2026年初中英语《阅读理解》专项训练

2026年初中英语《阅读理解》专项训练Passage1ThefirsttimeMayasawthesea,shewastwelve.Herfatherhaddriventhefamilyvanforsixhours,pastpineforeststhatsmelledofwarmresinandtownswhosenamesrolledlikemarblesinhermouth—SantPere,L’Escala,Empúries.Whentheyfinallyparkedonadustylane,thehorizoncrackedopenlikeablueegg.Mayaranaheadofherparents,kickedoffhersandals,andletthefoambiteherankles.Shewrotehernameinthewetsandwithashell’ssharpedge,thenwatchedthewaveseraseit,strokebystroke.Thatnight,backinthetinyrentedroom,shewhisperedtothedarkceilingthatonedayshewouldlivewherethetidecouldreachherbedroomwindow.Tenyearslater,Mayaisajuniormarine-biologystudent.ShespendsAugustinawoodencabinonthesamestretchofcoast,helpingherprofessortagloggerheadturtlesthatcomeashoretonest.Theworkstartsat9p.m.andendsat4a.m.,whenthelastturtlehasdraggedherselfbacktothewater.Maya’sjobistositquietlyinthedunes,counttheeggs,andrecordtheexacttimeeachmotherturtlebeginsherreturnjourney.OneWednesday,theskyismoonless.Theonlylightcomesfromthephosphorescencethatsparkseverytimeaflipperpushesagainstwetsand.At01:47,aturtleunlikeanyMayahascataloguedlumbersupthebeach.Hershellisheart-shaped,andathinwhitescarcurvesacrossitlikeaconstellation.WhileMayawaitsforthenestingtofinish,shenoticessomethingodd:everytimetheturtlebreathes,afaintgreenglowpulsesunderherneck.Maya’sprofessor,Dr.Romero,hastoldtheteamnevertotouchaturtleunlessabsolutelynecessary,buttheglowworriesher.Whenthelasteggdrops,Mayamakesadecision.Shesnapsonherred-filteredheadlamp,approachesfrombehind,andgentlywipessandfromtheturtle’sneck.Embeddedundertheskinisatranslucentplastictag,thesizeofaricegrain,blinkingsoftly.Thenextmorning,Dr.RomeroemailsaphototocolleaguesinGreece.Bylunchtime,repliesarrive:thetagisanexperimentalbiothermaltracker,plantedtwoyearsearlierontheislandofZakynthos.Theturtle’snameinthedatabaseisA-14,butthestudentsrenameherEstrella.ThedatashowthatEstrellahasswum2,400kmin713days,crossedtheAdriatic,circledSicily,andreturnedtotheverybeachwhereshehatched.Thatnight,Mayacannotsleep.Shekeepsthinkingabouttheword“return.”Sheopensherjournalandwrites:“Homeisnotonlytheplaceyouleave;itisalsothesetofcoordinatesyourefusetolose.”1.WhatsensorydetailfirstconnectsMayatothesea?2.Whydoestheteamworkatnight?3.FindonepieceofevidencethatEstrellaisaloggerheadturtle.4.Whatdoestheword“phosphorescence”probablymeaninparagraph3?5.StatetworeasonswhyMayadecidestobreakprotocolandtouchtheturtle.6.HowfarhasEstrellatraveledsinceshewastagged?Givebothmetricandimperialequivalents.7.Whatthemeissuggestedbythelastsentenceofthepassage?8.Ifaturtlenestsevery14daysandlays110eggseachtime,howmanyeggswillsheproduceinonesummernestingseasonthatlasts84days?9.Whichsentencebestexpressesthecentralcontrastinthepassage?A.Theseaisbeautifulbutdangerous.B.Technologycanbothhelpandharmwildlife.C.Achildhoodmemoryshapesanadultvocation.D.Scientificworkistediousyetrewarding.10.WriteoneinferenceaboutDr.Romero’scharacter,supportedbythetext.Passage2In2025,thecityofRotterdamopenedtheworld’sfirstfloatingdairyfarm.Thestructure,anchoredintheMaasRiver,isathree-storysteelrectangle40mlongand25mwide.Thebottomdeckhouses40Meuse-Rhine-Isselcows;themiddledeckcontainsmilkingrobotsandfeedsilos;thetopdeckisapublicwalkwayplantedwith1,800strawberrybushes.Solarpanelsontheroofgenerate15%moreelectricitythanthefarmconsumes.Manureisconvertedinanon-boardbiodigesterintomethanethatpowerstherefrigerationunits.Rainwateriscollected,filteredthroughreedbeds,andusedtomopthedecks.Theprojectbeganafterthe2021floodthatruined2millionhectaresofDutchpasture.FounderPetervanWingerdenwonderediffoodproductioncouldliterallyrisewiththesealevel.Criticsarguedthatcowsbelonginfields,notonwater,andthatthefarmwasagimmickdesignedtoattracttourists.Yettheanimalsappearcontent;eachcowwearsasensorthatmeasuressteps,ruminationminutes,andeveneye-whiteexposure—anindicatorofstress.Datashowthefloatingherdis23%calmerthanthenationalaverage.Onmarketday,commutersonthewater-busbuymilkinreusableglassbottles.Childrenleanovertherailing,askingwhethercowsgetseasick.Theanswerisno:theplatform’sgyroscopicstabilizerskeepmovementbelow1.5degreesinwavesupto2mhigh.Economically,thefarmbreaksevenafter28months,fasterthantraditionallandfarmsofsimilarscale.Socially,ithasbecomeaclassroom.Localschoolsrunaprogramcalled“RivertoTable.”Pupilsgrowlettuceinhydroponictraysonthetopdeck,weighthecows’feed,andcalculatethecarbonsavedbyavoidingtransportfromdistantruralareas.Still,questionspersist.VeterinarianLinaKoopmanworriesabouthoofhealth.“Cowsevolvedtowalkonsoftturf,notgroovedsteel,”shesays.Thefarmrespondswithrubberizedmatsandweeklypedicures.Anotherconcernisgeneticdiversity:all40cowsareclonesofoneprizewinningdonor,raisingethicaleyebrows.Thissummer,theteamwilllaunchFloatingFarm2.0,halftheweight,withmodularsectionsthatcanbetowedtodisasterzonestosupplyfreshmilkwithin72hoursofahurricane.11.Listtwoenvironmentalproblemsthefloatingfarmwasdesignedtosolve.12.Howdoesthefarmusecowmanure?13.Calculatetheareaofthemiddledeckinsquaremetresandthenconvertittohectares.14.Whatevidenceisgiventhatthecowsarenotstressed?15.Stateoneeducationalactivitymentionedinthepassage.16.Identifyoneethicalobjectiontothefarm.17.Explainwhygyroscopicstabilizersareimportant.18.Ifeachcowproduces25kgofmilkdaily,whatistheyearlyoutputintonnesforthewholeherd?19.Whichstatementwouldtheauthormostlikelyagreewith?A.Technologyalonecannotsolveagriculturalcrises.B.Urbanconsumersneedtovisitfarmsmoreoften.C.Innovationsometimesdemandsuncomfortabletrade-offs.D.Cloninganimalsshouldbebannedimmediately.20.Writeonesynonymfor“gimmick”asusedinparagraph2,andexplaintheconnotation.Passage3Everyafternoonat3:05,theantiqueelevatorintheGrandSplendidLibrarysighslikeanoldaccordion.ItcarriesAishafromtheground-floorcafétothemezzaninewheresheworks:repairingspines,reattachingmarbledendpapers,anderasingtheyellowghostsofmarginalia.Thebuildingwasonceatheatre;thestageisnowacircularreadingdeskunderafadedfrescoofflyingcherubs.Aishais17,theyoungestapprenticebookbinderinthelibrary’s103-yearhistory.Shepassedtheentrancetestbysewinga64chapbookwithflaxthreadsothinitcouldpassthroughtheeyeofasewingneedlethreetimes.Hermentor,SeñoraDelgado,insistsonsilence,butthebooksthemselvesarenoisy:theycracklewhenopened,sighwhenclosed,andsometimes—Aishaswears—whisperwordsshehasneverread.OneThursday,acratearrivesfromthebasementarchives.Insideliesabookwithoutatitlepage,itsleathercoverblisteredlikeburnttoast.SeñoraDelgadoassignsittoAishaasherfirstsolorestoration.Thetask:reattachtheboards,rebuildthespine,and,mostimportantly,identifythetext.Aishaopensthebookunderalampshadeofgreenglass.ThefirstsheetisamapofconstellationslabeledinLatinandArabic.Thesecondsheetcontainsasinglesentence:“Toreadistovoyagethroughtimewithoutmoving.”Theremainingpagesareblank,butwhenAishaturnsthem,inkslowlybleedsontothepaperasifaninvisiblepenwritesjustfastenoughtokeeppacewithhercuriosity.Overthenextweek,thebookrevealsastorysetin1349duringtheBlackDeathinGranada.AyoungmapmakernamedLuzhidesheridentitybydressingasaboyandchartssafepassagesthroughquarantinedstreets.Eachevening,Aishafindsthenarrativeextendedbyexactlyfourpages.Shebeginstostayafterclosing,readingbyflashlight,afraidthatifshestops,thewordswillceasetoexist.Onenight,shereachesapagethatdescribesagirlnamedAishawhobindsbooksinaconvertedtheatre.Thesentenceends:“Shewilldecidewhetherthestorylivesorvanishes.”Aisha’shandstremble.Shelooksup;thecherubsontheceilingseemtotilttheirheads.Thenextmorning,SeñoraDelgadoinspectstherestoredvolume.Sherunsafingernailalongthenewspineandnodsonce—highpraise.Thensheopenstothefinalpage.Itisblank.“Everyrestorerleavesamark,”theSeñorasays.“Whatwillyoursbe?”Aishacarriesthebooktothereadingdesk,dipsanibinsepiaink,andwrites:“Storiesendonlyifwerefusetoturnthepage.”Thelettersdryinstantly,glowingfaintly.21.Identifytwosoundsthebooksmake,accordingtoAisha.22.WhyisAisha’sagesignificantinthecontextofthelibrary?23.Whatcluefirstsuggeststhebookismagical?24.StateonehistoricalfactaboutGranadain1349.25.Explainthedoublemeaningofthephrase“Shewilldecidewhetherthestorylivesorvanishes.”26.Findoneexampleofpersonificationinparagraph1.27.IfAishareads4pagespernightandthetotalnarrativeis112pages,howmanynightsdidshestaylate?28.WhichwordbestdescribesSeñoraDelgado’sattitudetowardAisha?A.indifferentB.sternbutcaringC.openlyaffectionateD.jealous29.Writeoneinferenceaboutthebook’sorigin,usingevidencefromthetext.30.WhatthemeisreinforcedbyAisha’sfinalsentence?Passage4TheAtacamaDesertinChileisthedriestnon-polarplaceonEarth.Someweatherstationshaveneverrecordedrainfall.Yetevery5to7years,betweenSeptemberandNovember,aclimaticeventcalledthe“desiertoflorido”transformsthegreylunarplainsintoacarpetofflowerssodenseitcanbeseenfromspace.Morethan200speciesgerminate,bloom,setseed,anddiewithin6weeks.BotanistDr.CamilaRíosstudiesthetrigger.Shehypothesizesthattwofactorsmustcoincide:atleast25mmofautumnrainandsoiltemperaturesthatstayabove18°Cfortenconsecutivenights.Shetestshermodelbyburyingnetworksofmoisturesensorsconnectedtosolar-powereddataloggers.In2024,thebloomfailedtoappear.Rainfallreachedonly19mm.VillagersinthenearbytownofCopiapóheldaprocessioncarryingstatuesofSaintLorenzo,prayingforrain.Childrenpinnedpaperflowerstotheirjackets,pretendingthedeserthadblossomed.Dr.Ríosadjustedherthreshold.Shenowbelievesthatfogdepositioncansubstitutefor30%oftherequiredrainfall.Sheinstalled50meshnetsonridgetopstoharvestfogdroplets,funnellingwaterintoshallowtrenchesaroundseededplots.InAugust2025,herexperimentalquadrantsproduced18specieseventhoughtotalprecipitationwas17mm.Thediscoveryhaspracticalvalue.SeedsofAtacamaflowersarerichinlinoleicacid,acomponentincosmeticoils.Sustainableharvestingcouldprovideincomewithoutirrigation.Already,awomen’scooperativeinChañaralexports4tonnesofseedannually,followingrulesthatleave70%ofplantsuntouched.Still,climatechangethreatensthephenomenon.Modelspredictthatby2080thebloomwindowwillshortento4weeks,and14speciesmaydisappear.Dr.Ríos’sdatawillhelpdecidewhichseedstobankintheSvalbardGlobalSeedVault.31.Statetwoconditionsoriginallythoughtnecessaryforthedesiertoflorido.32.HowdidDr.Ríosmodifyherhypothesisafter2024?33.Calculatethepercentageshortfallinrainfallduring2024comparedwiththerequired25mm.34.Identifyoneeconomicbenefitoftheflowerbloom.35.Whatcommunityactionshowslocalculturalimportance?36.Explainwhyseedbankingismentionedinthefinalparagraph.37.Ifthecooperativeharvests4tonnesandleaves70%ofplants,whattotalseedmassisavailableinthefield?38.WhichsentencebestreflectsDr.Ríos’sattitude?A.Nature’smysteriesshouldremainuntouched.B.Datacanguidebothscienceandlivelihoods.C.Technologyistheonlydefenseagainstdrought.D.Traditionshinderscientificprogress.39.Findoneexampleofimagerydescribingthebloom.40.Writeoneconclusionthatcanbedrawnaboutfogharvesting.Answers&Explanations1.Thesmellofwarmresinfrompineforestsandthetactilefeelingoffoambitingherankles.2.Loggerheadturtlesnestatnighttoavoidpredatorsandoverheating.3.Theshellisheart-shapedandhasathinwhitescar—detailsconsistentwithloggerheadmorphologydescribedinfieldguides.4.Bioluminescentlightproducedbymarineplanktonwhendisturbed.5.(1)Theturtle’sunusualgreenglowsuggestsinjuryorinfection.(2)Theglowispulsing,indicatingapossibleelectronicdeviceratherthannaturalbioluminescence.6.2,400km≈1,491miles.7.Thepersistenceofidentityandthehumanneedtoanchormemorytoplace.8.84÷14=6nestingevents;6×110=660eggs.9.C.Thepassagemovesfromchildhoodmemorytoadultcareer,showinginfluence.10.Dr.Romerotrustsdatabutalsorespectsprotocol;heemailscolleaguesratherthanactingalone,showingcollaborativecaution.11.Lossofpasturelandduetofloodingandenergyoverconsumptionindairytransport.12.Itisfedintoanon-boardbiodigestertoproducemethanethatpowersrefrigeration.13.Area=40m×25m=1,000m²=0.1ha.14.Sensordatashow23%lowerstressthanthenationalaverage,measuredbyeye-whiteexposureandstepcount.15.Pupilsgrowlettuceinhydroponictraysandcalculatecarbonsavings.16.Cloningreducesgeneticdiversityandraisesethicalconcernsaboutanimalwelfare.17.Theykeepplatformtiltbelow1.5°,preventingcowsfromexperiencingseasicknessandensuringsafemilking.18.40cows×25kg×365days=365,000kg=365tonnes.19.C.Thepassageacknowledgesbenefitsbutalsonoteshoof-health