Unit+4+Exploring+literature+单元词汇讲解及练习-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版(2020)必修第二册

B2U4Vocabulary&Exercise1.devote/dɪˈvəʊt/致力于；献身于；奉献Hedevotedhislifetoscientificresearch.Shedevotedherselftohelpingthepoor.常见搭配：devoteoneselftodoingsth.（献身于）devotetime/energyto（投入时间/精力）派生词：devoted(adj.忠诚的)devotion(n.奉献；热爱)2.instoreforsb./ɪnstɔːfə/即将降临；等待着某人Nobodyknewwhatwasinstoreforthem.Abigsurprisewasinstoreforher.常见搭配：havesth.instoreforsb.为某人准备某事3.appeal/əˈpiːl/v./n.吸引；呼吁；上诉；恳求Theideaoftravellingabroadreallyappealstome.Theymadeanurgentappealfordonations.常见搭配：appealtosb.（吸引某人；向某人呼吁）makeanappeal（发出呼吁）派生词：appealing(adj.吸引人的)4.determine/dɪˈtɜːmɪn/决定；查明；下决心；确定Theresultswilldeterminewhetherhepasses.Shedeterminedtostartacompletelynewlife.常见搭配：bedeterminedtodosth.决心去做某事派生词：determined(adj.坚定的)determination(n.决心)5.significant/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/重要的；显著的；有意义的Thisisasignificantmomentinhistory.Therewasasignificantimprovementinherhealth.常见搭配：significantchange/difference/role（重大变化/差异/作用）派生词：significance(n.重要性；意义)significantly(adv.显著地)6.description/dɪˈskrɪpʃən/描述；描写；形容；说明Hegaveadetaileddescriptionofthesuspect.Thebeautifulscenerywasbeyonddescription.常见搭配：giveadescription（做出描述）beyonddescription（难以形容）派生词：describe(v.描述)7.sensitive/ˈsensɪtɪv/敏感的；体贴的；灵敏的；易受影响的Sheisverysensitivetocriticism.Thisisasensitivetopicthatmustbehandledcarefully.常见搭配：sensitiveto（对…敏感）sensitiveissue/topic（敏感议题）派生词：sensitively(adv.敏感地)insensitive(adj.不敏感的)8.soul/səʊl/灵魂；精神；心灵；人Sheputherheartandsoulintotheproject.He'sthekindestsoul(that)I'veevermet.常见搭配：heartandsoul（全心全意）adv.9.reflect/rɪˈflekt/反射；反映；深思；体现Thelakeperfectlyreflectedthesurroundingmountains.Hisactionsreflecthistruecharacter.常见搭配：reflecton/upon（深思；反省）派生词：reflection(n.倒影；反思)10.capable/ˈkeɪpəbl/有能力的；能干的；有可能的Sheiscapableofachievinggreatthings.Weneedacapableandexperiencedmanager.常见搭配：capableof（有能力做…）派生词：capability(n.能力；才能)incapable(adj.无能力的)11.awaken/əˈweɪkən/唤醒；激起；意识到；觉醒Theloudnoiseawakenedhimfromadeepsleep.Thetripawakenedherinterestinart.常见搭配：awakeninterest/curiosity（激起兴趣/好奇心）awakensb.from（从…中唤醒某人）派生词：awake(adj.醒着的)12.launch/lɔːntʃ/v.发起；推出；发射；创办/n.发布；发射；下水Thecompanylaunchedanewproductlastweek.Therocketwaslaunchedsuccessfullyintoorbit(轨道).常见搭配：launchacampaign/product/attack（发起运动/推出产品/发动攻击）13.permanence/ˈpɜːmənəns/永久性；持久性；长久Theylongedforasenseofpermanenceandstability.Thepermanenceofthedecisionworriedhergreatly.常见搭配：asenseofpermanence（永久感）lackofpermanence（缺乏持久性）派生词：permanent(adj.永久的)/permanently(adv.永久地)反义词：temporaryadj.临时的、暂时的14.contain/kənˈteɪn/包含；容纳；控制；抑制Thisboxcontainsseveralfragileitems.Shestruggledtocontainherexcitementandjoy.常见搭配：containoneself（克制自己）containadisease（控制疾病）派生词：container(n.容器；集装箱)15.element/ˈelɪmənt/元素；要素；成分；基本原理Trustisakeyelementofanysuccessfulrelationship.Watercontainstheelementshydrogenandoxygen.常见搭配：key/essentialelement（关键要素）chemicalelement（化学元素）Exercise1.He__________(把……奉献给)allhissparetimetohelpingtheelderlyinhiscommunity.2.Nobodyknewwhatchallengeswere__________(等待着)themwhentheyfirstenteredhighschool.3.Thecolorfulpicturesinthestorybook__________(吸引)childrenofallages.4.Afterfailingtheexamtwice,she__________(下定决心)tostudyharderandnevergiveup.5.Winningtheschoolspeechcontestwasa__________(重要的)momentinhislife.devotesinstoreforappealstodeterminedsignificant6.Thewritergavesuchavivid__________(描述)ofthevillagethatreadersfelttheywereactuallythere.7.Becarefulwithwhatyousay—sheisvery__________(敏感的)aboutherEnglishpronunciation.8.Musiccantouchpeople's__________(心灵)andmakethemfeellesslonely.9.Thestilllake__________(映出)themountainsandtheblueskyperfectly.10.Ibelieveeverystudentis__________(有能力的)ofmakingprogressaslongastheykeeptrying.descriptionsensitivesoulsreflectscapable11.Thesmelloffreshbreadfromthekitchen__________(唤起)happymemoriesofhischildhood.12.Theschoolwill__________(发起)areadingcampaignnextMondaytoencouragestudentstoreadmorebooks.13.Childrenoftenfeelasenseof_____________(永久性)whentheycarvetheirnamesintoatree.14.Thebox__________(装有)morethantwohundredoldletterswrittenbyhergrandmother.15.Hardworkandconfidencearekey__________(要素)ofsuccessinanyfield.awakenedlaunchpermanencecontainedelementsShedevotestwohourstoreadingeveryday.1.她每天花两个小时读书。Thescientistwhodevotedhiswholelifetoresearchfinallymadeagreatdiscovery.2.那位把一生都奉献给研究的科学家终于取得了重大发现。(定从)Nooneknowswhatisinstorefortheminthefuture.3.没有人知道未来等待自己的是什么。Sheworkedhardeveryday,andshebelievedgreatsuccesswasinstoreforher.4.她每天努力工作，她相信巨大的成功正在等待着她。Thismovieappealstoyoungpeoplebecauseofitsexcitingstory.5.这部电影因其精彩的故事而吸引年轻人。Hefailedthefirsttime,buthewasdeterminedtotryagain.6.他第一次失败了，但他下定决心再试一次。Gettingenoughsleepeverynightissignificantforyourhealth.7.每晚获得充足的睡眠对健康非常重要。Sheisasensitiveperson,andshecanalwaysfeelwhensomethingiswrong.8.她是一个敏感的人，她总能感觉到什么时候出了问题。Hemadeabigmistake,buthetooktimetoreflectonitandlearnedfromit.9.他犯了一个大错，但他花时间反思了这件事，并从中吸取了教训。Ibelieveyouarecapableoffinishingthistaskonyourown.10.我相信你有能力独立完成这项任务。Theschoolwilllaunchanewreadingprogramnextmonth.11.学校下个月将启动一项新的阅读计划。Thisbottlecontainsenoughwaterforatwo-hourhike.12.这个瓶子里的水足够进行两小时的徒步旅行。16.universal/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəl/普遍的；全体的；通用的；宇宙的Musicisoftendescribedasauniversallanguage.Thisrulehasuniversalapplicationacrossallfields.常见搭配：universaltruth/language（普遍真理/语言）universalagreement（普遍共识）派生词：universe(n.宇宙；世界)/universally(adv.普遍地)17.summary/ˈsʌməri/n.摘要；总结；概要/adj.简略的；即时的Pleasewriteasummaryofthemainpoints.Hereisabriefsummaryofwhatwasdiscussed.常见搭配：insummary（总而言之）派生词：summarize(v.总结；概括)18.feature/ˈfiːtʃə/n.特征；特色；特写/v.以…为特色；由…主演Thephonehasmanyimpressivenewfeatures.Thefilmfeaturesseveralinternationallyfamousactors.常见搭配：featurefilm（故事片）19.author/ˈɔːθə/n.作者；作家/v.撰写；创作Sheistheauthorofthreebestsellingnovels.Heauthoredanimportantreportonclimatechange.常见搭配：bestsellingauthor（畅销书作者）派生词：authority(n.权威；当局)20.therefore/ˈðeəfɔː/因此；所以；于是（表示逻辑推断）Hewasseriouslyillandthereforeunabletoattendthemeeting.Theroadwasicy;therefore,wedroveveryslowly.近义词：thus因此21.issue/ˈɪʃuː/n.问题；期刊；发行/v.发布；颁发；发行Climatechangeisamajorglobalissuetoday.Thegovernmentissuedanewsetofguidelines.常见搭配：key/majorissue（关键问题）raiseanissue（提出问题）issueastatement（发表声明）22.novel/ˈnɒvəl/n.小说/adj.新颖的；新奇的；独特的Shespenttwoyearswritingherdebutnovel.Thisisatrulynovelapproachtosolvingtheproblem.常见搭配：write/readanovel写/读小说anovelidea/approach（新颖的想法/方法）派生词：novelist(n.小说家)23.upper/ˈʌpə/上面的；较高的；上层的；上游的Theyliveontheupperfloorofthebuilding.Theupperclasseshavetraditionallyheldmorepoliticalpower.常见搭配：upperclass（上流社会）gaintheupperhand（占优势）24.gap/ɡæp/差距；缺口；间隙；空白；差异Thereisagrowinggapbetweentherichandthepoor.Shetookagapyearbeforegoingtouniversity.常见搭配：gapyear（间隔年）bridge/narrowthegap（弥合/缩小差距）generationgap（代沟）25.context/ˈkɒntekst/背景；语境；上下文；环境Youneedtounderstandthebroaderhistoricalcontext.Thewordhasverydifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.常见搭配：historical/culturalcontext（历史/文化背景）26.specific/spəˈsɪfɪk/具体的；特定的；明确的；特有的Canyougivemeamorespecificexample?Themedicinetargetsaspecifictypeofbacteria.常见搭配：bespecificabout（具体说明）specificdetails/needs/goals（具体细节/需求/目标）27.particular/pəˈtɪkjʊlə/特别的；挑剔的；特定的；详细的Shehasaparticularinterestinmodernart.Inparticular,I'dliketothankallthevolunteers.常见搭配：inparticular（尤其；特别）beparticularabout（对…很挑剔）派生词：particularly(adv.尤其；特别地)28.topic/ˈtɒpɪk/话题；主题；题目；议题Thetopicofthediscussionwasclimatechange.Pleasetrytostayontopicduringthemeeting.常见搭配：topicsentence（主题句）/hottopic（热门话题）29.collection/kəˈlekʃən/收藏品；合集；征收；一批Shehasanimpressivecollectionofrarebooks.Thecollectionoftaxesisthegovernment’smainresponsibility.常见搭配：acollectionof（一批…）派生词：collect(v.收集；收藏)collector(n.收藏家；收集者)30.section/ˈsekʃən/部分；章节；区域；截面；科室Pleasereadthefirstsectionofthechapter.Thestorehasalargesportssection.Exercise1.TheInternethasbecomea__________(普遍的)toolinmodernlife—almosteveryoneusesiteveryday.2.Attheendofthereport,shewroteashort__________(总结)tohelpreadersunderstandthemainpointsquickly.3.Onespecial__________(特点)ofthisphoneisthatitsbatterycanlastforthreedayswithoutcharging.4.The__________(作者)ofthisnovelspenttenyearstravelingaroundtheworldbeforewritingthebook.5.Itwasrainingheavily;__________(因此)thefootballmatchwasmovedtothenextday.universalsummaryfeatureauthortherefore6.Plasticpollutionhasbecomeaserious__________(问题)thatpeopleallovertheworldaretryingtosolve.7.Myfatherboughtmea__________(小说)aboutayoungboywhotravelsacrossChinaonhisown.8.Studentsinthe__________(高年级的)gradesareexpectedtotakeonmoreresponsibilityintheschool.9.Thereisstillalarge__________(差距)betweenthelivingconditionsincitiesandthoseinsomeruralareas.10.Tounderstandwhatawordmeans,itoftenhelpstolookatthe__________(上下文)aroundit.issuenovelseniorgapcontext11.Thedoctoraskedthepatienttodescribethe__________(具体的)timeandplacewherethepainbegan.12.Shehasa__________(特别的)interestinanimals,soshespendseveryweekendvolunteeringatashelter.13.Theteacheraskedustochoosea__________(话题)thatwecareaboutandgiveathree-minutespeechonit.14.Theschoollibraryhasalarge__________(收藏)ofbooksonscience,history,andliterature.15.Pleasereadthefirst__________(部分)ofChapterThreebeforetomorrow'sclass.specificparticulartopiccollectionsection31.mean/miːn/v.意味着；打算；表示/adj.吝啬的；卑鄙的/n.平均值；中间Whatexactlydoesthiswordmeaninthiscontext?Hedidn'tmeantohurtherfeelingsatall.常见搭配：meantodo（打算做）bynomeans（决不）meansoftransport（交通方式）派生词：meaning(n.含义；意义)meaningful(adj.有意义的)meaningless(adj.无意义的)means(n.方式；手段)32.transport/ˈtrænspɔːt/(n.)//trænsˈpɔːt/(v.)运输；交通工具；运送；使陶醉Publictransportinthiscityisexcellentandaffordable.Thegoodsweretransportedbyshipacrosstheocean.常见搭配：publictransport（公共交通）派生词：transportation(n.运输；交通运输系统)33.generosity/ˌdʒenəˈrɒsɪti/慷慨；大方；宽宏大量；丰富Hisgenerositywasgreatlyappreciatedbyeveryone.Sheshowedremarkablegenerositytowardcompletestrangers.常见搭配：withgenerosity（慷慨地）派生词：generous(adj.慷慨的；丰富的)/generously(adv.慷慨地)34.chapter/ˈtʃæptə/章节；（人生）时期；分会；章Pleasereadchapterthreecarefullybeforethenextclass.Thisdiscoveryopenedanewchapterinherlife.常见搭配：anewchapter（新篇章）35.stage/steɪdʒ/n.阶段；舞台；时期/v.举办；上演；组织Wearecurrentlyinthefinalstageoftheproject.Theactorhasperformedonstageforoverthirtyyears.常见搭配：atthisstage（在这个阶段）stagebystage（逐步地）36.extremely/ɪkˈstriːmli/极其；非常；极端地（强调程度之深）Shewasextremelynervousbeforetheimportantexam.Theweatherhasbeenextremelycoldthiswinter.常见搭配：extremelyimportant/difficult/helpful/useful极其重要/困难/有帮助/有用派生词：extreme(adj.极端的；n.极端)37.destroy/dɪˈstrɔɪ/摧毁；破坏；消灭；毁掉Thefiredestroyedtheentirebuildingovernight.Thescandalcompletelydestroyedhiscarefullybuiltreputation.常见搭配：destroyevidence/hopes/confidence销毁证据/摧毁希望/打击信心派生词：destruction(n.破坏；毁灭)38.defeat/dɪˈfiːt/v.击败；战胜；挫败/n.失败；落败；挫折Theydefeatedtheopposingteambythreegoals.Sherefusedtoacceptdefeatandkepttrying.常见搭配：defeatanenemy击败敌人suffer/faceadefeat遭受失败admitdefeat承认失败39.attempt/əˈtempt/v.试图；尝试；企图/n.尝试；企图；努力Heattemptedtoclimbthedangerousmountainalone.Thiswasherfirstattemptatwritingafullnovel.常见搭配：attempttodo（试图做）makeanattempt（做出尝试）atthefirstattempt（第一次尝试时）attemptedmurder（谋杀未遂）派生词：attempted(adj.未遂的；已尝试的)40.straighten/ˈstreɪtən/弄直；整理；改正；挺直Hestraightenedhistiecarefullybeforethebiginterview.Ittookseveralyearstostraightenoutthefinancialmess.常见搭配：straightenout（解决；理清）/straightenup（挺直身体；整理）/straightenone'sback（挺直腰背）派生词：straight(adj.直的；adv.直接地)straightforward(adj.直接的；简单的)41.alongside/əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd/prep./adv.在旁边；与…一起；并排；和…并肩Sheworkedalongsidesomeoftheworld'sbestscientists.Thesmallboatsailedalongsidethelargevessel.常见搭配：work/standalongside（与…一起工作/站立）alongsidesb./sth.（与某人/某物并排）42.noble/ˈnəʊbl/adj.高尚的；崇高的；贵族的/n.贵族Itwasatrulynoblegesturetogiveuphisseat.Shecomesfromanancientandnoblefamily.常见搭配：noblecause/gesture/character（崇高的事业/姿态/品格）派生词：nobleman(n.贵族男性)/nobly(adv.高尚地；慷慨地)43.confused/kənˈfjuːzd/困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的；不清楚的Helookedcompletelyconfusedwhensheaskedthequestion.Thecomplicatedinstructionslefteveryonetotallyconfused.常见搭配：beconfusedabout/by（对…感到困惑）getconfused（变得困惑）/confusedlook（困惑的表情）派生词：confuse(v.使困惑；混淆)confusion(n.困惑；混乱)confusing(adj.令人困惑的)44.clearup/klɪərʌp/澄清；解决；（天气）放晴；收拾整理；（病症）消失Canyouhelpclearupthismisunderstandingbetweenus?Thecloudyweathershouldclearupbythisafternoon.常见搭配：clearupamisunderstanding/mystery澄清误解/解开谜团clearupthemess/room收拾混乱/房间45.flash/flæʃ/v.闪光；闪现；飞速掠过/n.闪光；瞬间；快讯/adj.突然的；华而不实的Abrilliantideasuddenlyflashedthroughhismind.Inaflash,thecardisappearedaroundthecorner.常见搭配：inaflash（转瞬间）派生词：flashback(n.闪回；回忆)flashlight(n.手电筒)Exercise1.Thestormlastnight__________(摧毁了)severaloldtreesintheparkandblockedthemainroad.2.Shefelt__________(极其)tiredafterrunningforanhourinthehotsun,butsherefusedtostop.3.Thekindwoman's__________(慷慨)touchedeveryoneinthevillage—shegaveawayfoodandclotheseverywinter.4.Inthethird__________(章节)ofthebook,theyoungherofinallydiscoversthetruthabouthisfamily.5.Asmiledoesn'talways__________(意味着)happiness—sometimespeoplesmiletohidetheirsadness.destroyedextremelygenerositychaptermean6.Aftertheargument,ittookthemawholedayto__________(解开误会)andbecomefriendsagain.7.Theyoungathletemadeseveral__________(尝试)beforehefinallyjumpedoverthebarsuccessfully.8.Ourschoolbasketballteam__________(打败了)thecitychampionsforthefirsttimeintwentyyears.9.A__________(高尚的)personthinksofothersbeforethinkingofhimself.10.Thenewrailwaylinewill__________(运输)bothpassengersandgoodsbetweenthetwocities.clearupattemptsdefeatednobletransport11.A__________(闪光)oflightninglitupthedarksky,andthenthunderfollowedimmediately.12.Shesatupand____________(挺直了)herbackwhentheteacherwalkedintotheclassroom.13.Hewas__________(困惑的)bythemathproblemanddidn'tknowwheretobegin.14.Learningtospeakinpublicisanimportant__________(阶段)inbuildingyourconfidence.15.Ayoungvolunteerwalked__________(并肩)theoldmanandhelpedhimcrossthebusystreet.flashstraightenedconfusedstagealongsideMultiplechoice1.She______mostofherweekendstovolunteeringatthelocalanimalshelter.A.destroys

B.devotes

C.defeats

D.determines2.Nobodyknewwhatwas______thenewstudentswhentheyarrivedattheschoolonMondaymorning.A.instorefor

B.clearupfor

C.alongsidefor

D.inflashfor3.Thebeautifulphotosofthenationalparkreally______totheyoungtravelerswhosawthemonline.A.reflected

B.contained

C.appealed

D.awakened4.Beforestartingtheexperiment,thestudentsneededto______whichmaterialstheywoulduse.A.contain

B.feature

C.destroy

D.determine5.Doingregularexerciseandgettingenoughsleepareboth______forstayinghealthyduringhighschool.A.sensitive

B.significant

C.confused

D.noble6.Thepolicemanaskedthewomantogiveadetailed______ofthebagshehadlostonthebus.A.summary

B.collection

C.description

D.section7.Myyoungerbrotherisvery______tocoldweatherandalwaysgetssickwhenthetemperaturedrops.A.capable

B.universal

C.specific

D.sensitive8.Greatmusichasthepowertotouchpeople's______andbringthe