2026《金版教程》高考复习方案英语人教经典版-UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES

一背记单词/词块◎道德1．moraladj.道德的n.道德2．virtuen.高尚的道德3．principlen.道德原则◎状态4．dilemman.进退两难的境地5．moral__dilemma道德困境6．fntvi.昏倒7．passiveadj.被动的；顺从的8．pregnantadj.怀孕的；妊娠的9．spillvt.&vi.(使)洒出；(使)溢出10．limpvi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走11．tearn.眼泪12．desprn.绝望13．mightn.力量；威力◎教育14．illustratevt.给(书或文章)加插图15．tuitionn.(小组)教学；讲课16．feen.专业服务费；报酬17．tuitionfees学费18．unionn.协会；联合会；工会19．scholarshipn.奖学金20．publishvt.发表21．kindergartenn.学前班；幼儿园22．chrmann.主席；主持人◎职业23．hirevt.聘任24．physiciann.医师；(尤指)内科医生25．residentphysician住院医师26．colleaguen.同事；同僚27．staffn.员工28．insurancen.保险；保险业29．wtressn.(餐馆的)女服务员；女侍者30．incomen.收入；收益◎地点31．clinicn.诊所；门诊部32．polen.(行星的)极；地极33．cafén.咖啡馆；小餐馆34．courtn.(网球等的)球场；法院；法庭◎物品35．importn．&vt.进口36．exportn．&vt.出口37．maplen.枫树；槭树38．cartn.手推车；运货马车◎描述词39．preciousadj.珍稀的40．farawayadj.遥远的41．elsewhereadv.在别处；去别处42．perprep.每；每一43．thereforeadv.因此；所以◎其他44．entrustvt.委托；交付45．decaden.十年；十年期46．whispervi.&vt.悄声说47．midnightn.子夜；午夜48．lapn.(坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈49．bitevt.&vi.咬50．lipn.嘴唇51．memoryn.记忆力52．chnn.一连串(人或事)；链子；链条53．disguisevt.装扮54．fablen.寓言；寓言故事二词形变化1．marryv.结婚→marriagen.结婚；婚姻2．majoradj.主要的→majorityn.大部分3．complnvi.&vt.抱怨→complntn.抱怨4．respondvt.回答→responsen.反应5．rejectvt.拒绝接受→rejectionn.拒绝接受6．appointvt.任命；安排→appointedadj.约定的→appointmentn.约会；约定7．electvt.选举→electionn.选举8．tendvt.照顾→tendencyn.趋势9．retirevi.&vt.退休→retiredadj.退休的→retirementn.退休10．savevt.救→savingn.节省物11．scarevt.惊吓→scaredadj.害怕的→scaryadj.令人恐惧的12．sharpadj.急剧的→sharpenvt.削尖→sharplyadv.急剧地13．replacevt.接替→replacementn.替换14．accidentn.事故→accidentaladj.意外的→accidentallyadv.偶然地15．operatevt.&vi.做手术→operationn.手术→operatorn.操作员16．assistvt.帮助→assistancen.帮助→assistantn.助理17．harmn．&vt.伤害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmfullyadv.有害地→harmlessadj.无害的18．flexibleadj.灵活的→flexiblyadv.灵活地→flexibilityn.灵活性19．tenseadj.紧张的→tensionn.紧张关系1．ShemarriedaGerman,butthemarriagelastedonlythreeyears.(marry)2．Eatingtoomucheverydayisharmfultoourhealth;thatistosay,eatingtoomucheverydaydoesharmtoourhealth.(harm)3．TheresidentphysicianoftencomplnsabouthisworkingconditionsandI'mtiredofhiscomplnts．(compln)4．Seeingthescarywolf,childrenwereveryscared,__butsomeadultsmanagedtoscarethebeastoff.(scare)5．Doctorsoperatedontheinjuredpersonimmediatelyandtheoperationwasverysuccessful.(operate)6．Mysuggestiongotrejectedandtherejectionkeptmeinlowspiritsforalongtime.(reject)7．Whenheneededsomeonetoassisthim,hisassistantcametohisassistance．(assist)8．Themeetinghad__been__appointedattheshoppingcenter,butshefledtokeeptheappointment,__soIwasveryangry.(appoint)三熟词生义1.illustrate[熟义]vt.(举例)说明；阐明[生义]vt.给(书或文章)加插图2．respond[熟义]vt.回答；回复[生义]vi.做出反应；回应3．tend[熟义]vi.倾向；趋于[生义]vt.照顾；照料4．operation[熟义]n.手术[生义]n.操作；运行；企业；经营5．tear[熟义]n.眼泪；泪水[生义]v.流泪；撕破；撕6．might[熟义]modalv.可能[生义]n.力量；威力1．Whenwetearonepagefromthecalendar,itmeansourlifehasbeenshortenedbyoneday.每当我们从日历上撕下一页，就意味着我们的生命减少一天。2．Theprofessorlecturedwithabeamingcountenance,butthestudentsdidn'trespondmuch,onlyagreeingwithwhathesd.教授讲得眉飞色舞，学生们却没有太大的回应，只是随声应和。3．Shewentontoartschoolandisnowillustratingabook.她接着上了美术学校，现在正在给一本书画插图。4．Iwouldliketotend(to)thestoreforyouwhileyou'reaway.你不在时我愿意替你照看店铺。5．Youmustreadtheoperationinstructionsbeforeusingthismachine.在使用这台机器之前你必须阅读操作说明书。6．Duringtheintensedebate,herwordsdemonstratedamightofforceandpowerthatcouldpotentiallyaltertheaudience'sperspectiveentirely.在那场激烈的辩论中，她的言辞展现出了不可忽视的力量，可能彻底改变了观众的观点。小积累wordfamilies1.各种“说”①complnv.私下抱怨说②whisperv.低声说③insistv.坚持说④jokev.开玩笑地说⑤addv.继续说，补充说⑥murmurv.小声说，私下抱怨说2.考虑“费用”①fee费用；酬金②fare车费③expense花费④charge费用；收费⑤fine罚款⑥tip小费3.“in＋抽象名词”短语①in__tears流着泪；含着泪②in__despr处于绝望中③indanger处于危险之中④insilence沉默地⑤insurprise/shock吃惊地⑥inneed贫困的，在危难中一词表短语1．carry__sb__through__sth帮助某人渡过难关2．tend__to__do__sth易于做某事；往往会发生某事3．first__d急救4．pass__away去世5．in__memory__of作为对……的纪念6．trip__over被……绊倒7．in__tears流着泪；含着泪8．in__despr处于绝望中9．a__great__deal__(of)大量选用上面的短语填空1．Everyyear,atreeisplantedintheparkin__memory__ofthelocalherowhosavedachildfromdrowning.2．Aftertherejectionofhisvisaapplication,hesatin__despr/in__tears,__unsureofhowtopursuehisdreamsabroad.3．Rushingtocatchthebus,hetripped__overanunevenpavement,causingacrowdofpeopletoreachoutandhelphimup.4．Thehospitalroomwasfilledwithsadnessasthefamilygathered,rememberingtheirlovedonewhohad__passed__away．5．Stationarycarsintrafficjamscausea__great__deal__ofpollution.6．Whitewinestend__togndepthofcolourwithage.二写作词块1．master__rich__knowledge掌握丰富的知识2．make__contributions__to__the__society对社会做出贡献3．set__off__a__chn__reaction引起了连锁反应4．bite__one's__lips咬嘴唇5．speak__in__a__whisper低声说话6．respond__with__a__smile报以微笑7．develop__good__moral__characters培养良好的道德品质8．traditional__virtue传统美德9．a__more__flexible__approach更灵活的方法10．be__willing__to__help__others乐于助人11．nervous__tension神经紧张12．moral__principle道德准则1．(教材P16)对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的。如果人们把生命托付给我，我怎么能说自己冷、自己饿、自己困，而拒绝这份信任呢？(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)To__a__person__nothing__is__more__precious__than__their__life,__and__if__they__entrust__me__with__that__life,__how__could__I__refuse__that__trust,__saying__I'm__cold,__hungry,__or__tired?2．(教材P16)她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。(the＋序数词＋n.＋todosth)She__immediately__became__the__first__woman__ever__to__be__hired__as__a__resident__physician__in__the__OB­GYN__department__of__the__PUMC__Hospital.3．(教材P17)中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了更大的作用。(see意为“见证”的拟人用法)The__new__People's__Republic__of__China__saw__Dr__Lin__Qiaozhi__playing__a__key__role.4．(教材P20)过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。(独立主格结构)After__a__while,__a__group__of__women__came__along,__each__balancing__a__pot__of__water__on__her__head.自主检测一、重点单词1．majoradj.主要的vi.主修n.主修课程→majorityn.大部分；大多数2．respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen．反应；回答；回复3．rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejectionn.拒绝接受；否决4．scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scaredadj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scaryadj.令人恐惧的5．retirevi.&vt.退休；退职；退出→retiredadj.已退休的；已退职的→retirementn.退休6．energyn.精力；活力；能量→energeticadj.精力充沛的；充满活力的7．assistvt.帮助；援助→assistancen.帮助；援助→assistantn.助理；助手8．harmn．&vt.伤害；损害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmfullyadv.有害地→harmlessadj.无害的；不致伤害的9．flexibleadj.灵活的；可变通的→flexiblyadv.灵活地→flexibilityn.灵活性10．tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于→tendencyn.趋势拔高词汇—高分必备1.exceed/Ik'siːd/v.超过，超出2．disheartening/dIs'hɑːtnIŋ/adj.使人沮丧的3．guardian/'ɡɑːdiən/n.保护者；监护人4．proficiency/prə'fIʃ(ə)nsi/n.熟练；娴熟5.rational/'ræʃ(ə)nəl/adj.合理的；理性的6．chilly/'tʃIli/adj.寒冷的；冷淡的7．confess/kən'fes/v.供认，招供；承认8．whatsoever/ˌwɒtsəʊ'evə(r)/adv.丝毫(用于强调否定句)二、重点语块Herforgetfulnessoftenmakeshertend__to__forget(容易忘记)importantdetls,butherdeterminedfriendalwayscarries__her__through(帮她渡过)life'schallenges.Inamoral__dilemma(道德困境),hehadtochoosebetweenhelpingherandfulfillingalong­standingcommitmenttoanotherfriend.However,hisloyaltytoherneverwavered,andhechosetobebyhersidewheneversheneededhim.Tohonortheirfriendship,theyplantedatreein__memory__of(纪念)allthemomentsthey'dshared.Once,whenshewasinjured,hequicklyadministeredfirst__d(急救),preventingthesituationfromsetting__off__a__chn__reaction(引起连锁反应)ofpanic.Seeinghisfriendin__tears(含着泪)duetothepn,hecomfortedherwitha__great__deal__of(大量的)careandpatience,neverleavinghersideevenwhenshefeltin__despr(处于绝望中)．三、重点句式1．在这个小镇上，没有一家餐厅比“老地方”更受欢迎。(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)Inthissmalltown,no__restaurant__is__more__popular__than__the__“Old__Place”．2．随着夜幕降临，星星开始在天空中闪烁。(独立主格结构)Night__falling,__thestarsbegantotwinkleinthesky.四、写作佳句1．【教材P16】林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。These__words__of__Dr__Lin__Qiaozhi__give__us__a__look__into__the__heart__of__this__amazing__woman,__and__what__carried__her__through__a__life__of__hard__choices.2．【教材P16】林巧稚五岁时母亲病故，这对她影响极大。As__a__five－year－old__girl,__Lin__Qiaozhi__was__deeply__affected__by__her__mother's__death.3．【教材P17】然而，她的心却在别处。Her__heart,__however,__was__elsewhere.4．【教材P18】不幸的是，白求恩医生于次年11月去世，并被埋葬在石家庄。Sadly,__Dr__Bethune__passed__away__in__November__the__following__year__and__was__buried__in__Shijiazhuang.硬核考点考点1complnvi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚compln(tosb)of/about(doing)sth(向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)就(做)某事发牢骚compln(tosb)that...(向某人)抱怨……makeacomplntaboutsth抱怨/投诉某事1.OnedayJakecamehomefromschoolandcomplned(compln)asusual.Hegrumbledabouteverythingthatmadehimunhappy,hisfacecloudedwithgloom.2．Weneedtofocusonfindingasolutiontotheproblem,ratherthanjustcomplningof/aboutit.3．我写信是为了投诉我从你们网站上买的夹克。我很遗憾地说它出了问题。(写作佳句)I'mwritingtocompln__of/about__the__jacket__which__I__bought__from__your__website.Iregrettosaythatthere'ssomethingwrongwithit.(compln)＝I'mwritingtomake__a__complnt__about__the__jacket__which__I__bought__from__your__website.Iregrettosaythatthere'ssomethingwrongwithit.(complnt)考点2respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应respondto对……做出反应inresponseto回应/响应……make(a)responseto对……做出反应1.(2024·浙江高考1月)Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponse(respond)toinformation.2．Knowingbasicfirst­dtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.3．Sheopenedherlittlepinkpurseandpulledoutafive­dollarbill.“Oh,good.I'llpayyoubackwhenwegethome，”Iresponded__with__a__sigh__of__relief(松了一口气回答道)．4．为了回应您对我校每年举办的步行者活动的询问，我写信详细说明一些细节。(写作佳句)In__response__to__your__inquiry__abouttheTrl­walkerActivityheldannuallybymyschool,I'mwritingtoelaborateonsomedetls.考点3appointvt.任命；委派appointsbas/tobe...任命某人为……appointsbtodosth委派某人做某事make/haveanappointment(withsb)(与某人)约会/预约keeptheappointment遵守约定byappointment按照约定1.Theuniversityappointedhimto__teach(teach)theadvancedphysicscourse,acknowledginghisdeepunderstandingofthesubject.2．TheschoolboardappointedMrsSmithasthenewprincipal,prsingherdedicationandcommitmenttoeducation.3．她约了发型师为即将到来的活动做一个新发型。She__made/had__an__appointment__with__her__hrstylist__to__get__a__new__hrstyle__for__the__upcoming__event.4.我写信是向你道歉，我不能遵守我们上周五定下的约会了。(写作佳句)I__am__writing__to__apologize__to__you__that__I__cannot__keep__the__appointment__that__we__made__last__Friday.考点4tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于tendtodosth倾向于做某事；往往会发生某事tend(to)sb照顾某人haveatendencyto/towards有……的倾向haveatendencytodosth有做某事的倾向1.(2024·全国甲卷)However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendto__produce(produce)stretchedandsoftmeows.2．AsaSenior3student,itisnormalthatyouhaveatendency(tend)togetanxiouswithtimegoingby.3．WhileIhatetoadmitit,peoplealwaystend__to__judge__a__person__by__his__or__her__appearance(倾向于以貌取人)．4．事故发生后，社区中心的志愿者照顾伤者，为他们提供急救和安慰。After__the__accident,__the__volunteers__from__the__community__center__tended__to__the__injured,__providing__them__with__first__d__and__comfort.【外研版必修第三册写作佳句】Hereallyhadmadeadifferenceforthesechildren.Hebrokeintoajoyfulsmile.他真的改变了这些孩子的生活。他的脸上终于露出了高兴的笑容。考点5replacevt.接替；取代；更换replace...with/by...用……替换……bereplacedby...被……替换/取代taketheplaceof＝takeone'splace＝beinplaceof代替1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre­seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.2．在未来，计算机可能会完全取代人类。Computersmayreplacehumanbeingcompletelyinthefuture.＝Computersmaytake__the__place__ofhumanbeingcompletelyinthefuture.＝Computersmaytake____human__being's__placecompletelyinthefuture.＝Computersmaybe__in____place__ofhumanbeingcompletelyinthefuture.3．一种力量立刻取代了简脑海中不断增加的恐惧和焦虑。A__sense__of__strength__immediately__replaced__the__mounting__fear__and__anxiety__in__Jane's__mind.考点6whispervi.&vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传whispersthtosb向某人低声说某事whispertosbthat...轻声对某人说……inawhisper/whispers低声地；耳语地1.Wearingaradiantsmile,EdunapproachedMomandhuggedher,whispering(whisper),“Mom,thankyouforeverythingyouhavedoneforme.”2．Emilyabruptlycoveredherwide­openedmouth,feelingasifherheartwouldjumpout.However,whispers(whisper)aroundherpulledherbacktoearth.3．她凑近他，低声说了句话，说出了她保守已久的秘密。She__leaned__in__close__to__him__and__spoke__in__whispers/a__whisper,__revealingthesecretshehadbeenkeepingforsolong.考点7harmn．&vt.伤害；损害harmone'shealth/image/reputation损害某人的健康/形象/名誉do/causeharmtosb＝do/causesbharm对某人造成损害/伤害Thereisnoharmin(one's)doingsth(某人)做某事无害处mean/intendnoharm没有恶意beharmfulto...＝beofharmto...对……有害harmfuleffect不良影响；有害效应1.Thereisnoharmintakingabreakandstretchingyourlegsduringalongstudysession.2．我用手捂住电话，低声说我没有恶意。Icuppedmyhandoverthephone,whispering__I__meant/intended__no__harm．3．长时间盯着屏幕看对我们的眼睛有害。(写作佳句)Staringatthescreenforalongtimeis__harmful__to__our__eyes.(harmful)＝Staringatthescreenforalongtimeis__of__harm/does/causes__harm__to__our__eyes．(harmn．)＝Staringatthescreenforalongtimeharms__our__eyes．(harmv．)考点8独立主格结构用法：独立主格结构在句中作状语，修饰谓语或整个句子，可置于句首、句中或句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的或结果等。结构：名词/代词＋doing(主动/进行)名词/代词＋done(被动/完成)名词/代词＋todo(未发生的动作)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语1.夜幕降临，他们支起帐篷，快速地吃了个便饭。The__night__falling,__theyputupatentandwolfeddownasimplifieddinner.2．他涨红了脸，心脏怦怦直跳，跳起来，扯着嗓门喊。Blood__rushing__to__his__face__and__heart__palpitating__fiercely,__heleapttohisfeetandyelledatthetopofhisvoice.3．我哥哥向我走来，他的眼睛里满是担心。My__brother__made__his__way__to__me,__his__eyes__filled__with__concern.【北师版必修第二册写作佳句】HevisitedsickchildreninhospitalsandworkedwithorganisationssuchasSavetheChildren,speakingoutabouthealth,educationandchildprotectiontohelpthosemostinneed.他去看望医院的患病儿童，并与“拯救儿童”等组织合作，支持健康、教育和儿童保护等事业，帮助最需要帮助的人。强化训练一、单句语法填空1．Hegaveathoughtfulresponse(respond)toherquestion,showingthathehadreallyconsideredherperspective.2．Arecentsurveysuggeststhatthemajority(major)ofstudentstendtolearnEnglishbylisteningtoEnglishsongs.3．Ihavetocanceltheappointment(appoint)withyou,andIwillappointmybrotherto__pick(pick)youupattherport.4．Sheoftencomplnstoherfriendsof/aboutfeelinglonely.5．Themomentmyfatherarrivedhome,Ibowedmyheadtimidlyandwasscared(scare)tolookupathiscloudyface.6．Ifeelthewindblowing(blow)throughmyhr.7．Itisgenerallybelievedthatteacherswillneverbe__replaced(replace)bycomputersinclass.8．Themoreexerciseyoudo,themoreenergetic(energy)youwillbecome.9．Hearingtheirplan,Bernardjumpedforjoy,tearsofhappinessandgratitudewelling(well)upinhiseyes.10．WhenI'mfeelinganxious,Itendto__overthink(overthink)thingsandworryexcessively.二、熟词生义1．Weemployedagirltotendtothechildrenforafewhourseachday.照看2．Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficientacrosstheboard.运营；经营3．Thechildtorethewrappingpaperoffthegiftwithexcitement.撕开4．Theauthordecidedtoillustratethechildren'sbookwithcolorfuldrawingsofanimals.加插图5．Inthefaceofnature'smight,humansoftenfeelsmallandhelpless.威力三、构词法词缀含义例词e­一是表示出来二是表示电子elect,__erase,emerge,escape,elaborate,elongate,erupt,evaluate,e­ml,e­wallet,e­waste写出下列黑体词的含义1．IneedtoerasethemistakeImadeonthewhiteboardduringthemathclassbeforethenextlessonstarts.消除，擦掉2．Afteralonganddifficultjourney,abeautifulsunsetemergedonthehorizon,givingushopeandrenewedenergy.出现3．ShewaselectedastheheadoftheStudentUnionduetoherexcellentleadershipskills.评选4．ThecityofSeoulthrowsoutabout10tonsofe－wasteeachyear.电子垃圾5．Usingane­walletmakesitconvenientformetopayforgroceriesandserviceswithoutcarryingcashorcards.电子钱包6．Shecouldn'tescapethefeelingofguiltthathauntedheraftertheaccident.摆脱四、补全句子1．他创办了这一慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子。(memory)Hefoundedthecharityin__memory__of__his__late__wife．2．面对课业的压力，我们倾向于把更多的时间花在学习上而不是体育锻炼上。(tend)Facedwith/Inthefaceofthepressurefromacademicschoolwork,we__tend__to__spend__more__time__on__our__study__rather__than__physical__exercise．3．她走出房间，脸色苍白，眼睛因哭泣而红肿。(独立主格结构)Shewalkedoutoftheroom,her__face__pale__and__her__eyes__red__from__crying．4．埃里克立刻跑到他父亲身边，在他耳边低声说了些什么。(whisper)Ericinstantlyranovertohisfatherandwhispered__something__into__his__ear．5．两人既兴奋又感动，都流下了眼泪。(tear)Excitedandmoved,both__of__them__were__in__tears．6．老师发现学生们正在为考试而学习。(find复合结构)Theteacherfound__the__students__studyingfortheirexams.五、长难句分析(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhousewalksvisitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritnforthefirsttime.句意：此外，温室周围的丝绸之路花园将带领游客体验受古丝绸之路影响的旅程，丝绸和许多植物物种就是通过这条丝绸之路首次来到英国的。分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干是the__Silk__Route__Garden__walks__visitors；aroundthegreenhouse是介词短语作后置定语，修饰theSilkRouteGarden；influencedby...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a__journey；bywhich是“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词theancientSilkRoad。读写用—素养提升一、深化阅读——明晰考向以阅读养阅读(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertnplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer－causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco－machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwted.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco－machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse－likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco－machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself－repr.”篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了JohnTodd(约翰·托德)利用自然可以自我修复的原理建造了一个生态机器，来净化污水。24．WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Hewasfondoftraveling.B．Heenjoyedbeingalone.C．Hehadaninquiringmind.D．Helongedtobeadoctor.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild...themessespeopleweremaking.”以及第二段中的“Afterstudyingagriculture...fishcaneatcancer­causingchemicals？”可推知，John好学爱问。故选C。25．WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A．Tofeedtheanimals.B．Tobuildanecosystem.C．Toprotecttheplants.D．Totesttheeco－machine.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.”以及倒数第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults...allthatwasleftwaspurewater.(他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被完全消化了，只剩下纯净水。)”可知，John把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。26．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A．ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B．ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.C．TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D．ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Overtheyears...acityinsoutheastChina.”可知，本段主旨为John承担了许多重大工作，其中包括设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。由此可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示John想法的应用。故选B。27．WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?A．Naturecanrepritself.B．Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C．LifeonEarthisdiverse.D．Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Youputorganismsin...waystoself­repr.(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统发展自己的自我修复方式。)”可知，John工作的基础原理是自然可以自我修复。故选A。推断写作意图题类——“分门别类”法1．看主旨：根据文章或段落主旨推断作者的写作目的。2．看文体类别①故事类：totellastory/toshareanexperience/toamuse/entertnreaders；②广告应用类：tosellaproduct/toattractvisitors/topromotesth；③科普说明类：tointroduce/expln；④议论类：toargue/prove/analyze/show；⑤新闻类：toinform/report。3．看写作手法①在文章开头提出问题；②介绍与主题有关的事物；③举例或引用某人的话。二、读后续写——必备微技能高品素材情绪描写——尴尬、羞愧(二)脸颊因羞愧/尴尬而发烫cheeksburnedwithshame/embarrassment羞愧地低头drop/duck/lowerone'sheadwithembarrassment/shame血液涌上脸颊bloodrushestoone'sface/cheeks躲避目光avoideyecontact/one'sgaze尴尬地说utterwithadeepsenseofshame/embarrassment羞愧得要死bestruckdeadwithshame/embarrassment尴尬得想钻地缝soembarrassedwassbthatsbwantthefloortoopenupandconsume/swallowsb心里有蚂蚁爬one'sheartseemstohavetensofthousandsofantscrawling空气凝结rseemedtodisappear/standstill西红柿一样的脸one'sfaceturnsintoatomato羞愧爬上脸颊aflush/blushofembarrassmentcameto/creptuponone'scheeks/face高效课时作业Ⅰ.阅读A(2025·江苏省南通市如皋市高三质量检测)VolunteerSummerCampforTeensinCostaRicaAreyou16or17yearsoldandwantingtovolunteerabroadthissummer?InternationalVolunteerHQ'sSummerCampforteenvolunteersisanawesomewayforyoutospendpartofyoursummerholidayscontributingtowardsimportantcommunityinitiativesandlearningaboutCostaRicanculture.Whattoexpectandhowtomakeanimpact?TheTeenVolunteerSummerCampisanincredibleculturalimmersionexperienceavlabletosolovolunteersaged16and17andthewholeprocessisaccompanied.Participantswilltakepartinplannedactivitiesincludingvolunteeringinlocalcommunityprojects,takingsalsa(萨尔萨舞曲)lessons,goingonculturaladventures,andjoiningnaturetoursledbyourprofessionalguides.TheVolunteerTeenCamphastwoavlablestartdatesinJuneandJuly.ThefirstisavlableonJune30thandparticipantscanjoinfora1～3weekduration.ThesecondstartdateisJuly14thforamaximumof1week.WhyjointheVolunteerSummerCamp?WhenyouvolunteerasateeninCostaRica,you'llbeaddingvaluetothelocalcommunity,whilealsodevelopingpersonallyandprofessionallyby:*Contributingtocommunity­drivenvolunteerprojects*Developingyourcommunicationskills*LearningaboutCostaRica'sculture,foodandhistory*DiscoveringCostaRica'sbeautifulbeaches,nationalparksandcitiesVolunteerrequirements：*Volunteersmustprovideparentalagreementtoparticipateintheprogram.*Volunteersmustprovidetwocharacterreferenceletters.*Allvolunteersarerequiredtohaveenoughvolunteertravelinsurance.*AllvolunteersmustspeakfluentEnglish.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了哥斯达黎加的青少年志愿者夏令营活动，包括活动目的、参加条件等。1．Whatcanvolunteersdointhecamp?A．Goonoutdooradventures.B．Takeguidednaturetours.C．Organizelocalprojects.D．Instructdancelessons.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据Whattoexpectandhowtomakeanimpact？部分第二段“Participantswilltakepartin...ourprofessionalguides.”可知，志愿者会在国外参加由专业导游带领的自然之旅。故选B。2．Howcanparticipantsbenefitfromthesummercamp?A．Gnrichexperienceinsalsa.B．Buildconfidenceintheirculture.C．Haveagoodtimewiththeirparents.D．Bettertheirskillsincommunication.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据WhyjointheVolunteerSummerCamp？部分中的“Developingyourcommunicationskills”可知，志愿者会在夏令营中提高自己与他人的沟通技能。故选D。3．Whatisneededtoapplyforthecamp?A．Beingaccompaniedbyoneofparents.B．Havingrelevantvolunteerexperience.C．Offeringtwolettersofrecommendation.D．Havingatleastthreeweeksoffreetime.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据Volunteerrequirements部分中的“Volunteersmustprovidetwocharacterreferenceletters.”可知，参加者需要有两封推荐信。故选C。B(2025·山东省威海市乳山市银滩高级中学高三月考)Ateamofresearcherslookedatadecade'sworthofresponsestoanonlinesurveyaboutmoralsandanalyzedhowtheseresponseschangedfromoneseasontothenext.Theirfindingssuggestthat,atapopulationlevel,peoplearelesslikelytoendorse(赞成)moretraditionalmoralvaluesinsummerandwinter.TheresearchersreliedondatafromawebsitecalledYourM,whichoffersa“moralfoundationsquestionnre”whererespondentscanratehowstronglytheyagreeordisagreethatsomethingisrightorwrong.Thequestionswerebasedonmoralfoundationstheorytoexplorewhymoralityseemstofollowsimilarpatternsacrosspopulationsfromverydifferentcultures.Accordingtothetheory,moralitycanbebrokendownintofivefoundationalvaluescare,frness,loyalty,authority,andpurity—andthesebelongtotwogroups:individualizingvaluesandbindingvalues.Theseasonalpatterninresponsewasnotevidentforalltypesofvalues.Forinstance,individualizingvalues,focusingonthemoralityofindividualrights,showedlittlevariationovertimeanddidn'tfollowaseasonaltrend.However,bindingvalues—thatprioritizetheneedsofone'sgroup,includingloyalty,respectforauthority,andpurityoftradition—followedabiannualpattern.Toattempttobetterunderstandtheresults,theresearchersalsolookedatpatternsinGooglesearchresultsrelatedtoanxiety.Whattheyfoundwasthatpopulation­levelpatternsinanxietyalsofollowedaseasonalcyclepeakinginthespringandfall,whichsuggestsapotentialcorrelation(关联性).Springandfallareoftenthoughtofasthemostpleasantseasons,soanincreaseinanxietyduringthesetimesmightseemunexpected.Butit'spossiblethatincreasesinschoolandwork­relatedchangesduringthesetimescouldplaysomerole.Theyalsosuggestthatanxietymightdecreaseinwinterduetoseasonalholidays,andinsummerduetowarmerweatherandincreasedvegetation.“Weoftenthinkofmoralvaluesastheseunchangeableprinciplesthatweholdclose，”ProfessorHohmsays.Butthey'reactuallysubjecttoallkindsofinfluencesthatmightpassusbyunnoticed.Beingawareofhowthathappenscouldhelpusbetterunderstandandplanforseasonalshifts.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们的道德观念随季节而变化。4．Whichwillnotfollowaseasonaltrend?A．Purityoftradition.B．Loyaltytoone'sparty.C．Frnessamongpeople.D．Respectforauthority.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Forinstance...aseasonaltrend.(例如，注重个人权利道德性的个体化价值观，在时间上几乎没有变化，也没有遵循季节趋势。)”可推知，人与人之间的公平属于个人权利道德性个体化价值观，不遵循季节趋势。故选C。5．Whydopeoplefeelmostanxiousinspringandautumn?A．Changesintemperature.B．Increasedholidayexpenses.C．Reductioninvegetablevarieties.D．Newchallengesfromschoolandwork.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Springandfallareoftenthought...playsomerole.(春天和秋天通常被认为是最愉快的季节，所以在这段时间增加焦虑似乎是出乎意料的。但在这段时间里，与学校和工作相关的变化可能会起到一些作用。)”可知，春秋季的焦虑来自学校和工作的新挑战。故选D。6．Whatc