人教版小学五年级语文上册期末考试卷及答案

人教版小学五年级语文上册期末考试卷及答案一、基础知识积累与运用（共45分）1.读拼音，写词语。要求书写工整、美观。（10分）jūnlièbēnfùlǎnduòdīngzhǔgāobǐng()()()()()fánzhíxiánqìchǐxiàohuīhuángtànxī()()()()()2.下列加点字的注音完全正确的一项是（）。（3分）A.便（pián）宜削（xuē）弱强（qiáng）迫任（rèn）劳任怨B.冠（guān）军分外（fèn）待（dāi）会儿众星拱（gǒng）月C.间（jiàn）隔纠（jiū）结削（xiāo）皮哼（hēng）唱D.投奔（bèn）便（biàn）利丞（chéng）相负荆请（qǐng）罪3.下列词语书写完全正确的一项是（）。（3分）A.完壁归赵理直气壮无价之宝完好无损B.绝口不提攻无不克理所当燃难以置信C.同心协力负荆请罪怒发冲冠商议D.勉强叮瞩犹豫无论如何4.依次填入下列句中横线处的词语，最恰当的一项是（）。（3分）(1)父亲总是教导我，不能________别人的恩惠，要懂得感恩。(2)面对困难，我们不能________，而要想办法克服。(3)这里的风景太美了，让人流连忘返，________。A.接受灰心心旷神怡B.接纳丧气赏心悦目C.接受气馁心旷神怡D.接纳灰心赏心悦目5.下列句子中，加点成语使用不恰当的一项是（）。（3分）A.这两个素不相识的人竟然在异国他乡不期而遇，真是奇迹。B.面对敌人的严刑拷打，江姐宁死不屈，大义凛然。C.他虽然年纪很大，但做事仍是一丝不苟，从不马虎。D.这次比赛，他本来信心满满，结果却名落孙山，真是令人心旷神怡。6.下列句子中，没有语病的一项是（）。（3分）A.通过阅读《落花生》，使我明白了做人的道理。B.在老师的帮助下，我改正了错误。C.秋天的北京香山是一个美丽的季节。D.我们要改进学习方法，增加学习效率。7.下列句子中，标点符号使用不正确的一项是（）。（3分）A.它的果实埋在地里，不像桃子、石榴、苹果那样，把鲜红嫩绿的果实高高地挂在枝头上。B.“完了，”我绝望地叫道，“这下全完了！”C.父亲说：“你们爱吃花生吗？”D.我问妈妈：“为什么我们要去外婆家呢？妈妈说：“因为今天是外婆的生日。””8.按要求改写句子。（6分）(1)那个卖火柴的小女孩的幸福在哪儿呢？(改为陈述句)___________________________________________________________(2)圆明园的毁灭是祖国文化史上不可估量的损失。(改为反问句)___________________________________________________________(3)蔺相如对秦王说：“您现在离我只有五步远，您不答应，我就把您和我的命拼了。”(改为转述句)___________________________________________________________9.判断下列说法的正误，对的打“√”，错的打“×”。（5分）(1)《落花生》一课中，作者通过花生告诉我们“人要做有用的人，不要做只讲体面，而对别人没有好处的人”的道理。()(2)《将相和》这个故事发生在战国时期，主要讲了“完璧归赵”、“渑池之会”和“负荆请罪”三个小故事。()(3)说明文《太阳》主要介绍了太阳的特点和它与人类的密切关系，运用的说明方法有列数字、作比较、打比方等。()(4)“美哉，我少年中国，与天不老！壮哉，我中国少年，与国无疆！”这句话出自梁启超的《少年中国说》。()(5)《慈母情深》和《父爱之舟》这两篇课文都表达了作者对父母的深深感激和怀念之情。()10.日积月累与课文内容填空。（10分）(1)莫等闲，__________，__________。(岳飞《满江红》)(2)_________，非是藉秋风。(虞世南《蝉》)(3)勤奋是成功的基础。关于勤俭节约，古人有很多教诲，如葛洪说的：“__________，__________。”；又如《朱子家训》中的：“一粥一饭，__________；半丝半缕，__________。”(4)《父爱之舟》一文，作者通过对__________和__________等场景的细致描写，表现了父爱的深沉与伟大。(5)《白鹭》是郭沫若先生的一篇散文，文中运用了对比的手法，将白鹭与白鹤、朱鹭和苍鹭进行对比，突出了白鹭__________的特点。二、阅读理解（共25分）（一）课内阅读（10分）阅读《圆明园的毁灭》片段，回答问题。圆明园中，有金碧辉煌的殿堂，也有玲珑剔透的亭台楼阁；有象征着热闹街市的“买卖街”，也有象征着田园风光的山乡村野。园中许多景物都是仿照各地名胜建造的，如海宁的安澜园、苏州的狮子林、杭州西湖的平湖秋月；还有很多景物是根据古代文人的诗情画意建造的，如蓬岛瑶台、武陵春色。园中不仅有民族建筑，还有西洋景观。漫步园内，有如漫游在天南海北，饱览着中外风景名胜；流连其间，仿佛置身在幻想的境界里。圆明园不但建筑宏伟，还收藏着最珍贵的历史文物：上自先秦时代的青铜礼器，下至唐、宋、元、明、清历代的名人书画和各种奇珍异宝。所以，它又是当时世界上最大的博物馆、艺术馆。1860年10月6日，英法联军侵入北京，闯进圆明园。他们把园内凡是能拿走的东西，统统掠走；拿不动的，就用大车或牲口搬运；实在运不走的，就任意破坏、毁掉。为了销毁罪证，10月18日和19日，三千多名侵略者奉命在园内放火。大火连烧三天，烟云笼罩了整个北京城。我国这一园林艺术的瑰宝、建筑艺术的精华，就这样化为一片灰烬。11.第一自然段中，作者列举了“安澜园”、“狮子林”、“平湖秋月”等景点，其目的是什么？（2分）______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12.文中画横线的句子运用了什么修辞手法？有什么作用？（3分）______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________13.为什么说圆明园是“当时世界上最大的博物馆、艺术馆”？（2分）______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________14.从文中加点的词语“凡是”、“统统”、“任意”中，你体会到了什么？（3分）______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（二）课外阅读（15分）阅读下文，回答问题。①母亲是个好静的人，最怕嘈杂。然而，自从家里有了那台洗衣机后，母亲便不再安于那份清静了。②那是几年前，父亲从外地买回一台洗衣机。母亲看着那银白色的机器，又看看自己那双因常年操劳而变得粗糙的手，轻轻叹了口气。从此，每当邻居们来洗衣服时，母亲总是热情地迎上去，帮他们倒水、洗衣、晾晒。邻居们不好意思，母亲便笑着说：“这洗衣机闲着也是闲着，不如让它多干点活，也算没白买它。”③渐渐地，邻居们都习惯了，家里有什么脏衣服，总是往我家送。母亲呢，也总是乐呵呵地接过来，洗得干干净净，叠得整整齐齐，然后送回去。④有一天，邻居王嫂来取衣服，看见母亲正坐在小板凳上，用那双粗糙的手在给一件衣服缝扣子。王嫂惊讶地说：“大嫂，您这手……怎么还自己缝衣服啊？有洗衣机了，还用得着这么费劲吗？”母亲笑了笑，说：“洗衣机是洗衣服的，不是缝扣子的。再说，这扣子掉了，总得有人缝上吧。”⑤王嫂走后，母亲看着自己的手，发了一会儿呆。我知道，母亲是在想父亲。父亲在世时，家里的衣服都是父亲缝补的。父亲走后，这双粗糙的手便接过了父亲留下的针线活。⑥母亲的手确实很粗糙，手指关节粗大，手背上布满了皱纹。但就是这样一双粗糙的手，却把我们兄妹四个拉扯大。冬天，这双手为我们缝制棉衣；夏天，这双手为我们摇着蒲扇驱赶蚊虫；生病时，这双手为我们端水喂药；上学时，这双手为我们整理书包……⑦记得有一次，我放学回家，看见母亲正坐在灯下给我补袜子。灯光下，母亲的头发显得格外白，脸上的皱纹也显得格外深。我走过去，轻轻地说：“妈，别补了，买双新的吧。”母亲抬起头，看了我一眼，说：“这袜子还没破到底，补补还能穿。过日子嘛，得精打细算。”说完，又低下头，一针一线地补起来。⑧看着母亲那专注的神情，我的鼻子一酸，眼泪差点掉下来。母亲啊，您为了我们，操碎了心，熬白了头，这双粗糙的手，就是您爱的见证啊！⑨如今，我们都长大了，有了自己的家，也有了自己的孩子。每当我们回家看望母亲时，母亲总是用那双粗糙的手，为我们做最爱吃的饭菜。看着母亲在厨房里忙碌的身影，我们心里总是暖暖的。⑩母亲的手，是一双平凡的手，也是一双伟大的手。它虽然没有纤细修长的手指，没有白嫩细腻的皮肤，但它却充满了爱，充满了温暖，充满了力量。这双手，为我们撑起了一片晴朗的天，为我们遮风挡雨，让我们在爱的阳光下茁壮成长。15.请给短文加一个恰当的标题，写在文前的横线上。（2分）___________________________________________________________16.第②自然段中，母亲为什么“轻轻叹了口气”？后来为什么又“乐呵呵”地帮邻居洗衣服？（4分）______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________17.联系上下文，理解第⑤自然段中“母亲看着自己的手，发了一会儿呆”这句话的含义。（3分）______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________18.第⑥自然段和第⑦自然段在叙述方式上有什么不同？这样写有什么好处？（3分）______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________19.第⑩自然段在文中起到了什么作用？（3分）______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三、习作（共30分）20.题目：我的心爱之物在我们的生活中，总会有那么一两件东西，让我们爱不释手。它可能是一个玩具，一本书，一件礼物，或者是一个你自己制作的小物件……请以“我的心爱之物”为题，写一篇作文。要求：(1)内容具体，语句通顺，感情真挚。(2)能够写出物品的样子、来历以及你为什么喜爱它。(3)字数不少于450字。(4)文中不得出现真实的校名、人名。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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