广东省2026届高三年级上册12月第二次调研考试 英语试卷

广东省2026届普通高中毕业班第二次调研考试

英语试卷

本试卷共8页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必在答题卡写上考生姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号等相关信息。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内：如需

改动的，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答

的答案无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选山最佳选项。

A

Ifyou'reconcernedabout(hecostofgasandtheenvironmentalimpactofgas-poweredcars,and

don'twanttoworryaboutthechargingchallengesassociatedwiththepureelectricvehicle(EV),it'stime

totakeacloserlookatahybrid(混合的)electricvehicle(HEV).Whilesalespeoplemightsimplyadvise

youto"plugindailyandusegasforlongertrips,"understandingtheunderlyingmechanicsiskeyto

determiningifanHEVtrulyfitsyourneeds,essentially,anHEVoffersyouthebestofgascarsandEVs.

AnHEVhastwosourcesofpower：aninternalcombustion(燃烧)engine(ICE)andatleast

oneelectricmotor.TherearetwomaintypesofHEV：parallel(并联式)hybridandserieshybrid.

Theparallelhybrid(PHEV)aimstokeepthecoredesignsoftheconventionalgas-powered

vehicleswhileloweringtheoperationcostsandimprovingenvironmentalperformance.Reducedtoits

basics,itssystemusesICEandelectricmotorstopowerthewheels—eithertogetherorindependently.

Thisstructureperformsreliablyonlong-distancejourneysandcomplexroadconditions,wherethe

combustionengineoperatesefficiently.

Inthecaseofserieshybrid(SHEV),thevehiclerunsonlyonelectricity,whichisfrom(hebattery.

Whenthebatteryisexhausted,theICEswitcheson—nottodrivethewheelsdirectly,buttopowerthe

generatorandchargethebattery.Thissetupofferssmootherandquieterdrivingoperationwhichissimilar

topureelectricvehicles.It'sgenerallymorecco-friendly,andfurtherreducesthecostofuse.

Intoday'smarket,conventionalgascarsaregoingsignificantlycheaper,whilestylishpureelectric

vehicleshavebecomesymbolsofmodernstatus.TheHEV,strikingapracticalbalancebetweenthesetwo

extremes,certainlydeservesacloserlook.

FaralMSeries

Properties

Hybridhybrid

(MHBCfftnMcyLever

HALrwr

Lowr

Lmr■——

21.WhatisanadvantageofHEVscomparedwithothertypesofvehicles?

A.They'resimplerindesign.

B.They,recheapertopurchase.

C.Thcy'remorecco-fricndly.

D.They'remorepracticaltouse.

22.WhatdoestheICEinasereshybridcardirectlyworkon?

A.Replacingthegenerator.

B.Drivingthewheels.

C.Startingtheelectricmotor.

D.Chargingthebattery.

23.InwhichaspectarePHEVsgenerallybetterthanSHEVs?

A.Mountainroaddriving.

B.In-citytransportation.

C.Wastegasesproduction.

D.Vehiclerunningcosts.

B

ThesunhangsheavyovercentralIraqin(helateafternoon,painting(heruinsofBabyloninheatand

light.Dustrisesfromthegroundinsoftclouds,creatingascenethatseemsolderthantimeitself.Inthis

moment(hecityfeelsbothemptyandtimeless,itssilencebrokenonlybythevisitorswhohavecometo

standinthefootprintsofkings.

Once,BabylonwasthejewelofMesopotamia,thecitythatgaveitsname(oentireeras------theOld,

Middle,andNewBabylonianperiods.Itwasherewheregrandtemplesandpalaceswerebuilt,andwhere

poetsandhistoriansimaginedoneoftheSevenWondersoftheAncientWorld：theHangingGardens.

AncientGreekandRomanwritersdescribedthemasagreenparadise(天堂)，wateredbyartfulpumps

thatliftedwaterfromtheEuphratesRiver.Accordingtotales,Nebuchadnezzar,thenKingofBabylon,had

thembuiltforhisqueenwholongedfortheforestedmountainsofherhomeland.

ForsomeIraqiarchaeologists（考古学家），thegardensaremorethanfairytales.Somebelieve

thegardenswerelocatednearthecityofHillah,aboutatwo-hourdrivesouthof（hecapitalBaghdad,

whileotherspointtoNineveh,hundredsofmilestothenorth.Fortravelers,however,thedebatehardly

matters.Standingamongtheruins,ittakesagoodimaginationtothinkofthegardensthatleftnomarksto

follow.

Inrecent（imes,conservationworkhasbeencarriedouttcrestorepartsofBabylon.With（hemany

challengesthesitefaces,itisoftenindividualsratherthaninstitutionsthatkeepBabylon,sstoriesalive.

Wcmeta22-ycar-oldtourguideHashem,whowasenthusiasticaboutintroducingIraqihistoryto

foreigners.HegraduatedfromtheUniversityofBabylonwithadegreeinbiomedicalengineering,and

afterthatheturnedtotourism,wherehisknowledgeandcommandofEnglishcameinhandy.

Beyonditsbrokenwalls,Babyloncontinuestocastitsspell.Visitorscomeandexpressadmiration,

wonderinghowtheHangingGiirdensoncerosefromthedesertplain.Theruinsmaybegonesomeday,but

thetaleswillliveon.

24.WhydoesthewriterdescribetheruinsofBabyloninparagraph1?

A.Toexplainthereasonsforitsdestruction.

B.Tohighlightitsheavyboringatmosphere.

C.Tocreateacontrastwithitssplendidpast.

D.Toexpressadmirationforitsgreathistory.

25.WhatdoarchaeologistsdisagreeaboutregardingtheHangingGardens?

A.Itslocation.B.Itsorigin.

C.Itsdesigner.D.Itsinfluence.

26.WhatdocstheauthorwanttoshowbytellingHashem'sstory?

A.Therestorationworkprovidesjobopportunities.

B.Ordinarypeoplecontributetopreservinghistory.

C.Tourismissuccessfulinareaswitharichculture.

D.Thecountryisinneedofenergeticyoungpeople.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"castitsspell"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Remaininruins.B.Disappearovertime.

C.Holdgreatcharm.D.Makepeoplepuzzled.

C

So,you'vefinishedthatdullbook.Yousatthroughtheniovieyoupaidfbr,superbored.Stoodina

longqueueforthatmilktea.Paidmuchfortheluxuryhandbag—expensivenonsense.

Whatdothesehaveincommon?They'reallexamplesofwhateconomistscall"sunkcosts（沉没

成本）"：thepriceyou'vealreadypaid—intime,money,effort,suffering,foranitemoran

experience—holdsyoutothem.It'saphenomenonweallrecognize.Itaffectsourbehaviorinwaysthat

canbeunreasonable.Butwcdoit.

Toavoidthesituation,economiststellustomakedecisionsbasedmainlyonfuturevalue,notpast

investment.Iftheongoingcostoutweighstheexpectedbenefit,oneshouldcuttheirlossesandwalkaway.

Ithurts,yes,butthiscold,clearlogicprotectsusfromgoingbroke.

Yet,lifeisrarelysoneatlycalculated.Thispurelyeconomicviewraisesdifficultquestions：Does

thevalueofanexperiencelieonlyinitsoutcome,oralsointheprocess?Ajoyfuljourneywithanordinary

goalandapainfuloneaimedatasplendidachievement,whichoneismoreworthwhile?

Whenitcomestoeducation,thesunkcoststheorydoesn,tseemapplicable.Parentsandteacherspour

immeasurableamountofinvestment—love,time,hope,money—intothegrowthofachild.Willthechild

turnoutthewaytheyexpect?Noguarantee.Ifweviewthisthroughastrictcost-benefitangle,muchof

educationcanbewrittenoffasa"sunkcost."Educationisobviouslydifferentfromthecommercialworld.

Achild'sgrowthcannotbeplannedlikeabusinessstrategy；itunfoldslikeauniqueandunpredictable

story.Wccan'tdrcamhisdreamsorlivehislife：wecanonlybuildthestage,andlighthispath.

Ineducationwehavetoholdontothisfaith：everythingwedoforachildisworthwhile.Everyact

ofloveislikeofferinglightandwatertoaseed；whilewecan':seeitsrootsgrowunderground,weknow

it.Thatchildwillblossom（开花）someday.Notailthathascostissunk.

28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheexamplesinparagraph1?

A.Boringbutbeneficial.B.Interestingbutworthless.

C.Joyfulandworthwhile.D.Senselessandregrettable.

29.Whatdoeconomistsadviseustodotoavoidsunkcosts?

A.Focusontheoutcome.B.ignorethefuturelosses.

C.Calculatethepastcost.D.Pursuethehiddengains.

30.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardstheinvestmentineducation?

A.Indifferent.B.Favorable.

C.Balanced.D.Critical.

31.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?

A.Topromoteaprinciple.B.Tocorrectamisbehavior.

C.Tochallengeaconcept.D.Topresentaphenomenon.

D

Threescientistsmadegroundbreakingdiscoveriesontheworkingmechanismoftheimmunesystem

（免疫系统）.Theyidentified“regulatoryTcells,“whichfunctionastheimmunesystem'ssecuri:yguards,

preventingimmunecellsfromattackingthebody'sowntissuesandcausingsevereautoimmunediseases.

Theimmunesystem'sprimaryroleistodistinguishforeignmicrobes（细菌）fromthebody'sown

cellsandthenattackthemHowever,microbescandevelopsimilaritiestohumancells.Ifthispretense

succeeds,itcanleadtoaformofbiological"friendlyfire,"wheretheimmunesystemmistakenlyattacks

thebodysowncells.

ItwaslongbelievedthattheimmunesystemwasmainlyprotectedbyTcellsthatcanrecognizeand

killinicrobus.However,somepuzzlingauloiimiiunereactionspointedtotheexisienceofanoliier,more

complexregulator.ImmunologistShimonisamongthescientistswhoconductedfurtherresearch.In1995,

hediscoveredinmicethatthereisaparticulargroupofimmunecells,whichhenamed"regulatoiyT

cells,"workingasthebody'ssecurityguardsthatstopimmunecellsfromattackingself-tissues.

Meanwhileintheearly2000s,bio-tcchnologistsBrunkowandRamsdellinvestigatedwhyaspecific

typeofmousewasparticularlysensitivetoautoimmunediseases.Theirexperimentstookmanyyears.

Whilemappingamouse'sgenome（基因组）todaytakesonlydays,backthenitwaslikelookingfora

needleinahugepileofstraw.Theyfinallyfoundthesourceoftroublewasavariationofthegenenamed

Poxp3,andfurtherdiscoveredthatasimilarerrorinahuman'sgenecausesIPEXsyndrome,aserious

autoimmunedisease.

Afterwards,Shimonlinkedtheirresearchtohisown,provingthatFoxp3aidsinthecreationandthe

operationofregulatoryTcells,ensuringthattheimmunesystemisstrongenoughtofightoffmicrobesand

atthesametimecontrolledenoughnottoinjurethebody.

Theirfoundationaldiscoverieshavepavedthewayforpotentialnewtreatmentsforautoimmune

conditions,aswellasmoreeffectivecancertreatmentsandreducedcomplicationsafterorgantransplants.

32.Whatistheresultof"friendlyfire"?

A.Killingofforeignmicrobes.

B.Wrongattackonhumancells.

C.Immunecells'development.

D.Microbes'successfuldisguise.

33.WhydidShimonconductthemiceresearch?

A.Towinanaward.

B.Tosolveapuzzle.

C.Totreatadisease.

D.Todefendabelief.

34.What'sthepurposeofmentioning"aneedleinahugepileofstraw"inparagraph4?

A.Tointroducethelonghistoryofmedicalscience.

B.Toemphasizetheimportantroleofthelabmice.

C.Tostress（hedifficultyofdoingtheexperiments.

D.Toshowtherarenessofanautoimmunedisease.

35.Whatistherootreasonofautoimmunediseasesaccordingtothediscoveries?

A.AnerrorhappenstotheFoxp3gene.

B.RegulotoryTcellsaredistinguished.

C.Theimmunesystemisunderattack.

D.Microbesforceintothehumanbody.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12・5分）

Horace,thefamousRomanpoetwholivedfrom65BCto8BC,oncesaid,"Thepoefsaimisto

combinethedelightfulandtheuseful."Apoetwilltakeinsightsintoourworldcoveredinfogandcut

through（hatfbg（orevealthetruthbeneathintheirpoetry.36

Poetryisrichinwisdomandknowledge,yetitisoftenremarkablybriefinform.We'rclivingina

worldwhereeverythingbecomessofast-pacedthatit'shardtofocusonanythingfbr

long.37Itallowsustostartandfinishsomethingofvaluewithinlife'ssmallwindowsof

time—whetherwe'rewaitingfbrthebuswithourchild,orseekingameaningfulthoughttoshareatthe

dinnertable.Itcanbespokenoverouraudience,orusedtostartadeeperdiscussion.

Similarto（hewayinwhichpoetryrevealshidden,yetfamiliartruths,itcanalsorevealhiddenyet

familiarbeauty.Whenapoetusesbeautifullanguagetodescribeelementsofbeautywithinourworld,we

mayfeelshocked.38Onlythenwillwerealizethatwehaveneverfullyappreciated（he

thingsaroundus.Webegintolearntheartoftreasuringwhatwehave.

39Bythoughtfullyengagingwithpoetry,westepintotheperspectivesofothers.In

theprocess,wewillsharpenourawareness,deepenourempathy（同理心），andactivelyexpandour

emotionalintelligence.

Topassdownthepowerofpoetrytothenextgeneration,it'sbesttodevelopaloveandappreciation

foritinourchildrenfromanearlyage.40Thispracticeoffersanopportunitytocreatea

bondingexperienceandlastingmemories.

A.Ashortpoemisagiftfbrus.

B.Poemscaninspireusinanumberofways.

C.Inthisway,poetryhelpsusunderstandtheworldbetter.

D.Poetryfuelsourcuriosityandunlocksfurtherexploration.

E.I（involvesspendingplentyoftimereadingpoemstogether.

F.Poetrygivesvoicetooursharedhumanemotionsandexperiences.

G.Suddenlywebecomeawareofthebeautysocloseyetunseenbefore.

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

LastOctober,myfamilytookacampingtriptoLakeHoustonWildernessPark.Itwasanearly

41afternoon,andthewarmsuncastagolden42overthewholepark.We

madeourwayalongthepath,feelingthegentlewindthroughthetreesandlisteningtothecrackingsound

ofdried43beneathourfeet.

Asdarkfell,theairgrew44.We'djustfinishedsettingupourtentwhenitsuddenly

begantorain.Myparentsjumpedupandhurriedto45thingswithaplasticcloth,buttome,

the46rainmeantfun.Wcduckedintothetentandwrappedourselvesinwarmblankets.

Withraindropsfallingonthetent,we47snacks,storiesandlaughterintheheartofnature.

Then,outofnowhere,weheardheavy48approaching,alarminglyclose.Beforewe

couldreact,thetent49aroundus,trappingusinamess.We50:Wasita

wildman?Aforestmonster?Heartracing,we51ourselvesoutfromunderthetent,onlyto

seesomecattlehurryingaway------theyhad52overourtentropesintheway.

Aswestoodthere,catchingourbreath,wenoticedthe53hadstoppedcompletely.

Thenightskyhad54intoadeepblue,decoratedwithcountlessstarsandasilverymoon.

Aftertakingamomenttosetihetentbackup,welitacampfireandstartedbarbecuinginthebright

moonlight.Itwastrulya(n)55andmemorablenight!

A.springB.summerC.autumn0.winter

A.lightB.shadowC.fireD.thread

A.fruitsB.stonesC.insectsD.leaves

A.thinB.coolC.calmD.fine

A.holdB.coverC.repairD.galher

A.unwelcomeB.unrecordedC.unendingD.unexpected

A.ateB.sharedC.madeD.passed

A.footstepsB.heartbeatsC.thunderstormsD.gunshots

A.circledB.llewC.collapsedD.shook

A.hesitatedB.chccrcdC.panickedD.dcbatcd

A.droveB.threwC.pulledD.picked

A.jumpedB.droppedC.rolledD.tripped

A.rainB.caltleC.laughterD.show

A.gotB.rushedC.sankD.clcarcd

A.adventurousB.instructiveC.romanticD.familiar

第一节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)

"Spongecity',isarevolutionaryapproachtourbandesign.Theconcept,

first56(propose)byChineselandscapearchitectKongjianYu,usesnaturalwatersystems

inurbansites57(reduce)thepossibilityofflooding,watershortagesandtheurbanheat

islandeffect,anditisnowbeingpracticedallovertheworld.

HavinggrownupinruralChina,Yudevelopedanawarenessofthe58(season)

movementofnaturalwaterwaysandtheroleofvegetationinregulatingtheirflow.Witnessingthe

effectivenessofChineseirrigation(灌溉)networkshelpedhimdevelopthespengecity

philosophy,59eventuallybecamepartofChina'surbanismpolicym2014.

He60(award)the2023OverlandedPrizeforhisworkaddressingclimate-change-worsened

urbanflooding.

The"sponginess,"oracity'sabilitytoabsorbrainwater,is6]keymeasuretofight

climatechange.Acity'ssponginessisaffectedbythebalancebetweenblue(ponds,lakes),green(grass,

trees)62grey(buildings,hardsurfaces)infrastructure(基础设施).Spongecitiesworkin

tunewithnaturetoquicklyabsorbheavyrainfallandlaterreleasetheextrawaterintoriversandwater

systemsslowly,63(avoid)theriskofarapidriseinwaterlevels.

Therearesomegoodexamplesof"spongycities,"andAucklandinNew

Zealand64（top）thelist.It'smainlyduetothegreenandblueinfrastructurethatcovershalf

ofitsurbanarea.Others,65ChongqingandWuhaninChina,havekickedoffspongecity

pilotprogramsinresponsetogrowingclimatethreats.

第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

假定你是李华，近期你去博物馆时，发现越米越多低龄儿童参与观展。请给英国笔友Chris写

一封邮件讨论这一现象，内容包括：

1.你的观察；

2.你的看法。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearChris,

Howarcthingsgoing?I'mwritingtodiscusswithyouaphenomenoninthemuseum.

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

第二节（满分25分）

I,verecentlybecomeinterestedinmountainclimbing.It'smainlyduetomyfriendTim,an

experiencedhiker.Initially,Isawhikingaspointless—exhaustingmusclesunder（heburningsun,carrying

heavyloads,withnoeasywayback.Whyendure（忍受）that?

Lastmonth,Timconvincedmetojoinhiminclimbingasmallhill.Tomysurprise,theviewfrom

thetopwasbreathtaking.Iv/itnessedanamazingsunsetoverthesea.Thathumblepeakoffered

unexpectedjoy,awakeningadesireformore------cloudseas,sunrises,andbird's-eyeviews.Afterafew

moremountainclimbingattempts,Ideclared,"IwillchallengetheHero'sRoute!"Itwasademanding

20-kilometertrail（小径）acrossseveralhighpeaks,atestof"heroes."

ButTimtriedtocoolmedown."It'snoteasy,"hewarned."Itrequirestraining,notjustenthusiasm."

ButIbelieved"Nothingisimpossibleinfrontofawillingheart,"sothefollowingweekendIsetoffalone

withouttellingTim.Idecidedtogivehimabigsurprise.

Atthefootofthemountain,Isawsomegroupsofclimberswithwalkie-talkies.Ilaughed------real

heroesjourneyalone.Thefirstpeakwasrewarding,withcoolwindsandglimpsesofthesea.ButasI

pushedonward,thetrailturnedwildandrugged.Steeprocks（breedmetocrawlonallfours.Thesky

darkened,threateningrain.Tirednesssetin,andtheotherclimbershadallovertakenme,leavingme

compleielyalone.Thetrailseemedendless.RainsoonpouredandIwaswelthrough.Thenxjksbecame

slippery,makingeverystepastruggle.Tomakemattersworse,myphonehadnosignal.Desperation

mountedinme.

Around5：30PM,therewerestilltwopeaksahead.Exhaustedandhavingbarelyprogressed,I

foundaweaksignalonmyphoneandhurriedlycalledTim.Hewasshocked,butaftercheckingmy

location,hecalmlygavemeinstructions."Stopgoingahead.You'vejustpassedasidetrailcowntoa

village.Itismarkedwithablueribbon（丝带）.Finditandtakethepath------rilmeetyoumidway."

注意：

1.续写词数应为150个左右：

2.请按如卜格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Butnow1hesitated,becausetakingthesidetrailmeantfailure.

Climbingdownthepathtothevillageatnightwasstillverychallenging.

参考答案及解析

21.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“HEVoffersyouthebestofgascarsandEVs”及最后一段“strikinga

practicalbalancebetweenthesetwoextremes”可知，HEV的核心优势在于它结合了汽油车和电动车

的优点，取得了“实用的平衡”。选项A文中没有提及，文中只能找到汽油车价格下降，故排除选

项B,至于环保，HEV还是比不上纯电车。故选D。

22.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段对SHEV的描述“theICEswitcheson—nottodrivethewheels

directly,buttopowerthegeneratorandchargethebattery”可知，ICE的直接作用是驱动发电机并为电

池充电。选项B是PHEV的工作方式。故选D。

23.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。题目问PHEV在哪个方面优于SHEV。根据第三段，PHEV的系统“performs

卷可靠地onlong-distancejourneysandcomplexroadconditions”，并且表格显示其在“Power

Pcrfbrmancc”上更高。因此，在应对像“山路驾驶”这类复杂路况时，PHEV表现更佳。选项B（市内

交通）和D（运行成本）是SHEV的优势；选项C（废气排放）也非PHEV强项。故选A。

24.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。作者在第一段描绘了巴比伦废墟在烈E与尘土中的空旷与占老，营造出一种

时光流逝的沧桑感。紧接着在第二段开头使用“Once（曾几何忖）”引出了巴比伦作为美索不达米亚明

珠的辉煌过去。这种从“当前荒芜''到"昔日繁华”的强烈对比，正是作者的写作意图。选项A（解释

其毁灭的原因）在文中未提及；选项B（突出其沉闷的气氛）过于片面，未涉及与下文的联系；选项

D（表达对其伟大历史的钦佩）是第二段的内容，而非第一段描写的目的。故选C。

25.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句"Somebelievethegardenswerelocatednearthecityof

Hillah....whileotherspointtoNineveh,hundredsofmilestothenorth.（一些人认为花园位于希拉市附

近……而其他人则指向北方数百英里外的尼尼微。户可知，考古学家们对于空中花园的具体地理位

置存在分歧。故选A。

26.答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第二句"Withthemanychallengesthesitefaces,itisoftenindividuals

ratherthaninstitutionsthatkeepBabylon'sstoriesalive.”可知，作者通过Hashem的故事说明，在官方

保护面临困难时，正是像Hashem这样的普通人通过自身行动延续着历史记忆。虽然Hashem是导

游，但选项C4tTourismissuccessfulinareaswitharichculture”偏离了文章强调个人奉献的核心，而

选项B"Ordinarypeoplecontributetopreservinghistory”准确抓住了文意。故选B。

27.答案：C

解析：词义猜测题。划线短语“castitsspell”位于文章最后一段的开头。该段下文提至^Visitors

comeandexpressadmiration,,»并总结说“废墟或许会消失，butthetaleswilllive这些内容都表

明，巴比伦虽然已成废墟，但它的吸引力仍然强大，即“散发着魅力''或“令人着迷故选C。

28.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段对几个例子的描述“dullbook，H€supcrborcd，Hlcxpcnsivcnonsense”等

用词可知，作者认为这些消费行为是“无意义且令人后悔的选项A（无聊但有益）、B：有趣但

无价值）、C（快乐且值得）均与原文情感色彩不符。故选D。

29.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段经济学家建议"makedecisionsbasedmainlyonfuturevalue"和“Ifthe

ongoingcostoutweighstheexpectedbenefit,oneshould...walkaway”可知，核心建议是关注未来结果

与收益。选项B（忽略未来损失）与建议相反；选项C（计算过去成本）正是经济学家反对的；选

项D（追求隐藏收益）文中未提及。故选A。

30.答案：B

解析：观点态度题。根据最后两段作者对教育投资的论述“everythingwedoforachildis

worthwhilc”“Thatchildwillblossomsomeday”等充满信念的表述可.知，作者对教育投资持积极支持

（Favorable）的态度。选项A（漠不关心的）、C（平衡的〕、D（批判的）均与文章基调不符。

故选Bo

31.答案：C

解析：写作目的题。文章首先介绍了“沉没成本''概念及经济学家的建议，但核心在于后半部分通

过教育领域的例证，论证了该理论在生活某些方面的不适用性，旨在挑战一个固有概念（沉没成

本理论的普适性）。选项A（推广一个原则）、B（纠正一个错误行为）和D（解释一个现象）均

未能准确概括作者深层的写作意图。故选C。

32.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"wheretheimmunesystemmistakenlyattacksthebody's

owncells”可知，“友好火力”的结果是免疫系统错误地攻击了人体自身细胞。选项A（杀死外来细

菌）是免疫系统的正常功能，并非“友好火力''的结果；选项C（免疫细胞的发育）和D（细菌的成

功伪装）是导致该现象的原因，而非结果。故选B。

33.答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段，在Shimon研究之前，一些令人困惑的自身免疫反应暗示了存在

更复杂的调节器，这推动了他进行进一步研究。因此，他进行小鼠研究的目的是为了解决这个困

惑。选项A（为了获奖）、C（为了治疗疾病）和D（为了捍卫一个信念）在文中均无依据。故选

Bo

34.答案：C

解析：写作目的题。第四段中，作者将当时定位小鼠基因组的难度比作“大海捞针”，是为了强调

Brunkow和Ramsdell进行实验时所面临的巨大困难。选项A（介绍医学的悠久历史）、B（强调实

验鼠的重要作用）和D（表明自身免疫疾病的罕见性）均非此比喻在文中所要表达的核心意图。故

选C。

35.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Theyfinallyfoundthesourceoftroublewasavariationofthegene

namedFoxp3n,“asimilarerrorinahuman'sgene”也会导致人患上免疫疾病,以及第五段Shimon将

Foxp3基因与调节性T细胞的功能联系起来，可以推断，Foxp3基因出错是导致免疫调节功能失

效、进而引发自身免疫疾病的根本原因。选项B（调节性T细胞被区分出来）是科学发现，而非病

因；选项C（免疫系统受到攻击）和D（细菌侵入人体）均不是文中所述的自身免疫疾病的根源。

故选A,

答案：C；A；G；F；E

解析：36.该空承上启下。上文引用贺拉斯的名言并阐述诗人能"cutthroughthatfogtorevealthe

truthbeneath",选项C中的“Inthisway”完美承接上文"揭示真理"这一功能，并总结指出其作用是

"understandtheworldbetter",对应前文中诗人能"takeinsightsintoourworld"（＞故选Co

37.该空需要对下文进行概括&下文具体描述了在等公交、晚餐分享等"lift飞smallwindowsoftime"

里.，诗歌可以开始并完成一件有价值的事。选项A"Ashortpoemisagiftforus”是对这一情景的精

准比喻和概括，与之形成呼应，也对应此段的段首句中提到的诗歌精短的特点，"itisoften

remarkablybriefinform"。故选A。

38.该空与上文构成顺承关系。上文提到诗人用美言描绘世间美，我们可能会感到震撼。选项G以

"Suddenly"开头，牛.动地描绘了宸撼后的结果---"webecomeawareofthebeautysocloseyetunseen

before",这与下文的"wehaveneverfullyappreciatedthethingsaroundus"形成自然的逻辑衔接。故选

Go

39.该空为段落主旨句。下文的核心是"通过诗歌，westepintotheperspectivesofothers,提升同理

心和情商”。选项F指出"Poetrygivesvoicetooursharedhumanemotionsandexperienc