新医学大学英语视听说教程2（智慧版）-课件 Unit 2 Bioengineered motion pathways

Unit2Bioengineeredmotionpathways

目录LearningobjectivesExpressandrespondtoopinionswhendiscussingtechnology-relatedmedicaltopicsExplainthekeyprinciplesandbenefitsofrobot-assistedsurgery.010203Listenfordistinctionsbetweenfacts,evaluations,andpredictionsinscientificreports;Openingup

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Matchthefollowingpicturesrelatedtomedicalitemswiththeircorrespondingmaterials.MedicalDevices:12

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Engineeringideas:A.Lever:asimplemachinethathelpsyouliftorcutthings.B.Piston:apartthatmovesupanddowninsideatubetopushliquidorair.C.Bearing:apartthathelpstwosurfacesmoveagainsteachothersmoothly.D.Valve:adevicethatopensandclosestocontroltheflowofliquidorairAnswerKey:1-B2-A3-C4-DOpeningup2.Canyouthinkofanothermedicaldeviceandexplainthemechanicalprinciplebehindit?Viewingandspeaking

Pre-viewing

Thinkaboutthefutureofmedicineindustryandshareyourviewsonthefollowingquestions.1.Ifyoucoulddesignanewmedicaldevicetohelpdoctorsorpatients,whatwoulditbeandwhy?2.Inwhatwaysmightarobotdoctoroutperformahuman,andwherewillhumansalwayshavetheadvantage?Viewingandspeaking

Viewing

1.splint/splɪnt/n.（用以固定断骨的）夹板2.prototype/ˈprəʊtətaɪp/n.原型3.phantom/ˈfæntəm/n.体模4.topology/təˈpɒlədʒi/n.（空间）构造5.lesion/ˈliːʒn/n.（因病导致皮肤或器官的）损伤，损害6.cardiorespiratory/ˌkɑːdiəʊˈrespəreɪtəri/a.心肺的7.dialysis/ˌdaɪˈæləsəs/n.透析；渗析

Viewingandspeaking

1Viewing1.Howdoesasimpleideaturnintoalife-savingmedicaldevice?Watchthevideoandnumberthefollowingstages.Viewingandspeaking

Howdoyougofromaproblemtoasolution?________A.IdentifyingtheNeed(Cliniciansdescriberealproblemstheyface.)________B.DesigningandBuilding(Studentslearntocreateaprototypethoughtfully.)________C.PresentingtheSolution(Teamsdemonstratetheirfinisheddevices.)________D.FindingInspiration(Personalmotivationandcoursegoalsareintroduced.)Answers:2341ThemedicaldevicedesignprocessViewingandspeaking

1Viewing2.Watchthevideoagainandmatcheachdescriptionwithitscorrespondingfunction.Viewingandspeaking

Viewingandspeaking

1ViewingViewingandspeaking

Device/ProjectDescriptionMainFunction1.AbluelightsterilizationdeviceA.simulatesthestructureofbrainlesionsformedicaltrainingorplanning.2.RadioPhantomB.aimstolowerthechanceofinfectionsaftersurgery.3.AwearabledevicefortheelderlyC.helpsunderstandthereal-lifefearsanddifficultiesofpatientsreceivingtreatmentathome.4.Workingcloselywithaclinicianonin-homedialysisD.makesiteasierforelderlypatientstotracktheirheartandlunghealth.1.B2.A3.D4.CViewingandspeaking

ViewingScriptsMedicaldevicesaresomethingeverybody’sgoingtoneedandwanttohavebetter.Growingupandseeingmygrandparentsgetolderandsick,IreallywantedtofindwaysthatIcouldhelpimprovetheirlivesandmakethemhealthier.ThiscoursefocusesonpreparingstudentsforthebiggestindustryintheUnitedStates.Healthcareprovidesincrediblycomplicatedchallenges.Viewingandspeaking

Viewingandspeaking

1ViewingAndweteachthemhowtodesignamedicaldevice,soit’sbetter,cheaper.Itdoesn’thurtsomuch.Ithinkwhatmakesthisclassreallystandoutisit’sbridgingtogetherofclinicalpracticeandengineeringprinciple.Weinvitedadozenorsoclinicianstocomeinatthebeginningoftheclassanddescribe—Ineedanewtypeofsplint,orIneedanewthingyfortreatingthis.Weareveryusedtousingmedicaldevicesinaclinicalenvironment.Andweoftenhaveideasorhowtooptimizeorchangethewaytheyoperate.Viewingandspeaking

Viewingandspeaking

1ViewingTheproblemiswecannotchangethefilterhere.Wecannot...Whatwewantourstudentsinthisclasstodoisnothackandtrythingsatrandom.Wewantthemtodesignanexperimentthoughtfully.Attheendofthe14weeks,youhavetodeliveraprototype.Itisalotofpressure,butanincrediblymotivatingandenrichingexperience.Viewingandspeaking

Viewingandspeaking

1ViewingOurteamworkedonbuildingabluelightdisinfectiondevicetodecreasetherishofsurgicalsiteinfections.RadioPhantomisadevicethat’scapableofplacingradio-opaquemarkersin3Dspacetosimulatethetopologyofapatient’sbrainlesions.Ourwearabledeviceallowselderlypatientstomoreeasilyandcomfortablymonitortheircardiorespiratoryfitness.Workingwithaclinicianthroughouttheprojectreallykeptusgroundedintherealitiesofin-homedialysisandhowincrediblyfrighteningandpainfulitcanbe.Viewingandspeaking

Viewingandspeaking

1ViewingTheabilitytoactuallystepfootinthehospital,worksidebysidewithadoctorfortheentiresemester,experiencetheinnerworkingsoftheclinicenvironmentandbeabletoobserveitfirsthand,itmakesabigdifferencehowtheythinkaboutthedesignandprototypingontheirownsolutions.Andit’sveryeasytoforgetthatthereisareal,livinghumanbeingontheotherendofthatdevice.OneofthebestmemoriesIhaveisgivingourfinalpresentationattheendofthesemester.Viewingandspeaking

Viewingandspeaking

1ViewingWatchingthose11teamsgetupthereandshowtheincredibledevicesthattheyhadbuiltinthespaceofafewmonthswasbreathtaking.Iwalkedoutofthatlecturehallallsmilesandwithrenewedhopeforthefuture.BecauseifthisiswhatMITstudentscancomeupwithinthatspaceoftime,theworld’sproblemlooklessdifficulttosolve.Viewingandspeaking

Viewingandspeaking

1Viewing3.Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestion.Akeygoalmentionedinthisvideoistodesign“better”devices.Whatdoyouthink“better”means–developingadvancedhigh-techinventionsordesigningaffordable,accessiblesolutionsthathelpmorepeople?Discussyourideaswithapartnerandgiveexamplestosupportyourview.Viewingandspeaking

Listeningandspeaking

News1.prosthetic/prɒsˈθetɪk/a.假体的2.amputee/ˌæmpjuˈtiː/n.被截肢者ListeningandspeakingNews1.Listentoapieceofnewsanddecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrue(T)orfalse(F).()1.Themainproblemforpeoplewholosealimbisthattraditionalprostheticlimbsareoftentooheavyandexpensive.()2.3D-printedlimbstakeaverylongtimetoproduce,whichisamajordisadvantage.FTListeningandspeakingNews1.Listentoapieceofnewsanddecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrue(T)orfalse(F).()3.Onekeyadvantageof3Dprintingforchildrenisthattheprostheticlimbscanbeeasilyadjustedasthechildgrows.()4.Thenewsreportmentionsthatorganizationsarecreatingprostheticlegsthatlooklikecoolrobottoystoencouragechildrentowearthem.FTListeningandspeakingNews1.Listentoapieceofnewsanddecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrue(T)orfalse(F).()5.Althoughstilldeveloping,3D-printedprostheticshavealreadyprovidedcompleteindependenceto millionsofpeopleworldwide.FListeningandspeaking

NewsScript

Losinganarmorlegcanmakelifeverydifficultforpeople’slives.Withoutprostheticlimbs,peoplefindithardtowalk,work,ordodailytasks.Butnow,3Dprintingtechnologyisbringingnewhope.3D-PrintedProstheticLimbsBringNewHopetoAmputeesListeningandspeaking

NewsScript

Unliketraditionalprosthetics,whichareoftenheavyandexpensive,3D-printedlimbsarelightweightandlow-cost.Theycanbemadequickly—sometimesinjustafewdays.Thisisespeciallyhelpfulforchildren,whoneednewprostheticsoftenastheygrow.With3Dprinting,theirartificiallimbscanbeeasilyresizedandreprinted.Listeningandspeaking

NewsScript

Groupslike"EnablingtheFuture"and"CyborgBeast"areusingthistechnologytocreateprosthetichandsforkids.Thesedeviceslooklikecoolrobottoys,sochildrenaremorewillingtowearthem.HospitalsincountriessuchasUganda,Cambodia,andTanzaniaarealsotesting3Dprintingtohelpmorepeopleinlesstime.Listeningandspeaking

NewsScript

Althoughthetechnologyisstillimproving,ithasalreadychangedmanylives.Withcontinueddevelopment,3D-printedprostheticscouldoffermorefreedomandindependencetomillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Listeningandspeaking

NewsAcharitydonates3Dprinterstoaremotehospitaltocreateartificiallimbs,yettheinitiativefailsduetoprintermalfunctions,materialshortages,anddesignlimitations.Apartfromsuchtechnicalchallenges,whatotherfactorsarecriticalforensuringlastingreal-worldimpact?2.Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestion.Listeningandspeaking

Conversation1.sinuses/ˈsaɪnɜ:sɪs/n.鼻窦炎2.bladder/ˈblædə(r)/n.膀胱3.antibiotics/ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪks/n.抗生素；抗生学Listeningandspeaking

Conversation1.A.Theyareoperatedbyaremotecontrol.B.Theyuseasmallbatterytomoveontheirown.C.Theyareguidedusingmagnets.D.Theyfollowapre-programmedpath.1.Listentoaconversationandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.√Listeningandspeaking

Conversation2.A.Aspecialsoundwave.B.Asmalllightthatproducesheat.C.Achemicalreaction.D.Asmalldoseofantibiotics.√Listeningandspeaking

Conversation3.A.Ithasbeenapprovedforuseinhumans.B.Itdidnotdamagetissuesinanimaltests.C.Itiscompletelyrisk-free.D.Ithascausedminorproblemsinanimaltests.√Listeningandspeaking

Conversation4.A.Withinthenextyear.B.In1to2years.C.In5to10years.D.Inmorethan20years.√Listeningandspeaking

Conversation5.A.Therobotsaretooexpensivetomake.B.Therobotsarenoteffectiveenough.C.Therobotsareallremovedaftertreatment.D.Themagnetsarenotstrongenough.√Listeningandspeaking

Conversation1.Howarethetinyrobotsmovedinsidethebody?2.Whathappenstothebacteriawhentherobotsareheated?3.WhatdoesDr.Leesayaboutthesafetyofthetechnologysofar?4.Whenisthistreatmentexpectedtobeavailableforpeople?5.AccordingtoDr.Lee,whatisonechallengetheyneedtosolve?QuestionsListeningandspeaking

ConversationTopic:TinyRobotsforCleaningSinusesSizeoftherobots:Evensmallerthana1)_______________.Entrypoint:Guidedintothesinusesthroughthe2)_______________.Mainadvantage:Canclearinfectionswithoutusing3)_______________.Activationmethod:Heatedwithasmall4)_______________attheinfectionsite.Futureapplications:Mayalsohelptreatinfectionsinthe5)_______________,bladder,andotherareas.2.Listenagainandfinishtheoutline.

humanhair

noseantibioticslightstomachListeningandspeaking

ConversationHost:Goodday,listeners!Todaywehaveaveryinterestingtopic-tinyrobotsthatcancleaninfectedsinuses.We’rejoinedbyDr.Lee,whoispartofaresearchteamworkingonthistechnology.Welcome,Dr.Lee!Dr.Lee:Thankyou.I’mhappytoexplainthisnewidea.Script

Interview:TinyRobotsThatCanCleanYourSinusesListeningandspeaking

ConversationHost:Canyoutelluswhatthesetinyrobotsare?Dr.Lee:Sure.Theserobotsareextremelysmal-evensmallerthanahumanhair.Theyaremovedusingmagnetsandcanbeguidedintothesinusesthroughthenose.Host:Howdotheyhelpwithinfections?

Script

Listeningandspeaking

ConversationDr.Lee:Whentheyreachtheinfectedarea,weuseasmalllighttoheatthem.Thisheathelpsbreakdownthebacteriaandcleartheinfectionwithoutusingantibiotics.Host:Thatsoundslikesomethingfromasciencefictionmovie!Isthistechnologysafe?Script

Listeningandspeaking

ConversationDr.Lee:Sofar,testsonanimalshaveshowngoodresults.Therobotsdidnotcausedamagetotissues.Butwestillneedmoreresearchbeforeusingtheminhumans.Host:Whendoyouthinkpeoplecanusethistreatment?Script

Listeningandspeaking

ConversationDr.Lee:Probablyin5to10years.Weneedtogetapprovalfirst.Inthefuture,theserobotsmayalsohelptreatinfectionsinthestomach,bladder,andotherareas.Script

Listeningandspeaking

ConversationHost:Whataresomechallengesyouarefacing?Dr.Lee:Somepeoplemightfeeluncomfortablewithrobotsinsidetheirbody.Wealsoneedtomakesurealltherobotsareremovedaftertreatment.Butwebelievethismethodcanbeveryhelpful.Script

Listeningandspeaking

ConversationHost:Thankyou,Dr.Lee,forsharingthisexcitinginnovationwithus.Dr.Lee:You’reverywelcome.Thankyouforhavingme.Script

Listeningandspeaking

ConversationDr.Leementionedsomepeoplemayfeeluneasyabouthavingrobotsinsidetheirbodies.Imagineapatientwithalong-termsinusinfectionwhoisofferedthisnewrobottreatment.Whatfactorsmighthelpthepatientovercometheirfearandtryit?Discusswithyourpartnerandrankthefollowingfactorsfromthemostimportant(1)totheleastimportant(4).Bereadytoexplainyourchoices.3.Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestion.Listeningandspeaking

Conversation

A.Doctor’srecommendation:Thepatienttruststhedoctor,whostronglybelievesthisisthebestoption.

B.Scientificevidence:Thepatientseesdataandvideosshowingthetreatment’ssuccessinanimaltests.

C.Clearexplanation:Thedoctorclearlyexplainshowtherobotsarecontrolledandremoved,reducingthefearoftheunknown.

D.Severityofcondition:Thepatientissufferinggreatlyandhastriedeverythingelse,makingthemwillingtotryanythingnew.3.Workinpairsanddiscuss.Speakingskill

ExpressingandrespondingtoopinionsExpressingandrespondingtoopinionseffectivelyiscrucialforacademicdiscussionsandprofessionalcollaboration.Itallowsyoutoshareyourideasclearly,considerdifferentperspectives,andbuildoneachother’sthoughts.1.Expressingopinions:Wecanuseavarietyofphrasestointroduceouropinions.Thismakesourspeechmorenaturalandpolite.Speakingskill

ExpressingandrespondingtoopinionsIthink.../Inmyopinion.../Frommypointofview.../Thatsoundslike...Basedonwhatweheard,itseemsthat...Onecouldarguethat.../Itcouldbesaidthat...Examplefromthematerials:Thehostintheconversationsays,“Thatsoundslikesomethingfromasciencefictionmovie!”toexpresssurpriseandaninitialopinion.Speakingskill

Expressingandrespondingtoopinions2.Respondingtoopinions:Wecanusedifferentexpressionstoletothersknowwhetherweagreeordisagreewithacertainopinionortoaskforclarificationorreasons.Agreeing:Strongagreement:Itotallyagree./That’sanexcellentpoint.Partialagreement:Iseeyourpoint,but.../That’strue,however...Speakingskill

ExpressingandrespondingtoopinionsDisagreeingpolitely:Iseewhatyou’resaying,butIhaveadifferentperspectivebecause...That’savalidpoint,buthaveweconsidered...?Askingforclarificationorreasons:Whydoyouthinkthat?/Couldyouexplainwhatyoumeanby...?Whatmakesyousaythat?Speakingskill

ExpressingandrespondingtoopinionsForexample,afterthehostexpressessurpriseatthetechnology,Dr.Leeresponds:“…haveshowngoodresults…Butwestillneed…”Thisdemonstrateshowtopresentabalancedviewbyacknowledgingsuccesswhileaddingnecessarycaution.Speakingskill

Aresearchlabisdevelopinganewsurgicalrobot.Shouldtheteamprioritizeextremeprecisionforcomplexprocedures,evenifitrequiresmoresurgeonoversight,orfocusonrobustsafetyandself-correctionmechanismsthatmakeiteasierandsaferforawiderrangeofsurgeonstouse?Defendyourposition.Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestion.Listeningandspeaking

Passage11.gallbladder/ˈɡɔːlblædə(r)/n.胆囊2.oversee/ˌəʊvəˈsiː/v.监管，监督Listeningandspeaking

Passage1()1.Therobotwastrainedbywatchingvideosofhumansurgeonsoperatingonpigs.()2.Therobotsuccessfullycompletedallofitspracticesurgeriesonpiggallbladders.()3.Therobotmovedlesssmoothlythanahumansurgeonwouldduringtheoperations.()4.UKexpertsbelievethistechnologycouldhelpmakehigh-quality surgerymorewidelyavailable.()5.Themainchallengementionedforfutureuseonhumansisthehigh costoftherobots.1.

Listentoapassageanddecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrue(T)orfalse(F).TFTFFListeningandspeaking

Passage11.Fullyautomatedrobotsurgerymightbetestedonhumanswithinthenext__________.2.Therobotwasabletocorrectitsownmistakesandadapttochangesinthe__________.3.Onaverage,eachsurgeryperformedbytherobottookjustover__________minutes.2.

Listenagainandfillintheblanks.10/tenyears

fiveorgansListeningandspeaking

Passage14.Inthefuture,onesurgeonmightbeabletooverseeseveral__________operationsatthesametime.5.Moretestingisrequiredbeforetherobotscanbeusedin__________.2.

Listenagainandfillintheblanks.robot-ledrealhospitalsListeningandspeaking

Passage1Researcherssaythatfullyautomatedrobotsurgerycouldbetestedonhumanswithinthenexttenyears.ThiscomesafteranAI-trainedrobotsuccessfullyremovedthegallbladdersofpigswithoutanyhumanhelp.

Script

Listeningandspeaking

Passage1Therobotwastrainedusingvideosofhumandoctorsperformingsurgeryonpigorgans.Inarecentstudy,therobotcompletedeightsuchoperationswitha100%successrate.TheteamfromJohnsHopkinsUniversityintheUSledthisproject.Script

Listeningandspeaking

Passage1Unlikehumansurgeons,therobotmovedmoresmoothlyandtookshorterpathsduringtheoperations.Itwasalsoabletocorrectitsownmistakesandadapttosmallchangesintheorgans.Thewholeprocesstookjustoverfiveminutespersurgery.Script

Listeningandspeaking

Passage1ExpertsintheUKhavecalledthisdevelopment“exciting”and“impressive”.Theybelieveitcouldhelpmakehigh-qualitysurgerymoreavailableeverywhere.Inthefuture,onehumansurgeonmightbeabletooverseeseveralrobot-ledoperationsatthesametime.Script

Listeningandspeaking

Passage1However,therearestillchallenges.Surgeryonlivinghumansismorecomplex-patientsbreathe,bleed,andmove.Robotsmustlearntohandlethesesurprisessafely.Moretestingisneededbeforetheycanbeusedinrealhospitals.Script

Listeningandspeaking

Passage1Whilefullyautomaticrobotsurgeryisstillyearsaway,itisbecomingarealisticgoal.Withfurtherresearch,robotscouldsoonhelpdoctorsperformcommonoperationsmorequicklyandaccurately.Script

Listeningandspeaking

Passage1Imagineafuturewithlimitedfundsfornewrobotsurgeons.Shouldthegovernmentputtheminbigcityhospitalstoperformdifficultsurgeriesperfectly,orsendthemtoruralhospitalstohelpmorepeoplegetbasicsurgeriesfaster?Why?3.

Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.Listeningandspeaking

Passage21.deliver/dɪˈlɪvə(r)/n.投递，运送2.repetitive/rɪˈpetətɪv/a.重复的3.navigate/ˈnævɪɡeɪt/v.导航，引路Listeningandspeaking

Passage21.Listentoapassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.1.A.Robotsaremorefriendlythanhumans.B.Thereisaseriousshortageofhealthcareworkers.C.Robotscanperformcomplexsurgeries.D.ItisanewtrendaftertheCovid-19pandemic.√Listeningandspeaking

Passage22.A.Delivermedicine.B.Disinfectrooms.C.Pickupsupplies.D.Carrylabsamples.1.Listentoapassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.√Listeningandspeaking

Passage23.A.Upto40%.B.Over50%.C.About25%.D.Nearly100%.1.Listentoapassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.√Listeningandspeaking

Passage24.A.Theyaretooexpensive.B.Hallwaysarenarrowandbusy.C.Nursesdon’tlikethem.D.Theycannotuseelevators.1.Listentoapassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.√Listeningandspeaking

Passage21.Whatisthemainreasongivenforhospitalsstartingtouserobots?2.WhichofthefollowingtasksisNOTmentionedassomethingtherobot“Moxi”cando?3.Accordingtothepassage,howmuchworkingtimecanrobotssavefornurses?4.Whatisaspecificchallengeforrobotsworkinginhospitalsmentionedinthepassage?QuestionsListeningandspeaking

Passage22.Listenagainandfinishthesummary.HospitalsintheU.S.areusingrobotstohelpwithdailytasks.ArobotnamedMoxihasfriendly1)________________andassistsnurseswithphysicalwork.Thissavesnursestime,allowingthemtofocusmoreon2)________________.ThissupportiscrucialasstudiesshowtheU.S.couldfaceashortageof3)________________health-careworkersby2028.Withimprovementsinartificialintelligence,theserobotscannow4)________________.Forexample,theycanmovethroughbusyenvironmentsandavoid5)________________.heart-shapedeyespatientsnavigateontheirownobstacles100,000Listeningandspeaking

Passage2Hueber,anintegrativefunctionaldietitian,offerspracticaladviceonfoodsthatpromoteguthealth.Shehighlightsthebenefitsofeatingdeepred-coloredfoods,whichcanpositivelyimpactthebodyinawaysimilartoOzempic.“ThesefoodsactivatetheGLP-1pathway,whichispartofthebuzzaroundOzempic.Thegoodnewsis,wecanachievesimilareffectsnaturallythroughdiet,”Hueberexplained.Script

Listeningandspeaking

Passage2HospitalsacrosstheUnitedStatesareincreasinglyusingrobotstohelpwithdailytasks.Thischangeishappeningbecausethereisaseriousshortageofhealthcareworkers.OnecommonrobotiscalledMoxi.Itmovesonwheels,hasonearm,andfriendlyheart-shapedeyes.Moxihelpsnursesbydeliveringmedicine,pickingupsupplies,andcarryinglabsamples.Thisallowsnursestofocusmoreonpatientsinsteadofrunningaroundthehospital.Script

Listeningandspeaking

Passage2ThelackofworkersbecameevenworseaftertheCovid-19pandemic.Manynursesandmedicalstafffeltoverworkedanddecidedtoleavetheirjobs.StudiesshowthattheUScouldfaceashortageof100,000healthcareworkersby2028.Robotsarenowbeingusedforjobslikecleaningfloors,disinfectingrooms,takingouttrash,anddeliveringmeals.Nursesarehappytohavethishelp.Infact,robotscansavenursesupto40%oftheirworkingtime.Script

Listeningandspeaking

Passage2It'snoteasyforrobotstoworkinhospitals.Hallwaysareoftennarrowandbusywithpeople,beds,andequipment.However,withimprovementsinartificialintelligence,robotscannownavigateontheirown-theycanuseelevators,opendoors,andavoidobstacles.Script

Listeningandspeaking

Passage2Manybelievethatinthenextfiveyears,robotswillbecomeacommonsightinhospitals,helpingwithsimpleandrepetitivetasks.Itisimportanttounderstandthattheserobotsarenotreplacinghumans.Theyareheretoassisthealthcareworkers,sothatdoctorsandnursescanprovidebettercaretotheirpatients.Script

Listeningandspeaking

Passage23.Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.Thepassagestatesthatrobotssavenursestime,allowingthemtofocusmoreonprovidingcare.However,somepeopleworrythatifrobotshandlemostnon-medicaltasks(likedeliveringitems),thehospitalenvironmentmightfeellesspersonal.Doyouthinktheincreasinguseofrobotsfor“busywork”couldunintentionallyreducetheimportanthumanconnectionbetweenpatientsandhealth-careworkers?Orwillitstrengthenthecaringrelationshipbyfreeingupnursestoprovidemoremeaningfulinteraction?ListeningskillDistinguishingfactsfromevaluationsandpredictionsInscientificreporting,speakersoftenpresentamixofestablishedfacts,theirownorexperts’evaluations(judgmentsoropinions),andpredictionsaboutthefuture.Learningtodistinguishthesehelpsyoucriticallyunderstandtheinformation:Whathashappened,whatpeoplethinkaboutit,andwhatmighthappennext.ListeningskillDistinguishingfactfromevaluationandpredictionAfactisastatementthatcanbeproventrueorfalsebasedonevidence.Itoftenreportsonpastorcompletedevents,studies,orobservabledata.Anevaluationisajudgmentoropinionaboutthefacts.Itexpressesafeeling,value,orassessment.Apredictionisastatementaboutwhatsomeonebelieveswillhappeninthefuture.Itisnotyetafact.ListeningskillDistinguishingfactfromevaluationandpredictionExamplesfromPassage1:•Fact(acompletedeventwithdata):Inarecentstudy,therobotcompletedeightsuchoperationswitha100%successrate.•Evaluation(anexpert’sjudgment):ExpertsintheU.K.havecalledthisdevelopment“exciting”and“impressive.”•Prediction(afuturepossibility):Researcherssaythatfullyautomatedrobotsurgerycouldbetestedonhumanswithinthenext10years.ListeningskillDistinguishingfactfromevaluationandpredictionHerearesometipsforpracticingthisskill.•Listenforspecificdataorreportsthatsignalafact(e.g.,50%,in2025,studiesshow,researchersfound).•Listenforkeywordsthatsignalevaluation(e.g.,exciting,impressive,good,bad,Ithink,expertsbelieve).•Listenforwordsthatsignalpredictionorpossibility(e.g.,could,will,might,may,islikelyto,inthefuture).MedicaltermsCompletethese