研究报告类说明文阅读技巧（导学案）-2026届高三英语一轮复习

研究报告类说明文的解题技巧导学案

（一）学习目标

1.通过对比多篇典型文章，总结研究报告类说明文的文章结构。

2.通过归纳多篇典型文章，识别研究报告类说明文各部分的标志词。

3.通过合作、讨论，获得研究报告类说明文的解题技巧。

（二）学习任务

Task1Preview

1.ReadthedefinitionandclassificationoftheExpositoryEssaybelow.

/DefinitionoftheExpositoryEssay:Anexpositoryessayisatypeofwritingthataimstoexplain,

inform,ordescribeaparticulartopicoridea.Itpresentsabalancedandobjectiveviewofthesubject

matterbyprovidingrelevantfacts,examples,andexplanations.

JClassificationoftheExpositoryEssay:

研究结果（findings/results）------主旨大意（最佳标题/写作目的）

------Researchreport研究过程（process：method/supportingevidence/analysis）------研

究方法/支撑细节/研究分析

对结论进一步阐述或补充（supplement）或专家评议（evaluation：

suggcstion/limitations/fuithcrstudy/valuc）------推断情感态度

提出现象一一主旨大意（最佳标题/写作目的）

分析原因

Socialphenomena-----

说明造成影响

提出解决问题的措施、建议、看法一一推断情感态度

分析产生原因

大体介绍新产品、方法一一明确说明对象即主旨大意（最佳

标题/写作目的）

Invention

介绍原理或内容

分析优缺点或特点（对比）

对结论进一步阐述或补充，专家评议（局限或前景）一一推

断情感态度

2.DrawastructuraldiagramofthePassage1.

Task2Lead-in

1.Whyisexpositiondifficult?

□Complexwords□AbstractConcepts□StructuralComplexity□InferenceandImpliedInformation

□IdentifyingMainIdeasvs.Details□MaintainingFocusonTechnicalContent□

2.Isthereawaytoquicklyunderstandanexpositionessay?

•Task3Discoursestructure

1.Workinpairs.UsingPassage1andPassage2asexamples,summarizethestructuraldiagramofthe

researchreportandunderlinethetypicalwordsthatsignaleachpartofthereport.

PartI(Para.)

PartII(Para.__)PartIII(Para.___)

(Proccss)

PartIV(Para.)

2.Workingroups.UsingPassage1andPassage2asexamples,brainstormasmanytypicalwordsaspossible

thatsignaleachsectionofaresearchreport.

Findingsfind/found,show/showed,suggest/suggested,reveal/revealed,prove/

proved,imply/implicd,

ProcessMethod:participants,volunteers,thefirstgroup...thesecondgroup...

Analysis:theresult,thereason,

Supplement/EvaluationPositive:valuable,

Objective:although,need,

Negative:limitation,

3.Shareyourideaswiththewholeclass.

•Task4Application

1.CompletePassage2againbyidentifyingthetypicalwordstoanalyzethediscoursestructure.

2.Bepreparedtoshareyourproblem-solvingapproacheswiththewholeclass.

Tips：__________________________________________________________________________________________

•Task5Practice

1.Basedonthestructuraldiagramoftheresearchreport,whatquestionswouldyoudesignforPassage3?

①______________________________________________________________________________

②______________________________________________________________________________

③______________________________________________________________________________

④______________________________________________________________________________

2.ComparetheoriginalquestionswithyoursandcompletePassage3quickly.

3.Bepreparedtoshareyourproblem-solvingapproacheswiththewholeclass.

•Task6Self-reflection

反思内容ExcellentGoodNeed

improving

我是否了解研究报告类说明文的文章结构？

我是否能快速通过标志词识别文章各部分？

我是否能掌握相应的做题技巧？

本堂课还有哪些其他问题需要得到老师的帮

助？（三）课后作

业

CompletePassage4byapplyingwhatwehavelearnedtoday.

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题单

Passage1

（成都二诊C篇）

Ahoneybee\lifedependsonitsuccessfullyharvestingfromflowerstomakehoney.Decidingwhich

flowerismostlikelytooffernectar（花蜜）isincrediblydifficult.Innewresearchpublishedrecently,ourteam

reportshowbeesmakethesecomplexdecisions.

Wechallengedbeeswithafieldofartificialflowers,eachofwhichofferedatinydropofsugarsyrup.

Different-colored“flowers”variedintheirlikelihoodofofferingsugar.Wcputtiny,harmlesspaintmarkson

thebackofeachbee,andfilmedeveryvisitabeemadetotheflowerarray.Wethenusedcomputervisionand

machinelearningtoautomaticallydrawandstudytherouteonwhichbeesflewthrough.Fromthisinformation,

wefoundbeesveryquicklylearnedtoidentifythemostrewardingflowers.Theyquicklyassessedwhetherto

acceptorrejectaflower,butsurprisinglytheymadecorrectdecisionswithin0.6secondswhileincorrect

decisionstookthem1.2secondsonaverage.

Theresultsandwhatweexpectedarepolesapart.Usuallyinanimals,anaccuratedecisiontakeslonger

thananinaccuratedecision.Thisiscalledthespccd-accuracytrade-off,whichhappensbecausedetermining

whetheradecisionisrightorwrongusuallydependsonhowmuchevidencewehavetomakethatdecision.

Moreevidencemeansamoreaccuratedecision,butgatheringevidencetakestime.Soaccuratedecisionsare

usuallyslowandinaccuratedecisionsarefaster.Butbeesonlyacceptedaflowerif,ataglance,theyweresure

itwasrewarding.Iftheyhadanyuncertainly,theyrejectedit.Theymighthavemissedsomerewardingflowers,

buttheysuccessfullyfocusedtheireffortsonlyontheflowerswiththebestchanceandbestevidenceof

providingthemwithsugar.

Theonlyotheranimalsknowntobeatthespccd-accuracytrade-offarehumansandprimates.It*sindeed

amazingthatbeesseemedtobebreakingthisboundary.

Structuraldiagram：

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Passage2

（成都三诊C篇）

Thepastdecadesawanincreaseinknowledgeaboutthegutmicrobiota（肠道微生物群）,andhow

itcanhaveapositiveimpactonourhealth.IwasfirstintroducedtothisareaofsciencebyProfessor

GretchenDailyfromStanfordUniversity.ShementionedaresearchprojectconductedinFinland.The

studysetupanexperimentwithchildreninkindergartenstoseewhathappenedtotheirskinandgut

microbiomesandtheirimmune（免疫的）systemfunctioniftheyplayedinareascontainingelementsof

nature.

Seventy-ninechildrentookpart,alllivinginurbanenvironmentsandspendingthemajorityoftheir

daysatdifferentdaycarecentresaroundFinland.Theywereencouragedtoplayinonlyoneofthethree

typesofyardoverthe28daysoftheexperiment.Thefirstwasastandardoutdoorplayarea,madeupof

concrete,gravelandsomeplasticmatting.Thesecondwasnature-based:thesehavegrass,soiland

plantedareas.Intheexperimentalareas,theconcreteandgravelwerecoveredwithforestfloorandsoil

fromthelocalforest.

Beforeandafterperiodsofplay,thechildren'sskinandgutmicrobiotaweremeasured,alongwith

changesintheirbloodforimmunoregulatorycytokinelevelsandTregcellfrequencies.Thesecellsand

proteinsplayacrucialroleinpreventingcertaindiseases;theirlevelsinourbloodareoftenusedasan

indicationofhowwelltheimmunesystemisfunctioning.Remarkableresultsemerged.Thechildrenwho

playedintheexperimentalyardshowedalargeincreaseinthediversityofmicrobiotaontheirskinandin

theirgutincomparisontothechildrenplayingintheurbanandnature-basedareas.Importantly,these

werethe<tgood^^typesofmicrobiota.

Theimportanceofthisstudycannotbeoverstated.It'sclearthatevenshort-termexposureto

nature'smicrobialdiversityhasthepotentialtofundamentallychangethediversityofmicrobiotaonour

skinandinourgut.Inaddition,itsuggeststhatthealteredgutmicrobiotacanregulatethefunctionofour

immunesystem.

28.Whatwasthepurposeoftheresearchproject?

A.Toanalyzechildren'splaypreferences.

B.Toexplorethenature'simpactonhealth.

C.Tocomparedifferentdaycareenvironments.

D.Toseekwaystoimprovechildren'simmunity.

29.Whatwasthefeatureoftheexperimentalyardaccordingtothetext?

A.Itincludedplasticmattingonly.B.Itwasentirelymadeofconcrete.

C.Itwasplantedwithartificialgrass.D.Itwascoveredwithlocalforestsoil.

30.Whatdidtheresearchshow?

A.Fewerkidsplayedinurbanareas.

B.Morekidspreferredexperimentalyards.

C.Thckids,immunesystemfunctionedthesame.

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D.Thckids'microbiotadiversityroseinexperimentalareas.

31.Whatdoesthestudysuggestaboutfuturehealthpractices?

A.Increasingphysicalexercise.B.Conductinglong-termstudies.

C.Integratingnatureintodailylife.D.Increasingmicrobialdiversityartificially.

Passage3

（2024年新课标全国1卷D篇）

IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshave

collectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,and

otherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,

anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidof

amobileapplication,saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyin

theStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.tcTheseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathat

comesfromphysicalspecimens（标本），andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigate

howspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow：Aretheyusable?”

Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteam

testedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.

“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有偏差）

data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrass

rightnexttoitJsaidDaru.

Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobal

coverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakes

sensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientists

recordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswith

attractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.

Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?

“Quitealot,“Daruexplained."Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersof

oversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces-andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethe

qualityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmthe

identificationoftheiruploadedimage.”

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Structuraldiagram：

Yourdesign:

1.

2._________________________________

3._________________________________

Passage4

（2023年新课标全国H卷D篇）

Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.

Ifyou'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit'sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatare

relativelywild.

Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthat

wildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.

Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthem

tosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.The

researchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding（编码）experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,

oneparticipant'sexperienceof"Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile"wasassignedthe

categories“sittingatbeach”and"listeningtowaves.^^

Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”beganto

emerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportantto

visitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablished

trail.

Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartin

theactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.F