显无关”到

做主旨题时，需将提炼的主旨与选项逐一比对，用“覆

“以偏概全”

盖原则”检验：看选项能否概括文章每一部分，同时用

主旨题干扰项多为文中重要细节或阶段

排除法剔除仅概括某段或细节的片面选项、范围远超文

性观点，看似有理却难覆全文，考生若

章范畴的宽泛选项，以及与原文相悖或未提及的事实错

局限局部则易落入陷阱。

误（无中生有）选项。

考法（一）标题归纳题——文章主线定标题

标题归纳题是对考生宏观阅读能力的终极检验，要求考生穿透细节迷雾，精准把握文章核心思

想和作者核心论点。这类题目不是简单考查词句理解，而是测试考生能否从整体上为文章选择最贴

切的标题。

示

2025•全国一卷阅读C

Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalso

showdeclinesinpedestrian（行人）mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere'stoo

muchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypacktheminto[hecarinstead.

DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBrbmmelstroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese.Intheirnew

bookMovementtHowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallforarethinkofour

streetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.

Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakeway

fornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,a

CanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthe

destructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,Jane

Jacobscalledonhermayor（市长）tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrush

through.SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell.

Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswere

completelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasing

rapidly.InAustraliawcnowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,among

thehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld.

Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough»butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowe

reallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan'tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?The

authorsofMovementhaveitright：it'stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.

31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhytheRush?B.WhafsNext?

C.WheretoStay?D.WhotoBlame?

自主解答A

【技法图解】

1.运用4种方法解题

4

种

方

法

2.结合3大特点解题

【解题应用】

本题可以根据关键词法解题。文中反复出现的关键词是rushthrough,helpusrushthrough。故文章的

核心是批判当前的城市规划和交通方式（以车为主）让人们“匆匆而过"（rushthrough）,只追求通行效

率（helpusrushthrough）,却忽视了这种“匆忙”（rush）带来的社会成本（如儿童失去安全活动的空间，

活动能力下降）。作者呼吁重新思考街道的作用，让城市成为生活的地方，而不仅仅是通道。A项

uWhytheRush?”（我们为何要如此匆忙？）直接点明了文章质疑的核心——这种追求速度、忽视生

活质量的“匆忙”是否有必要？它是否值得付出如此高的社会代价？

考法（二）文章大意题——整体理解定主旨

文章大意题主要考查考生对一篇文章的整体理解，要求考生具备在速读中准确掌握全文主旨的

能力。考生需要在理解全文内容的基础上，通过归纳概括、推理判断等逻辑思维活动，概括出全文

主旨。

示

2024.新课标H卷阅读C

Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthrough

weeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolid

choicetoreducethejourney,RabylonMicro-Farm(RMF)shortensitevenmore.

BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealarger

audiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachievea

reliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.

Specifically,il'safannthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFis

remotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethe

systemisautomated，itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwatering

rowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplace

theplantswithanewpre-seededped（容器）togelthenextgrowthcyclestarted.

Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit'seatenmeanszeroemissions（排放）from

transportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there'snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthat

pollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.

BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketo

work.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoiding

singlc-uscplastic."Wcarcpassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,“

saidaBMFemployee.

31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.BMF'smajorstrengths.

B.BMF'sgeneralmanagement.

C.BMF'sglobalinfluence.

D.BMF'stechnicalstandards.

自主解答A

【技法图解】

1.“体裁法”定主旨

-应川文T首段+给出的小标题

首段的新闻#件,导语即：

■｛新闻报道T

主旨

包含最新科研成果的句子：!

n*scan'hcrs/scicnlislsfound/；*

科学研究<liscovere<l/sai<lthat...或A；

I

1类说明文recentstudyshowcd/iixlicak%1/；

siiggfstc（l/foun<lihal…中宾；

语从句的内容即主行

作者观点或文中反复出现!

议论文的关健词或结论性的句子：

体现主旨

-记叙文T通读全文后总结主旨

L夹叙夹议文—文章的议论部分暗含主旨

2.“串线法”定主旨

「通读概括-通读全文概括每段大意i

__________

一

串•串线段意中联各段大意为全文大意：

线

法比对选项中与申线后意思i

一比对选项

接近的选项1

排除范圉太大、太小或偏i

排除3选项

离主旨的选项1

【解题应用】

本题可以采用“串线法”定主旨。各段落的核心句共同构成了文章主旨。

引出优势(Para.1)...BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.

便捷优势(Para.2)...requireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupply...

技术优势(Para.3)...significantlyreducestheamountofwaterneeded...

环保优势(Para.4)...zeroemissions...noneedforpesticides...

理念优势(Para.5)|BMFemployeesliveoutsustainability...

综上所述，文章从各个方面凸显了BMF的优势。A项“BMF'smajorstrengths.(BMF的主要优

点。y是最佳选项。

考法(三)段落大意题——首尾兼顾定段意

段落大意题主要考查考生对段落核心信息的理解，要求考生在理解段落内容的基础上提炼出核

心信息，然后对比选项，选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。解段落大意题时，可以采用“首尾兼顾

法”。通常根据段落的组织模式快速找出段落主题句，从而归纳段落大意。

示

2024•新课标I卷阅读B选段

[2]Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.He

becameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetried

muscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,and

wasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelyto

workonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.

[3]LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindale

says,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber'streatmentseasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthat

shewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,

Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortablynafterachiropracticadjustment.

26.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.

B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians,work.

C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.

D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.

自主解答D

【技法图解】

利用“段落组织模式”解题

段落首句为主题句，段落其他

总分式

各句是例f或论证

段落开头是例子或层层推进的

分总式

论述.段尾才是段落主即句

段落开头列举小体事例.通过

分总事例得出结论,这个结论就是

分式段落主题句.后而的内容只是

继续说明或拓展该结论

段落虽无主题句，但可以通过

‘无主题

一些关键词或相似结构归纳出

句”式

段落主题句

【解题应用】

该段无单一主旨句，由两个并列的例子构成。通过列举狗和马两个成功治愈的案例，来证明

Farber的替代疗法（HolisticMedicine整体医学）的疗效。

匹配选项：D项“Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.（整体医学的有效性。）nholisticmedicine

（整体医学）是对Farber所用疗法（针灸、脊柱矫正等替代疗法）的恰当归类。该选项完美总结了本段的

论证目的。

随堂演练

A

（2025•杭州市高三年级教学质量检测）WhenAlexanderFlemingreturnedtohislabin1928,hefound

abacteriaculturehehadgrownwasinfectedbyfungus（霉菌），killinganycoloniesittouched.Ratherthan

simplystartingover,Flemingswitchedhisfocustothefungus.Heidentifiedthebacteria-killingsubstance,

whichhecalledupenicillin”,andseeminglyatasinglestroke,createdthenewfieldofantibiotics（抗生

素）.

That'showmostpeopleseeinnovation：Aflashofbrilliance.Theneureka!Anewworldisborn.The

truth,however,ismessier.Itwasn'tuntil1943thatpenicillincameintowidespreaduse.

ToputFleming'sdiscoveryincontext,considerIgnazSemmelweis,whopioneeredhandwashingin

maternitywards（产房），significantlyreducingchildbedfeverbutreceivingscorninsteadoffame.Thatwas

becauseinthe1850s,hisideasconflictedwiththepopularmiasmatheory,whichattributeddiseaseto"bad

air”.Afterhisdeathin1865,germtheorywasaccepted,pavingthewayforFleming'slaterwork.

Flemingwasagiftedbiologistbutapoorcommunicator.Whenhepublishedhisresultsin1929,few

tooknotice.In1935,HowardFloreyandErnstChaindiscoveredFleming'spaper,understoodits

importance,anddevelopedmethodstoproducepenicillininquantity.By1943,withWorldWarII

raging,theWarProductionBoardenlisted21companiestomass-producepenicillin,savingcountlesslives

andusheringinthenewageofantibiotics.Fleming,FloreyandChainreceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiology

orMedicinein1945.

Penicillinowesmuchofitssuccesstogovernmentsupport.Formanyothergroundbreakinginnovations

liketheInternetandGPS,theirinnovators,whilecarvingtheirownpath,areoftenuncertainofwherethe

opportunityliesuntiltheyteamupwithothervisionariesandcorporations,whomighthavetheresourcesto

fast-tracktheirideas.So,lookatanysignificantinnovationandthemythofthelonegeniusandtheueureka

momentnbreaksclown.

［语篇解读］本文是说明文。文章以AlexanderFleming发明青霉素为例，阐述了创新并非是简单的灵

光一现，而是一个复杂的过程。

1.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?

A.Anaccountofalabstory.

B.Redefinitionofatraditionalview.

C.Correctionofapopularmisconception.

D.Ananalysisofascientificphenomenon.

C［主旨大意题。前两段先讲述了AlexanderFleming发现青霉素的故事，接着讲述绝大多数人们认

为创新是灵光一闪，指出这是对创新的普遍误解，实际上青霉素从发现到广泛应用并非如此简单。

所以前两段重点在于纠正这种普遍误解。故选C项。1

2.WhatisthemessageconveyedinParagraph3?

A.Greatmindsthinkalike.

B.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.

C.Luck'sgotyourbackwhenitcomestosuccess.

D.Earlyworkisasteppingstonetolaterbreakthroughs.

D［段落大意题。第三段讲述了IgnazSemmelweis倡导洗手以减少产褥热。虽然当时他的想法受到

鄙视，但他的工作为Fleming后来的工作奠定了基础。这体现了早期工作对后来突破的重要性。故选

D项。］

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartuusheringin”inParagraph4mean?

A.Delaying.B.Introducing.

C.Predicting.D.Transforming.

B［词句猜测题。画线部分所在句提到21个公司量产青霉素，拯救了无数生命，并且“usheringin

w

thenewageofantibioticso结合语境和选项可知，此处的意思是开启了抗生素的新时代，而不是

“延迟、预测或转变”抗生素的新时代。故选B项。］

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?

A.GreatInnovations：IndividualsAreTrueHeroes

B.FromFailuretoSuccess：theStoryofPenicillin

C.TheLoneGenius：Fleming'sDiscoveryofPenicillin

D.TheLongRoadtoPenicillin：HowInnovationHappens

D［主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了青霉素从发现到广泛应用的漫长过程，并以青霉素为例，说明了

创新并非是绝大部分人认为的天才的灵光一现，而是众多因素共同作用的结果，是个复杂的过程。

故选D项。］

B

（2025•济南市高三模才以）Imaginewakinguponemorningtofindyoursmartphonemissing.Youcanno

longergetguidedtowork,orderyourcoffee,orconnectwithfriends.Formostofus,itisanightmare（跟

梦）.Butitshouldnotbeexactlyfar-felched.

Despitebeingmoredigitallyconnectedthanever,wearelonelierandmoreanxious.Anxietyrates

increasedby25%globally.Depressionnowaffectsover280millionpeopleworldwide.Allofthisisdueto

ourgrowingdependenceonsocialmediaandsmarttechnologiesdesignedtoofferquickreliefbutoftenatthe

expenseofdeep,meaningfulengagement,whichmayfurthercauseourlossofsomethingeasytobe

ignored.

Whiletheseconveniencesoffershort-termrelief,theymayweakenourthinkingskills.Forexample,

GPShasundeniablytransformedhowwetravel.Buta2020studyfoundthatfrequentGPSusersstruggle

morewithself-guidednavigation.Overtime,thosewhodependedmoreonGPSshowedasharpdeclinein

spacialmemoryandproblem-solvingskills.However,reducingdependenceontheseconveniencescanlead

todiscomfort.Inseekingcomforttoday,wemightbetradingawaysomediscomfort.

Thatistheproblem：theverydiscomfortweavoidisoftenwhatstrengthensus.Viewingstress,akind

ofdiscomfort,asachallengeratherthanathreatleadstobetteroutcomes.Researchshowsthatmildstress

canenhanceadaptability.Neuroscience（神经科学）revealsthatneuroplasticity-thebrain'sabilitytoform

newconnections-isenhancedthroughchallengingexperiences.Thisadaptabilityiscrucialfordeveloping

resilience（适应力），aprocessfueledbybothmentalchallengesandactiveeffort.

Butthisdoesn'tmeanweshouldrejectcomfortentirely；it'stobalanceitwithintentional

discomfort.Thinkofitasumicrodosinghardshipv-aseriesofsmall,manageabledifficultiesthatkeep

ourmentalandemolionalmusclesstrong,suchaswritingwithapen,orwashingdishesbyhand.These

smallactsareenoughtoreawakentheresiliencewe'veburiedunderlayersofease.So,thenexttimeyou

feelthepullofease,pause.Askyourself：Isthismomentarycomforthelpingmegroworisitkeepingme

stuck?Choosingdiscomfortisn?teasy,butsometimes,ifsworthit.

［语篇解读］本文是说明文。文章通过指出数字便利会给人们带来思维能力被削弱等潜在负面影响，

说明了不适感可以给人们带来好处，并提倡通过“微剂量困难”来增强心理和情感韧性。

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword°far-fetched**inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Possibletochange.

B.Certaintofunction.

C.Unlikelytobesettled.

D.Unabletobeaccepted.

D［词句猜测题。画线词前面讲到对我们大多数人来说，这（离开智能手机）是一场噩梦。根据画线

词所在句中的Bui可知，此处表转折，与上文意思相反，表示但这并非无法接受。故选D项。］

6.Whatmaydigitalconveniencescauseaccordingtothetext?

A.Thefastbutworthlessrelief.

B.Themeaningfulengagement.

C.Thelossofthinkingcapacity.

D.Thelackofnecessarycomfort.

C［细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Whiletheseconveniencesoffershort-termrelief,theymayweaken

ourlinkingskills."（虽然这些便利提供了短期的解脱，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力）可知，数

字便利可能导致思考能力的下降及丧失。故选C项。］

7.Whichisareal-lifeapplicationof“microdosinghardship"?

A.Takingthestairsinsteadofthelift.

B.Orderingtake-outfoodafterwork.

C.ExploringanewcitybyusingGPS.

D.Writinganemailusingvoice-to-text.

A［推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Thinkofitas4microdosinghardship'—aseriesofsmall...or

washingdishesbyhand"（把它想象成“微剂量困难”——一系列小的、可以处理的困难，这些困难

能让我们的心理和情绪肌肉保持强壮，如用笔写字，或者用手洗碗）可知，采取“微剂量困难”的实

际行动是做一些小的、可以处理的困难的事情。A项“走楼梯而不是乘电梯”符合，故选A项。］

8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.GPS：theInvisibleCostofConvenience

B.Stress：theMainCauseofBrainDamage

C.Discomfort：aHiddenSourceofResilience

D.Smartphones：BarrierstoHumanProgress

C［主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第四段中的“Thatistheproblem：theverydiscomfortweavoidis

oftenwhatstrengthensus."（那就是问题所在：我们避免的不适往往正是让我们变得坚强的东西）可

知，文章主要以数字便利带来的潜在负面影响为切入点，讲述了不适感可以通过让我们经历挑战来

增强我们的适应力。因此C项最符合文章的主旨。故选C项。］

图陶眼目一溯文本•囤词源

Para.1：identifyo.确认，认出，鉴定；找到，发现Para.2：innovation（新事

A篇物、思想或方法的）创造，创新，改革；新思想，新方法Para.5：

groundbreaking回•.开创性的，创新的，革新的

核心

Para.2：relief〃.（不快过后的）宽慰，轻松，解脱engagementn....的）密切

单词

关系；（对...的）了解Para.3：Iransform。.使改变，使转换Para.4：revealv.

B篇__

揭示，显示，透露enhance。.提高，增强，增进crucialc的.至关重要的，关

键性的

Para.3：significanta的.有重大意义的，显著的；意味深K的,'significantlyadv.

A篇有重大意义地，显著地，明显地一significance儿（尤指对将来有影响的）重要性，

意义；意思，含义

Para.2：depressu.使抑郁，使沮丧，使消沉，使失去信心一depression几抑郁，

词缀

沮丧，消沉

变形

Para.4：adaptv.适应（新情况）-*adaptableadj.有适应能力的，能适应的

B篇

-*adaptabilityn.适应性

Para.5：intendo.打算，想要-*intention〃.打算，目的intentionalaq故意的，

有意的，存心的

熟词A篇culture（Para.1）常用义：〃.文化，文明f文章义：〃.培养物，培养细胞，培养菌

生义B篇fuel（Para.4）常用义：〃.燃料一文章义：。.增加，加强，刺激

Para.1：switchone'sfocusto把某人的注意力转移到atasinglestroke一下子

Para.2：comeintouse开始被使用Para.3：conflictwith冲突attribute...to...

A篇

核心把...归因于....，认为....是由于....Para.5：teamupwith…与......合作，

短语与……协作

Para.1：connectwith（与某人）建立良好关系，沟通Para.2：attheexpenseof

B篇

以……为代价

题型强化练

（六）主旨大意题专练1（标题归纳题）

（2025•太原高三年级模拟考试）Manypeopleencouragecompetitionandfocusonsuccess.“Giving

up”isfrownedupon.Weareoveijoyedatstoriesofpeoplewhoperseveredandsucceeded.Friendsand

colleaguesalwaysencourageyoutokeeptrying."Ifatfirstyoudon'tsucceed,try,tryagain.”“Follow

yourdream!Winnersneverquit!”

Perseveranceisindeedimportant,toalimit.However,nevertakeittoofar.Foronething,goalsand

dreamsmightbebeyondreach.Storiesofachievingchildhooddreamsthroughperseverancemightbe

uplifting,buttheysufferfromselectionbias".Putsimply,theyarenotinformative,becausenobody

tellsstoriesaboutthemanypeoplewhoperseveredbutfailedafterwastingagoodpartoftheirlives.Itis

indeedfrustratingifyoufollowanunrealisticdream.Foranother,everyroadtakenmeansanotherroadis

nottaken.Anunrealisticgoalmeansmissingoutonotheropportunities.Whatifeverybodywiththechildhood

drcamofbecominganastronautpersistentlykepttryingforever?Winnersalwayswiselychoosewhattoquit

andwhattopursue.

Recentstudieshaveshownthatbeingabletogiveupsomegoalsanddreamsandredirectyourenergy

towardmorereasonableonesisimportantformentalwell-beingandleadstohigherqualityoflifeinthelong

term.Thepsychologicaltermis“goaldisengagement".Ifyouarecurrentlydevotingtoomuchtimeand

efforttoanunattainablegoal,herearesomehintsthatmighthelp.

First,donottieagoaltoyouridentity.Nobodycanbedefinedbyasinglegoalorinterest.Besides,

disengagefromagoalbutkeepsomeoftheeffort.Il'scalled“turningitintoahobby”.Fewstampandcoin

collectorsdesiretobecomeprofessionals,yetmanyenjoycollecting.Lastandmostimportant,donotthink

ofgivingupasafailure,butasachoice.Yourtimeislimited.Trynewactivities,rediscoverprevious

interests,andreviseyourambitions.Behonestwithyourselfaboutyourchances,andchoosethegoalsthat

bestsuityou.Andrememberthat,whenyougiveupagoal,youdonotfail.Youmakeachoicetofreeup

yourtimeforotherpossibilities.

［语篇解读］本文是说明文。坚持不懈固然重要，但不能过度，因为有些目标可能遥不可及，坚持不

切实际的目标意味着错过其他机会。研究表明，能够放弃•些目标并将精力转向更合理的目标对心

理健康和提高生活质量很重要。

1.Whatresultmayuselectionbias”bringtopeople?

A.Settingself-limitation.

B.Givingupmoreeasily.

C.Misjudgingthesituation.

D.Ignoringsuccessfulstories.

C［推理判断题。根据题干中的"selectionbias"将答案定位在笫二段。笫二段的"Storiesof

achievingchildhooddrcamsthroughperseverancemightbeuplifting...Itisindeedfrustratingifyoufollowan

unrealisticdream"讲通过坚持不懈实现童年梦想的故事可能会令人振奋，但这存在“选择偏倚”；

简单来说，这些故事并没有提供有用的信息，因为没人会讲述许多人浪费了生命中相当一部分时间

去坚挂却最终失败的故事，如果你追随一个不切实际的梦想，那确实会令人沮丧。这意味着“选择

偏倚”会让人们只看到成功的故事，从而错误判断形势，认为只要坚持就能成功，故逸C。］

2.Howcanpeoplebcucfilfrom“goaldisengageinciil”？

A.Bymotivatingtheirdesireforsuccess.

B.Bygainingasenseofself-satisfaction.

C.Bytellingeasygoalsfromdifficultgoals.

D.Bysavingenergytofocusonpracticalgoals.

D［组节理解题。根据题干中的“goaldisengagement”将答窠定位在第三段。第三段前两句讲最近

的研究表明，能够放弃一些目标和梦想，将精力转向更合理的目标对心理健康很重要，从长远来看

会带来更高质量的生活，这在心理学上叫“目标脱离”。所以人们通过节省精力专注实际目标从

“目标脱离”中受益，故选D。］

3.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?

A.Acceptingfailurewitheasedoesmakesense.

B.Onecanmakeahobbyoutofanunattainablegoal.

C.Turntoprofessionalswhenrealizingpersonalgoals.

D.Choosingagoalismorechallengingthanrealizingit.

B［观点态度题。第四段的"disengagefromagoalbutkeepsomeoftheeffort.It'scalled'turningitinto

ahobby，”讲从一个目标中脱离出来，但仍保留一些努力，这被称为“把它变成一种爱好”，接着作

者以集邮者和钱币收藏者为例来进行说明。所以作者可能同意一个人可以把无法实现的目标变成一

种爱好，故选B。］

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.IdentityCrisis：BeTruetoYourself

B.GoalsorHobbies：MakeYourChoice

C.NeverSayNever：TheKeytoSuccess

D.WinnersDoQuit：BeWiseAboutYourGoals

D［主旨大意题。文章开篇提到人们鼓励竞争和坚持，接着指出坚持要有限度，过度坚持不切实际

的目标会带来问题，然后说明“目标脱离”的重要性，并给出相关建议。所以文章主要讨论的是要

明智地对待目标，懂得放弃不切实际的目标，故D项“成功者会放弃：明智地对待你的目标”最适

合作本文标题。］

B

（2025-武汉高中毕业生四月调研）HeidiTait,co-founderofTangaroaBlueFoundation,an

organizationcommittedtobeachcleaning,waspuzzledwhensheandherteammatesstartedfindingstrange

tire-shapedcapsuleswashedashorealongtheCapeYorkcoast,nearAustralia'snortheasterntip.ButTait

eventuallyconnectedwithSatlink-aSpanishsatellitecommunicationscompany.Satlink'sCPS-enabled

buoys（浮标），theonesthebeachcleanerskeptfinding,helpcommercialfisherstracktheirnets,lines

etc.Taithadabrainwavethatwouldseethebuoysnotjustrecycledbutreused.

Formorethanadecade,boatcrewsworkingfartherwest,inAustralia'sGulfofCarpentaria,had

beentellingTaitabouthowabandonedfishingnetswerecirclingthegulf,hurtingseacreatures.Theseso-

calledghost（幽灵）netshadeitherbrokenfreefromcommercialfishingboatsandgottenlost,orwerecut

loosebyfishersaftergettingcaughtonrocks.Weighingafewtonneseach,thenetsthatboatcrewshad

chanceduponinthegulfwereoftentoobigforthemtopulloutofthewaler.They'dtypicallyreportthefinds

totheauthorities,butbythetimeanyonewithanappropriatelyequippedboatcouldheadouttogetone,

themassofmessyropehadoftengonefromsight.

However,onceoneoftheGPS-cnablcdbuoysisattached♦itsendsitslocationeveryfewhourstoa

website,whichlets