小升初译林英语公式及固定搭配

小升初译林英语公式及固定搭配在小学英语学习的尾声，亦是初中英语学习的前奏，掌握核心的句型公式与固定搭配，如同获得了打开英语之门的钥匙。这不仅能帮助同学们在小升初的过渡中平稳衔接，更能为未来的英语学习奠定坚实基础。本文将系统梳理译林版教材中核心的“公式”与“搭配”，力求专业严谨，注重实用。一、核心句型公式：搭建句子的骨架句型公式是英语句子的基本结构，掌握它们，就能灵活组织语言。1.be动词句型(am,is,are)*公式1：主语+be动词(am/is/are)+表语(名词/形容词/介词短语等)*例：Iamastudent.(我是一名学生。)*例：Thebookisinteresting.(这本书很有趣。)*例：Theyareintheclassroom.(他们在教室里。)*公式2：主语+be动词(am/is/are)+not+表语(否定句)*例：Heisnot(isn't)here.(他不在这里。)*公式3：Be动词(Am/Is/Are)+主语+表语?(一般疑问句)*例：Areyouready?(你准备好了吗？)Yes,Iam./No,I'mnot.2.情态动词can句型*公式1：主语+can+动词原形+其他(肯定句，表示“能/会做某事”)*例：Icanswim.(我会游泳。)*公式2：主语+can+not(can't)+动词原形+其他(否定句)*例：Shecan'trideabike.(她不会骑自行车。)*公式3：Can+主语+动词原形+其他?(一般疑问句)*例：Canyouhelpme?(你能帮我吗？)Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.3.实义动词句型(以动词原形do为例，第三人称单数用does)*公式1：主语+实义动词原形/第三人称单数形式+其他(肯定句，一般现在时)*例：Ilikeapples.(我喜欢苹果。)*例：HeplaysfootballeverySunday.(他每周日踢足球。)*公式2：主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形+其他(否定句，一般现在时)*例：Theydon'twatchTVintheevening.(他们晚上不看电视。)*例：Shedoesn'tlikecoffee.(她不喜欢咖啡。)*公式3：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他?(一般疑问句，一般现在时)*例：Doyougotoschoolbybus?(你坐公交车上学吗？)Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.*例：Doeshehaveapen?(他有一支钢笔吗？)Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.4.Therebe句型(表示“某地有某物”)*公式1：Thereis+单数名词/不可数名词+地点状语*例：Thereisacatunderthechair.(椅子下面有一只猫。)*例：Thereissomewaterintheglass.(杯子里有一些水。)*公式2：Thereare+复数名词+地点状语*例：Therearemanybooksonthedesk.(桌子上有很多书。)*公式3：Thereisn't/aren't+...(否定句)*公式4：Isthere...?/Arethere...?(一般疑问句)5.现在进行时句型*公式：主语+be动词(am/is/are)+动词-ing形式+其他*例：Listen!Someoneissinging.(听！有人在唱歌。)*例：Theyareplayinggamesnow.(他们现在正在玩游戏。)二、常用固定搭配：丰富表达的血肉固定搭配是英语中约定俗成的短语或习惯用法，是提升语言地道性的关键。1.动词短语(VerbPhrases)*lookat(看)：Lookattheblackboard,please.*listento(听)：Listentotheteachercarefully.*lookfor(寻找)：Iamlookingformypencil.*lookafter(照顾)：Shelooksafterhergrandma.*puton(穿上)：Putonyourcoat.It'scold.*takeoff(脱下)：Takeoffyourshoesinthehouse.*turnon(打开)：Turnonthelight,please.*turnoff(关闭)：TurnofftheTVwhenyouleave.*getup(起床)：Igetupatsixthirty.*gotoschool(去上学)：Hegoestoschoolbybike.*gohome(回家)：Wegohomeatfour.*gotobed(去睡觉)：Igotobedatnine.*havebreakfast/lunch/dinner(吃早/午/晚餐)：Ihavebreakfastatseven.*haveclass(上课)：WehaveEnglishclassinthemorning.*playbasketball/football/ping-pong(打篮球/踢足球/打乒乓球)：Helikesplayingfootball.*playwith(和…一起玩)：Don'tplaywithfire.*talkto/with(和…交谈)：Sheistalkingwithherfriend.*readbooks(看书)：Ilikereadingbooks.*writealetter(写信)：Heiswritingalettertohisfather.*wanttodosth.(想要做某事)：Iwanttoeatanapple.*liketodosth./likedoingsth.(喜欢做某事)：Shelikestosing./Shelikessinging.*wouldliketodosth.(想要做某事，更委婉)：Wouldyouliketodrinksometea?*candosth.(能做某事)：IcanspeakEnglish.2.介词搭配(PrepositionalCollocations)*in+年/月/季节/上午/下午/晚上：in2023,inMay,inspring,inthemorning*on+具体某一天/星期几：onMonday,onJune1st,onmybirthday*at+具体时刻/几点钟：atseveno'clock,atnoon,atnight*in+地点(大地方)：inChina,inNanjing,intheclassroom*on+地点(表面)：onthedesk,onthewall,onthefarm*at+地点(小地方/固定搭配)：athome,atschool,atthestation*under(在…下面)：underthetable*beside/nextto(在…旁边)：besidethewindow,nexttome*between...and...(在…和…之间)：betweenyouandme*infrontof(在…前面)：infrontofthehouse*behind(在…后面)：behindthedoor*with(和…一起/用某种工具)：playwithTom,writewithapen*by+交通工具(乘坐某种交通工具)：bybus,bybike,byplane*from...to...(从…到…)：fromschooltohome,fromMondaytoFriday3.形容词与副词搭配(Adjective&AdverbCollocations)*begoodat+doingsth.(擅长做某事)：Sheisgoodatdancing.*begoodto(对…友好)：Myteacherisgoodtous.*begoodfor(对…有益)：Milkisgoodforyou.*bebadfor(对…有害)：Smokingisbadforhealth.*beinterestedin+doingsth.(对做某事感兴趣)：Iaminterestedinreading.*belatefor(迟到)：Don'tbelateforschool.*verymuch(非常)：Thankyouverymuch.*somuch/somany(如此多)：somuchwater,somanybooks*toomuch/toomany(太多，表否定)：Don'teattoomuchcandy.*fast(快地)：runfast*slowly(慢地)：walkslowly*well(好地)：Heplaysfootballwell.4.名词短语(NounPhrases)*acupof(一杯)：acupoftea*aglassof(一玻璃杯)：aglassofmilk*apieceof(一片/一张/一块)：apieceofpaper,apieceofbread*abottleof(一瓶)：abottleofjuice*apairof(一双/一副)：apairofshoes,apairofglasses*lotsof/alotof(许多)：lotsofbooks,alotofwater5.其他重要搭配*Hereyouare.(给你。)*Thankyou./Thanks.(谢谢你。)*Excuseme.(打扰一下。/对不起。)*Sorry.(对不起。)*That'sallright./Itdoesn'tmatter.(没关系。)*Goodmorning/afternoon/evening/night.*Howareyou?-Fine,thankyou.Andyou?*What'syourname?-Mynameis...*Thisis...(这是…，用于介绍)*Howmany...?(多少…，问可数名词数量)*