小升初英语复习课程讲义：介词（学生版）

第九讲：介词

一、【考点解读】

介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句子中不能单独作成分。介

词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语

构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、

方式介何、原因介诃和其他介问。

介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，特别是一些常用介词的搭配力特别强，可以用来表示

各种不同的意思。

二、【知识讲解】

Mrs.Smith'skitchen

Mrs.Smith'skitchenissmall.

Thereisarefrigeratorinthekitchen.

Therefrigeratoriswhile.

Itisontheright.

Thereisanelectriccookerinthekitchen.

Thecookerisblue.

Itisontheleft.

Thereisatableinthemiddleoftheroom.

Thereisabottleonthetable.

Thebottleisempty.

Thereisacuponthetable,too.

Thecupisclean.

知识点1------时间介词at,on,in的用法

1.at

（1）表示具体时刻，如：

atthreeo'clock在三点钟athalfpasteight在八点半

（2）固定搭配：

atnoonatnightatdawnatdusk

atthemomentatfirstatthebeginningatpresent

atlastatsunriseatsunsetattheageof

atthesame(imeatdinner-timeat(heendofatChristmas

2.on

（1）表示具体某一天（包括节假日），如：

onMarch8th,2016在2016年3月8日

onChildren,sDay在儿童节（attheSpringFestival）

onSunday在星期天

（2）表示具体某一天的早、中、晚，如：

onSaturdaymorning在周六早上

onarainyevening在一个二雨的傍晚

onahotafternoon在一个炎热的下午

3.in

（1）表示月份，季节，年，年代，世纪，如：

inJuly在七月insummer在夏天in2016在2016年

inthe1990s在2（）世纪90年代inthe21s,century在21世纪inhistwenties在他20

多岁

（2）后面跟一段时间，表示“…之后”，指将来的时间，如：

inaweek一周之后inafewmonths几个月之后

Ellbebackinafewminutes.我几分钟后回来。

（3）固定搭配

inthemorninginEnglishinaminute

inahurryintimeintheend

注意：this,that,last,next,every,one,yesterday,today,tomorrow,tonight,all,most等词之前一般

不加介词。如:

(hismorning今天早晨（on）thatday在那天（ihaiday更常用些）

lastweek上周nextyear明年

nextmonth卜个月everyday每天

onemorning一，天早晨yesterdayafternoon昨天下午

tomorrowmorning明天早晨allday/morning/night整天/整个早晨/整晚

知识点2.地点、方位介词at,in,on,above,below的用法

Lat表示在某个具体地点,即“小地方”（比城市小），如:

athomeatschoolalthebusstation

atthecorneratthetopofattheschoolgate

atthecrossroadsatthefootofattheairport

2.in”在…之中”，表示在某范围之内，或某个地方（城市，国家等大地方），如:

Therearcmanybooksinmyschoolbag.

MygrandparentsareinBeijingnow.

固定搭配:

inthecarinthemiddleofinthelibrary

inthehospitalinShanghaiinChina

intheworldintheeastinthesky

注意：在某个地理范围内的“东、南、西、北”方，也用in,如:

ShanghaiisinthecastofChina.

3.（m“在…之上”，表示某物体上面并与之接触，如:

Mybookisonthetable.

固定搭配：

onthedeskonthewallontheplayground

ontheroadontheright/leftonabus/train

onthesheltonone'swaytoonbothsidesottheriver

注意：地理上与某个地方接壤的“东、南、西、北”方，用。n,如：

ShanghaiisonthesouthofJiangsu.

补充：地理上与某个地方不接壤的“东、南、西、北”方，用3如:

JapanistotheeastofChina.

4.above意为“高出…”，“超过…”，指在..上方，不一定在正上方（正上方用over）,

与below相对，如：

Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.

5.below意为“在..之下，低于”，不一定在正下方（正下方用under）,如：

Thefishwereswimmingbelowthesurfaceofthewater.

图示总结

由

oIo»oont@

X相葩”“相W"包含”

三•表运动方向和位置的介词：

1.across/through/over/by经过

①across指横穿，穿过.表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.②through指穿过，透过，表示从某一

物体空间内通过.

③over表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过，不与表面接触.④by/pasi表示从某人/某物的

旁边经过.

Canyouswimtheriver?/Theelephantissobigthatitcan'tgothegate.

Idon'tthinkanyonecanjump____thefence./IwalkedthebankofChinayesterday.

2.between,among

①between指在两个人或两个事物之间；Thereisabankbetweenthepostofficeandthepolice

station.

②among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间eg:Theteacherisstandingamongthestudents.

3.in,into,outof

①in：在...里面，用「表示静止的位置。Hermotherworksinthehospital.

②into：进入.川干表示有恃定终点的运动方向,经常与表示动作的动词连用如,come,即,mn,

rush等。

Thechildranintohismother'sarms.这小孩跑进了它妈妈的怀里

③outof：从...里出来,与into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向。如：

Allthechildrenrushedoutoftheclassroomwhenthebellrang.

四.表示方式的介词with/in/by表示“用……”（注意格式要对齐）

l.with表示“用…”一般指有形的工具/手段/人体器官.

Hecuttheappleintohalvesaknife.注：with表伴随，“带有，含有“

Hecameinabigsmileonhisface.

2.ina）表示用某种语言，方式，途径.或书写/绘画所用的材料..

CanyousayitEnglish?/Hewrotealetterblueink.

b）以…方式inthisway用这种方法behaveinapoliteway

c）也可表交通方式travelinacard）“穿着"inred穿红色的衣服

3.bya）表示乘坐交通工具，travelbybus

b）以...方式、方法或手段Isiudyforalestworkingwithagroup.

4.ona）通过studyontheair/radio通过广播学习b）乘坐onabus/onabike

注意：l）.byphone=onthephone2）.bycar=inacar3）.inpen=withapen=withpens

五.范围介词

In在..里边inourclassbetween在两者之间betweenus

among在三者或三者以上的中间amongstudents

besides除了...之外还有（包括后面的宾语）Tom,JimbesidesLily.

except除了...之外(不包括后面的宾语)TomJimexceptLily.

including包括Allthestudentsincludingme.

六.介词词组辨析

1.onthetree/inthetree

①onthetree表示“树上本身长的东西”在树上.②indie〔ree表示“外界的物体进入树

中”人或物在树上.

Therearesomeapplesthetree./Thereisaboythetree.

2.inthewall/onthewall

①inthewall表示“门窗在墙上”②onthewall表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”

apicturethewallthewindowthewall

3.except/besides/exceptfor

l).except除了…方外.都...不包括在范闱之内,排除同类的.Weallwentswimmingexcept

Lucy.

注：nothingbut…除了…之外，什么也没有.Thereisnothingbutaletterinthebox.

2).besides除了...之外，还有...包括在范围之内.WestudyJapaneseandFrenchbesidesEnglish

3)exceptfor句中的主语与exceptfor后的宾语不同类：

Smithisagoodman,exceptforhisbadtemper.史密斯除了脾气不好外，是个好人

4.with/without

l).with具有，带有反义词：without没有词组：wilhthehelpof=withone'shelp

反义词：withoutone'shelp

2).without的用法:A).without+sb./sth.没有某人或某物

B).without+doingsth.Ueleftherewithout(say)“Goodbye'、。us

C).withoutsth常与if引导的否定的条件句.Ifthereisnowater,wccan'tlive=Wc

can'tlive.

5.bemade+介词的区别：

bemadeof由…制成(看得见原材料)；bemadefrom由…制成(看不见原材料)

bemadein+地点由哪儿生产；bemadebysb.由某人制造

bemadeinto+成品制成某种产品

6.since/for(常用于现在完成时).

l).since:a).since+表示过去的时间短语(since+yesterday/twoyearsago/lastweek)

b)since+过去时态的句子

2)for:for+段时间=since+过去的时间

7.其他固定搭配

befullof充满；befilledwith装满...；bebornin出生于；besureof确信；

beusedto习惯于…；belatefor迟到；bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格；beexcitedabout

对…感到激动。

介词与动词的固定搭配：

arrivein/at到达大/小地方；agreewi【h同意，赞同：askfor要求，请求

catchupwith赶上，追上；comefrom来自；dowellin在...做得好；

decideon决定；fallbehind落后；getio到达；goioschool去上学;

getonwith与某人相处；goonwiths【h.继续做某事；gotobcd(sleep)去睡觉；

goto(hecinema去看电影；havenothingwith与...无关；hearof听说；

hearfrom收到…来信；help...with...在(某方面)帮助；handin交上来。

8、常用的词组

athome在家inEnglish用英语

atnight在夜里intheend最后

atwork上班inthestreet在街上

atschool上学introuble有麻烦

beafraidof害怕knockat敲(fJ)

befullof充满laughat嘲笑

begoodal擅长listento听....

bytheway顺便提一下lookalter照料

hekindto对....好lookat看...

belatefor迟到ofcourse当然

getreadyfor为....做准备onone'swayto在去某地的路上

goover复习ontheIcft/right在左/右边

handin上交ontime准时

helponeselfto随便吃....takeparin参力口

hundredsof成百的talkabout谈论

inahurry匆匆忙忙地takecareof照料

inaminute一会儿后waitfor等待

9.不用介词的情况：

1.当时间状为:tonight,today,yesterday,tomorrow等时，不用介词.Whatareyougoingtodo

tonight?

2.含有this,that,these,those,last,next,every,each等时间状语.HewenttoWuhanlastweek.

3.以all开头的时间状语前面不用介词.Hehasworkedallday.

4.以some,any,one等构成的时间状语前不用介词.

Hemetabadmanonecoldmorning.=Hemetabadmanacoldmorning.

三、【典例探究】

【例题1】：

()1.BettyArrivedParistheeveningofJune1.

A.at;inB.on;onC.in;inD.in;on

答案：D(解析：本题主要考查国家和城市前面需要加介词in,在具体的某一天的早上、中

午、晚上，要用介词on。)

()2.Mymotherisusuallybusyhouseworkalnome.

A.doB.withC.inD.for

答案：B(解析:本题主要考查关于busy的固定搭配“bebusy(in)doingZwithsth.”(忙于做某

事。)学生只要掌握这个用法就可以轻而易举的解题了。)

()3.Itwassofoolishhimtoaskhersuchaquestion.

A.ofB.forC.toD.with

答案：A(解析：本题主要考查关于it的固定搭配“Itis+adj.+todosth”其中IIis+adj-of

sbtodosth前面的形容词主要是表示人的品行的，如：kind,good,nice.wrong,careless,

wise,foolish,polite,clever........则由of连接人若形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行

为者的品格进行评价，用forsb.,这类形容词有difficult,easy,hard»important,dangerous,

(im)possible等等。

()4.TheGreatGreenWallcanstopthewindandsandmovingtotherichlandinthesouth

ofChina.

A.fromB.withC.atD.on

答案：A（解析:本题主要考杳slop的用法“stop...fromdoingsth.阻止某事的发生”，建议学

生能够积累一些关于介词的固定搭配）

四、【课堂运用】

【基础】

【练习1]

I.Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions

1.TheplanearrivedalLondonairportWednesday.

2.WhatdoyouusuallydoChristmas?

3.Thefirstclassbegins8o'clockthemorning.

4.WewillbeinNanjingTuesday.

5.Mr.Blackwillvisitournewschoolbuildingtwodays.

6.theendoflastspringWanghaijoinedthearmytheend.

7.WewillhaveafootballmatchthisSaturdayafternoon.

8.Theplaneisflyingthemountains.

9TheDeadSeaisthesealevel.

10.TaiwanisthesoutheastofChina.

11.ChildrengetgiftsNewYear'sDayandtheirbirthdays.

12Thesportsmeetingwasheldasunnyday.

13.Thereisawindowthewall.

14.Thereisamapandaclockwallourclassroom.

15.Tomgoestoschoolhisfather^careveryday.

II.Choosethebestanswer.（选择最恰当的答案）

1.Wetraveledovernightandarrivedhomethemorning.

A.on;inB.at;inC.in;inD.at;on

2.Look（hemapofChinaIlicwall,please.

Aat;inB.for;atC.at;onD.on;in

3.Thecarisstartingfiveminutes.

A.atB.onC.inD.of

4.Wereturnedtoourhometown.

A.inlastweekB.inthelastweek

C.lastweekD.toraweek

5.ChildrenwakeupveryearlythemorningofChristmasDay.

A.inB.onC.forD.at

6.Whydidyougetupsoearlythismorning?

A.onB./C.atD.in

7.HearrivedShanghai9:30March5.

A.at;in;alB.to;on;at

C.in;on;atD.in;at;on

8.MissWangiscomingtoBeijingtwodays.

A.afterB.inC.onD.before

9.TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwontheend.

A.byB.atC.inD.on

1().NewYear'sEve,peopleusuallydon'tgotobeduntilmidnight.

A.inB.a(C.onD.for

【巩固】

【练习1】

L填入适当的介词

1.Mypcncil-cascisLiLei'sdesk.

2.Thereisabridgetheriver.

3.Theplaneisflyingtheclouds.

4.Pleasedonotwrite(hisline.

5.Thefishswimthebridge.

6.WcwillhaveafootballmatchthisSaturdayafternoon.

7.HeonlywatchesbasketballgameTV.

8.EnglandisthesouthofIrelandandthecastofEurope.

9.theafternoonofthisSunday,myuncleisarrivingShanghai.

10.1aingoingtomeethimthestationthisevening.

II.Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案)

1.SouthKorealiestheeastofAsia,thesouthofNorthKorea.

A.in;onB.on;inC.in;toD.on;on

2.JiangsuistheeastofChina,butJapanistheeastofChina.

A.to;inB.in;toC.on;toD.to;on

3.TheUnitedStatesis______thesouthofCanadaand____—theeastofJapan.

A.to;inB.on;toC.in;besideD.at;on

4.Therewasabigsmile______ourteacher'sface.

AoffB.nearC.onD.between

5.Theywillhaveamathtest______twodays.

A.forB.atC.inD.after

6.Wehadourbreakfast______aquarter_______seven.

A./,toB.in;toC.at,toD.on,to

7.Don'tshouttheoldwoman.Youshouldbemorepoliteher.

A.to;atB.at;toC.in;forD.from;for

8.Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice_____yourEnglishstudy?

A.fromB.withC.onD.in

9.Alittlemonkeyisplayingatreeandtherearealotofbananasit.

A.on;onB.in;onC.on;inD.in;in

10.Whoaretheboysgreensportsshirts?

A.withB.inC.atD.from

【拔高】

【练习1】

I.Alargegroupofstudentsarewaitingthebusstoptortheschoolbus.

A.forB.atC.toD.on

2.Tom,youarethepersonI'mlooking_Cometohelpmedealwiththecase.

A.atB.forC.afterD.up

3.PeopleonChongmingIslandcangotoShanghaiundergroundsoon.

AinBbyCatDon

4.AustraliaisfamousitsPinkLake,butnowpeoplecan'tenjoythesceneryanylonger.

A.forB.withC.ofD.from

5.Theliftinourbuildingsuddenlybrokedownandwegottrappedfloors.

A.inB.onC.betweenD.among

6.Thelocalgovernmentisplanningtodigthemountaintomakeatunnel（隧道）.

A.acrossB.throughC.aboveD.throughout

7.ThefilmWolfWarriors11turnedtobeabigsuccessin2017.

A.outB.overC.onD.down

8.Itwasabsolutelyimpossibletobuildafirethatcoldwinternight.

A.onB.inC.ofD.by

9.Franceisfamousitsgreatwine,touristattractionsandfashionshows.

A.asB.forC.toD.with

10.A:I'mthirsty.Tdlikeaglassoforangejuice.Whataboutyou,Dad?

B:Ipreferacupofcoffeenothinginit.

A.withB.withoutC.forD.to

11.ThetourguidehappenedtomeetahugefiercemonsterMysteryIsland.

A.inB.onC.atD.by

12.1wasangrymyselfformakingsuchastupidmistake.

A.ofB.atC.withD.for

13.Leadersfrom20countriesandorganizationattendedtheHangzhouG20

Summit__September,2016.

A.onB.inC.atD.for

l4.Nicholsset_earlythismorningforhisfarmhouseinCalifornia.

A.withBoffCaboutDup

15.Pleaseconnect(hespeakerstheCDplayerso(hatwecanhearthesongsclearly.

A.byB.ofC.atD.to

16.Let'shavearestthetimebeing,thenwewillcontinuetodiscusstheplan

A.onB.inC.atD.for

17.USpresidentDonaldTrumpstartedhisvisittoChinaNovember8,2017.

A.withB.inC.onD.of

18.0urheadmasteralwaysencouragestheschoolcookstoservehealthymealsjunk

food.

A.underB.ofC.withD.without

19.Insteadtellinghimtheanswer,theteacherhelpedhim

(oreadthetextagain.

A.ofB.forC.atD.to

20.Lilyspentyearscaringhersickuncle.

A.ofB.atC.forD.with

21.AgroupofteacherswenttoGuangzhouforanimportantactivityDec.20th.

A.inB.onC.toD.at

22.Someyoungparentsareunawarethedangerofgiving(heirbabiessmartphones.

A.withB.forC.inD.of

23.Therewere22medicalserviceareastheroutein2017ShanghaiMarathon.

A.alongB.withC.throughD.across

?.4.Sue'sstillveryangrymeforforgettingherbirthday

A)forB)toC.withD)by

25.Theworld'ssmallestlizardhasbeendiscoveredasmallCaribbeanisland.

A)onB)inC)forD)at

26.1rememberthatmycousinPetercametoseeusaverycoldnightlasttime.

A)inB)onC)atD)with

27.It'scommonknowledgethatleaveschangefromgreentobrownautumn.

A)atB)onC)byD)in

28.Withanaveragetemperatureof2()degrees,springisitswaytoShanghai.

A)onB)inC)ofD)by

29.Thestorysoundsquitefamiliarme.andIgotalittlebored.

A)offB)forC)toD)with

30.Tomysurprise,theanswerturnedtobequiterighta(last.

A)intoB)downC)outD)in

31.The24thWinterOlympicswillbeheldinBeijingFebruary,2022.

A)inB)onC)atD)by

32.1apologizedtotheteachernotfinishingtheexercisesintime.

A)forB)atC)asD)of

33.Howmuchtimedoyouspendyourstudyeveryday?

A)inB)onC)atD)with

34.ThemanagerwasangryMorrisbecausehesente-mailstothewrongcustomer

again.

A.atB.toC.wi:hD.from

35.Zhujiajiao,anoldtownwithahistoryofhundredsofyears,liesthewestof

Shanghai.

A.onB.inC.toD.among

36.ThetraveleraskedsomewaterwhenhepassedGrannyLi'shouse.

A.byB.forC.wi:hD.of

37.WeallknowMother'sDayiscelebratedthesecondSundayofMay.

A)inB)toC)onD)at

38.Thelawpreventsbusinessmenbuyingandsellingivory,toothoftheelephant.

A.byB.ofC.againstD.from

39.LastweekendImetaforeignerinthestreetandshowedhimthewayEnglish.

A)withB)onC)inD)by

40.Arightfashionablescarf,necklace,beltetc.canaddvarietysimpleclothes.

A)forB)byC)withD)to

A1.Jerrylosthiswayinthefield,thegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.

A.orB.forC.butD.so

五、【课后巩固】

【习题1】

一、填入正确的介词。

1.Thereisamapofiheworldthewall.

2.Thestationismyhome.Ittakesonlyafewminutestogetthere.

3.Thesunrisestheeastandgoesdown.thewest.

4.ShecomesEngland.

5.Who'sknockingthedoor?

6.It'susuallyquiethereSundaymorning.

7.school,theboysplayfootball.

8.It'shalffivenow.

9.It'snicetogooutfbra