人教版（2019）高一英语第二学期开学考测试卷（含答案解析）

第第页人教版（2019）高一英语第二学期开学考测试卷一、阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。AAsApril18markstheInternationalDayforMonumentsandSites,alsoknownasWorldHeritageDay,we’veselectedfourarchaeological(考古的)sitesinChinathatdeserveexploration.Zhoukoudian,BeijingZhoukoudian,aUNESCOheritagesitelocated50kmfromdowntownBeijing,hasbeenasignificantsite.Atvariouspartsofthesite,scientistshaveunearthedtheremainsofearlyhuman“PekingMan”thatdatebackmorethan500,000years,aswellasof“ShandingdongMan”,wholived30,000yearsago.SanxingduiRuinssite,SichuanprovinceAsoneofthegreatestarcheologicalfindsofthe20thcentury,theSanxingduiRuinsarebelievedtobetheremainsoftheShuKingdom,datingbackatleast4,800yearsandlastingover2,000years.TheruinsarelocatedinGuanghancityinSouthwestChina’sSichuanprovince,covering12squarekilometers.TheYinxuRuins,HenanprovinceTheYinxuRuins,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteinAnyangcity,Henanprovince,wasanancientcapitaloftheShangDynasty(16thcenturyBC-11thcenturyBC).Spreadingacrossover30squarekilometers,thesitefeaturesthegreatestnumberoforacleboneinscriptions(甲骨文)discoveredsofarintheworld.TheDamingPalace,ShaanxiprovinceFamousforitssuper-largescaleandmagnificentbuildings,DamingPalacewasthemainroyalpalaceintheTangDynasty(618-907)whereTangemperorslivedanddealtwithstateaffairs.Covering3.2squarekilometers,itfullydemonstratesthemajesticstyleofgrandarchitectureduringtheTangempire.1．Whichsitereflectstheearliesthuman?A．Zhoukoudian.B．TheYinxuRuins.C．TheDamingPalace.D．SanxingduiRuinssite.2．WhatistheYinxuRuinsknownfor?A．Thegrandarchitecture.B．Oracleboneinscriptions.C．RoyalpalaceintheTangDynasty.D．TheremainsoftheShuKingdom.3．Wherecanthetextprobablybefound?A．Inanovel. B．Inabiography.C．Inahistorybook. D．Inaguidebook.BMyhusbandDaveandIarebothverycreative,butwearenotverysports-minded.Sincewe’vehadquiteafewmedicalproblems,we’vebeenadvisedtogetmoreexercise.OnedayIhadanidea.Itseemedkindofsillyatfirst,butIactuallythoughtitmightworksoItoldDaveaboutit.Whatifwepaidourselvestowalk?Myplanwasthis:wewouldeachkeeptrackofourwalkingtimeontheschedule,addingitupas“walkingpoints.”Wheneverwereached120points,wewouldget$10tospendonorsaveupforwhateverwewanted.Inadditiontothemoney,Ifiguredtherewouldbealittlecompetition,whichmightaddtoourmotivation.Asourmoneyisoftensetasideforbillsandlivingcosts,orcatchinguponcreditcardspending,wedon’toftenhaveanythingextratobuythingsthatarenotnecessary.Davelikedtheidea,sowestartedputtingitintopractice,andtomysurprise,itshouldwork!Davesoonbegankeepinguphis20minutesaday.OneofthefirstthingsDaveboughtwasaguitar.AnothertimehegotBluetoothheadphones.AsIwritethis,hehassavedup$155forsomeunknownitemhehasn’tdecidedonyet.Theplanworkedformeaswell.Ibecamemorewillingtowalkduringmybreaktimeatwork.Thecompetitivesideoftheplanworkedaswell.Wefoundourselvestellingothersthatwehadtogooutforwalkssowecouldearnourwalkingpoints.“Daveiswayaheadofmethisweek,”Iwouldsay.WhenIfirstthoughtofthisidea,Ialsowonderedhowwecouldaffordit.ButasItoldDaveatthetime,ifwekeptwalking,wemightsaveonmedicalbills.Didn’titmakesensetostayhealthierandnotneedadoctor?Wehadspentthousandsofdollarsonmedicalbillsinthepast.Whynotspenditonourselvestostayhealthy?4．Whatmadetheauthorandherhusbanddecidetowalk?A．Aprizesystem. B．Afitnessprogram.C．Amedicalsuggestion. D．Astep-trackingschedule.5．Whatwasunexpectedfortheauthor?A．Shesavedalotofmoney. B．Herhusbandwassupportive.C．Herideawasreallyeffective. D．Shedidbetterthanherhusband.6．Whatwasthecompetitivesideoftheauthorandherhusband’splan?A．Tryingtobreakasmanyunhealthyhabitsaspossible.B．Competingwithotherpeopleinsportsevents.C．Settingspecificwalkinggoalsforeachother.D．Challengingeachothertowalkmore.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ItPaystoKeepWalking B．MoneyCannotBuyHealthC．ADollarSavedisaDollarEarned D．DailyWalkingKeepstheDoctorAwayCLanguageisnotjustatoolforcommunication;it’salsoaplaygroundforthemind.English,inparticular,isfamousforitsrichvocabularyandinfluencefrommanydifferentlanguages,whichprovidesagreatbasisforcreativityandhumor.Oneexampleofthisistheuseofpuns—thecleverorhumoroususeofawordthathasmorethanonemeaning,orofwordsthathavedifferentmeaningsbutsoundthesame.Punscanbesortedintodifferenttypes.Homophonicpunsrelyonwordpairsthatsoundalikebuthavedifferentmeanings,like“Abicyclecan’tstandonitsownbecauseit’stwo-tired.”Homographicpunsusewordsthatarespelledthesamebuthavedifferentmeaningsandsometimesdifferentpronunciations,forexample,“Ican’tbeartheweightofthatbear.”Compoundpunsoftencombinehomophonicandhomographicelements,creatingevenmorecomplexwordplay,forexample,“Iwasstrugglingtofigureouthowlightningworks,butthenitstruckme.”ThehistoryofpunsinEnglishliteratureandcultureisrichandinteresting.Followingtheirdevelopmentshowshowlanguage,culture,andhumorhavechangedovertime.PunshavebeenapartofEnglishliteraturefromtheearlydays,appearinginmedieval(中世纪的)textsandShakespeare’splays,oftenusedforhumorortoshowdoublemeanings.DuringtheVictorianEra.strictsocialnormspromotedtheuseofpuns,astheyallowedpeopletocommentonissuescleverlywhileavoidingdirectness.Today,punsarewidelyusedinadvertising,television,andsocialmedia,reflectinghowEnglishwordplayadaptstodifferentcontextsandmedia.People’sopinionsofpunshavechangedthroughouthistory.Onceseenasasignofcleverness,punsweresometimeslookeddownonaslow-levelhumor.However,inrecentyears,they’veregainedpopularity,largelybecauseoftheInternetandsocialmedia,whichallowforquicksharingandcreativityinpun-basedhumor.8．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A．Languageisdifficulttolearn.B．Languagedevelopsovertime.C．Languageservesdifferentsocialpurposes.D．Languagehasacreativeandplayfulnature.9．Whichofthefollowingcontainsahomographicpun?A．YoucancallabeefromAmericaaUSB．B．Sixisafraidofsevenbecausesevenatenine.C．Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.D．Ionlyknow25lettersofthealphabet;Idon’tknowY.10．WhatwasthemajorpurposeofusingpunsintheVictorianEra?A．Tobreaksocialrules. B．Toexpressideasindirectly.C．Tospreaddifferentopinions. D．Tomakecommunicationeasier.11．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofthepopularityofpuns.B．Thenewchangesoflanguageinrecentyears.C．Theinfluenceofsocialmediaonmodernhumor.D．Thelinkbetweenpunsandsocialcommunication.DAsglobalizationweavestheworldintoacloser-knitcommunity,cross-culturalexchangeshavebecomepartofdailylife—especiallyforinternationalstudentsandyoungprofessionals,manyofwhomencountercultureshock.Oftendescribedastheconfusing“culturaljetlag”thatcomeswithsteppingintoanunfamiliarworld,it’susuallyviewedwithanxietyorevenfear.Butwhenapproachedwiththerightmindset,thisseeminglytoughexperiencecanturnintoapreciouslearningjourney,nurturingpersonalgrowthanddeepeningourunderstandingofdifferentcultures.Theterm“cultureshock”wasfirstputforwardbyanthropologistKalervoOberginthe1960s,whomappedoutitsfourtypicalstages:theinitial“honeymoonphase”filledwithexcitementandcuriosity,thechallenging“frustrationphase”markedbyanxietyandloneliness,thegradual“adjustmentphase”offindingone’sfeet,andfinallythe“adaptationphase”offullacceptance.Manypeoplegettrappedinthefrustrationphase,seeingitasasignthattheycan’tfitin.Littledotheyknow,thisistheverystagewheretruegrowthtakesroot—itpushesusoutofourcozycomfortzonesandmakesusquestionthefixedculturalideaswe’vealwaystakenforgranted.Oneofthegreatestgiftsofcultureshockisthatitsharpensourself-awareness.Whensurroundedbydifferentcustoms—whetherinhowpeoplecommunicate,goabouttheirdailylives,orviewtheworld—we’reforcedtolookatourownculturalhabitsfromanewperspective.Thisreflectionopensourmindstonewpossibilities,askillthat’smoreimportantthaneverinourinterconnectedworld.What’smore,overcomingcultureshockexercisesourproblem-solvingmuscles.Adaptingtoanewculturemeansdecodingunfamiliarsocialrules,bridginglanguagegaps,andmanagingemotionalupsanddowns—allofwhichtrainustobemoreflexibleandresourceful.Inaworldthatcelebratesculturaldiversity,cultureshockisnolongerathreattobeavoided.Instead,it’sagatewaytogrowthandbecomingatrueglobalcitizen.Thosewhoembraceit,ratherthanshrinkfromit,willfindthemselvesbetterabletothriveinourdiverseandever-changingworld.12．Whichphaseofcultureshockiskeytopersonalgrowth?A．Thefrustrationphase. B．Thehoneymoonphase.C．Theadjustmentphase. D．Theadaptationphase.13．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A．Unfamiliarculturalnormsmaymakepeoplenarrow-minded.B．Self-awarenessislessimportantinaconnectedworld.C．Cross-culturalexperienceshelppeopleunderstandtheirownculturebetter.D．Peoplefromdifferentculturessharethesamesocialnorms.14．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardscultureshock?A．Negative. B．Neutral. C．Positive. D．Doubtful.15．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．CultureShock:AFrustratingExperienceforExpatsB．EmbraceCultureShock,EmbracePersonalGrowthC．TheFourStagesofCultureShockYouShouldKnowD．TheWaystoBuildaSupportNetworkinaNewCulture第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoTeachYourKidstoBeRespectfulandKindtoAnimalsWhenyourfamilyispreparingtowelcomeanewpet,it’sessentialtoestablishclearguidelinestoensurethesafetyandwell-beingofbothchildrenandanimals.Herearesomepracticalwaystohelpchildrenbuildempathyandlearntocareforanimalsresponsibly.Oneofthemosteffectivemethodsistoleadbyexample.Childrenoftenfollowinadults’footsteps,sohowyoutreatanimalswillleavealastingimpression.Showthemtheproperwaytoapproachandinteractwithanimals.16Thisteachesrespectfortheanimal’scomfortzone.It’salsohelpfultosetclearandconsistentrules.Childrenmaynotknowexactlyhowtobehavearoundanimals.17Explainthatanimalsarenottoys—pullingtheirtails,climbingonthem,ordisturbingthemwhiletheyeatorsleepisunacceptable.Suchguidelineshelppreventmisunderstandingsandpotentialharm.Anotherkeylessonisshowingunderstandingandrespect.Justlikepeople,animalshavemoodsandpersonalspace.Teachyourchildtorecognizewhenananimalwantstobeleftalone—suchaswhenitmovesaway,hides,ormakesanunhappysound.18Thisnotonlyprotectsthechildbutalsohelpstheanimalfeelrespected.19.Forexample,ifyoufindaninsectindoors,youmightcalmlycaptureandreleaseitoutsideinsteadofkillingit.Userespectfullanguagewhenreferringtoanimals—avoidcallingthem“it,”andchoose“he,”“she,”or“they”instead.What’smore,readingbooksthatpromotekindnesstowardanimalsisasimplebutpowerfultool.Rememberthatbuildingapositiverelationshipbetweenchildrenandanimalstakestimeandpatience.20Throughconsistentmodelingandgentleguidance,childrencangrowintocompassionate(有同情心的)andrespectfulindividuals.A．Inthisway,childrenwillplaywithanimalsatwill.B．Sympathycanalsobedevelopedthroughdailyhabits.C．Kidswilldevelopascientificwayoflookingatalllivingthings.D．Itisbettertoshowthemwhattodoinsteadofsimplysaying“don’t.”E．Thisknowledgeisusefulforinteractingwithbothanimalsandpeople.F．Overtime,thesesmalllessonscontributetoalifelongrespectforanimals.G．Whenencounteringanervousanimal,askkidstoobservequietlyratherthanchaseit.第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30)第一节完型填空(共15小题，每题1分，满分15分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Beingaparentisalreadyalife-changingexperience.However,this40-year-olddad21asurprisingchangeafterahikewithhiskids.BeforeJeremiahPetersonlookedlikeasupermodel,heweighed290pounds.Hewasonly22toloseweightafterhewentona23withhisfamilyin2017andbecameawareofhowquicklyhegot24fromtheactivity.“AllIcan25isonethingthatkeptplayinginmyheadoverandoveragain:Ifoundmyselfrunningoutofbreathandhavingtotake26beforemy9-,7-and4-year-oldkids,”Petersonwroteonsocialmedia.ThedadfromMissoula,Montanathen27himselftogetintoshape.Therefore,hestartedbygivingupdrinkingand28abalanceddiet.Everydayforfivemonthsstraight,hewouldhikefortwohoursand29onemorehouratthegym.After150daysofastrictdietandlotsof30,Petersonlost92pounds.Notonlythat,hecannowrun31upthehikingtrailthatoncemadehimextremelytired.Petersonnowuseshisstoryandfitnessknowledgetocoachand32almost100,000socialmediafollowers—buthesaysthathiskidsarethereal33forhissuccess.“Findingyourreasonis34ifyouwanttoachievesuccessinlife,”hewroteinapost.“Ifyoudon’thaveastrongreasonbehindyour35,youarelesslikelytogettheresults.”21．A．experienced B．admired C．prevented D．improved22．A．lucky B．honored C．careful D．determined23．A．diet B．hike C．program D．project24．A．free B．proud C．tired D．puzzled25．A．change B．recognize C．prepare D．remember26．A．breaks B．turns C．photos D．notes27．A．attracted B．set C．advised D．wished28．A．livingupto B．insistingon C．gettingacross D．agreeingon29．A．wait B．waste C．spend D．expect30．A．equipment B．consideration C．attention D．exercise31．A．non-stop B．suddenly C．aloud D．together32．A．please B．compare C．force D．encourage33．A．reason B．purpose C．hope D．need34．A．simple B．necessary C．personal D．difficult35．A．achievements B．imaginations C．actions D．conditions第二节语篇填空：(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Themomentmyseniorhighschoolstarted,myheart36(fill)withamixofnervousnessandexcitement.Allthethingsaroundmewerenew—theclassmates,theteachers,theclassrooms,andeventhesoundofthemorningbell.IknewIhadtogetused37thischallengingyetpromisingchapterofmylifegradually.MyfirstclasswasEnglish.Theteacher,MissXia,greeteduswithawarmsmileandencouragedustoexplorenewwaysof38(learn).Shebroughtinaplan39includedcreativeworkandgrouptalks.Whensheaskedmetosharemythoughts,Igotbutterfliesinmystomach,butherencouragementgavemetheconfidencetospeakup.Duringthebreak,Imetsomeclassmates.Thoughwewere40(stranger)atfirst,theirfriendlyattitudesmademefeelwelcome.Wesharedourhobbies41talkedaboutwhatourdreamsforthefuturewere,andIknewthatmanyofuswantedtodoourbest.In42afternoon,wehadatouroftheschoollibraryandlabs.Thelibrarianshowedushow43(borrow)andreturnbooks.Bytheendoftheday,myinitial(最初的)anxietyhadturnedinto44(curious).Thisfirstdayleftadeepimpressiononme.Itwasn’tjustaboutnewtextbooksorschedules—itwasthebeginningofajourneyto45(slow)discovermypotential.四、写作（共15分）46．假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Allen计划春节期间出游,特发来邮件让你推荐中国的一座城市。请你给他回复一封邮件，内容包括：1.推荐的城市；2.推荐的理由。注意:1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案题号12345678910答案ABDCCDADCB题号11121314151617181920答案AACCBGDEBF题号21222324252627282930答案ADBCDABBCD题号3132333435答案ADABC1．A2．B3．D【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了中国四个值得探索的考古遗址。1．细节理解题。根据Zhoukoudian,Beijing中“Atvariouspartsofthesite,scientistshaveunearthedtheremainsofearlyhuman“PekingMan”thatdatebackmorethan500,000years,aswellasof“ShandingdongMan”,wholived30,000yearsago.(在遗址的各个地方，科学家们发掘出了50多万年前的早期人类“北京猿人”，以及生活在3万年前的“山东猿人”)”及其余遗址反映的时间可知，北京周口店遗址能反映出最早的人类信息。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据TheYinxuRuins,Henanprovince中“Spreadingacrossover30squarekilometers,thesitefeaturesthegreatestnumberoforacleboneinscriptions(甲骨文)discoveredsofarintheworld.(该遗址占地30多平方公里，是迄今为止世界上发现数量最多的甲骨文遗址)”可知，殷墟遗址以甲骨文出名。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“AsApril18markstheInternationalDayforMonumentsandSites,alsoknownasWorldHeritageDay,we’veselectedfourarchaeological(考古的)sitesinChinathatdeserveexploration.(4月18日是国际古迹和遗址日，也被称为世界遗产日，我们在中国选择了四个值得探索的考古遗址)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了四处考古遗址，可以在一本旅行指南中找到。故选D。4．C5．C6．D7．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫通过步行奖励计划改善健康的故事。4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Sincewe’vehadquiteafewmedicalproblems,we’vebeenadvisedtogetmoreexercise.(由于我们都有不少健康问题，我们被建议多锻炼。)”可知，是医疗建议让作者和她的丈夫决定步行。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Davelikedtheidea,sowestartedputtingitintopractice,andtomysurprise,itshouldwork!(戴夫喜欢这个主意，所以我们开始付诸实践，令我惊讶的是，它竟然奏效了！)”可知，令作者意外的是她的想法真的很有效。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Thecompetitivesideoftheplanworkedaswell.Wefoundourselvestellingothersthatwehadtogooutforwalkssowecouldearnourwalkingpoints.“Daveiswayaheadofmethisweek,”Iwouldsay.(这个计划的竞争性也起到了作用。我们发现自己在告诉别人我们必须出去散步，这样我们才能赚到步行积分。“这周戴夫远远超过了我，”我会说。)”可知，作者和她丈夫计划的竞争性在于互相挑战多走路。故选D。7．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Sincewe’vehadquiteafewmedicalproblems,we’vebeenadvisedtogetmoreexercise.(由于我们都有不少健康问题，我们被建议多锻炼。)”以及最后一段中“ButasItoldDaveatthetime,ifwekeptwalking,wemightsaveonmedicalbills.(但正如我当时告诉戴夫的，如果我们继续走下去，我们可能会节省医疗费用。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫因为健康问题被建议多锻炼，于是他们想出了一个步行奖励计划，这个计划不仅让他们更愿意步行，还节省了医疗费用，因此A项“ItPaystoKeepWalking(坚持步行是值得的)”最能概括全文主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选A。8．D9．C10．B11．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍双关语的定义、类型、历史发展及人们对它的态度变化。8．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Languageisnotjustatoolforcommunication;it’salsoaplaygroundforthemind.English,inparticular,isfamousforitsrichvocabularyandinfluencefrommanydifferentlanguages,whichprovidesagreatbasisforcreativityandhumor.语言不仅仅是交流的工具，它也是思维的乐园。英语尤其以其丰富的词汇量和受多种不同语言的影响而闻名，这为创造力和幽默感奠定了良好基础)”可知，语言具有创造性和趣味性。故选D项。9．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Homographicpunsusewordsthatarespelledthesamebuthavedifferentmeaningsandsometimesdifferentpronunciations(同形双关语使用拼写相同但含义不同、有时发音不同的单词)”，“Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.”中“flies”和“like”均为同形不同义，属于同形双关。故选C项。10．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“DuringtheVictorianEra,strictsocialnormspromotedtheuseofpuns,astheyallowedpeopletocommentonissuescleverlywhileavoidingdirectness.(在维多利亚时代，严格的社会规范推动了双关语的使用，因为它们能让人们巧妙地评论问题，同时避免直白表达。)”可知，维多利亚时代使用双关语是为了间接表达观点。故选B项。11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“People’sopinionsofpunshavechangedthroughouthistory.Onceseenasasignofcleverness,punsweresometimeslookeddownonaslow-levelhumor.However,inrecentyears,they’veregainedpopularity(历史上人们对双关语的看法一直在变。双关语曾被视为聪明的象征，有时又被贬低为低级幽默。然而近年来，它们重新流行起来)”可知，本段主要讲双关语受欢迎程度的起伏变化。故选A项。12．A13．C14．C15．B【导语】本文是议论文。文章围绕“文化冲击”展开论述，提出“文化冲击可成为成长契机”的核心论点。12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Littledotheyknow,thisistheverystagewheretruegrowthtakesroot—itpushesusoutofourcozycomfortzonesandmakesusquestionthefixedculturalideaswe’vealwaystakenforgranted.(他们未必明白，正是在这个阶段，真正的成长才得以生根发芽——它迫使我们走出舒适区，让我们开始质疑那些我们一直习以为常的固定文化观念)”可知，挫折期是个人成长的关键阶段，故选A。13．推理判断题。根据第三段“Whensurroundedbydifferentcustoms—whetherinhowpeoplecommunicate,goabouttheirdailylives,orviewtheworld—we’reforcedtolookatourownculturalhabitsfromanewperspective.(当身处各种不同的文化环境之中——无论是人们的交流方式、日常生活方式，还是看待世界的方式——我们就会被迫以全新的视角审视自己所固有的文化习惯)”可知，身处不同文化习俗中会迫使人们从新视角审视自己的文化习惯，由此可推断跨文化经历能帮助人们更好地理解本民族文化，故选C。14．推理判断题。根据第一段“Butwhenapproachedwiththerightmindset,thisseeminglytoughexperiencecanturnintoapreciouslearningjourney,nurturingpersonalgrowthanddeepeningourunderstandingofdifferentcultures.(但若以正确的心态去面对，这种看似艰难的经历便能转变为宝贵的学习之旅，促进个人成长，并加深我们对不同文化的理解)”以及最后一段“Inaworldthatcelebratesculturaldiversity,cultureshockisnolongerathreattobeavoided.Instead,it’sagatewaytogrowthandbecomingatrueglobalcitizen.Thosewhoembraceit,ratherthanshrinkfromit,willfindthemselvesbetterabletothriveinourdiverseandever-changingworld.(在一个崇尚文化多样性的世界里，文化冲击不再是一种需要避免的威胁。相反，它成为了一扇通向成长和成为真正全球公民的门。那些勇于接受它而非逃避它的人，将会发现自己在我们这个多元且不断变化的世界中能够更好地生存和发展)”可知，作者对文化冲击是积极态度，故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Butwhenapproachedwiththerightmindset,thisseeminglytoughexperiencecanturnintoapreciouslearningjourney,nurturingpersonalgrowthanddeepeningourunderstandingofdifferentcultures.(但若以正确的心态去面对，这种看似艰难的经历便能转变为宝贵的学习之旅，促进个人成长，并加深我们对不同文化的理解)”结合全文围绕“文化冲击并非威胁，而是促进个人成长的契机”展开，B选项“拥抱文化冲击，成就个人成长”最符合文章标题，故选B。16．G17．D18．E19．B20．F【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了家长如何通过以身作则、制定规则、尊重理解、培养日常习惯等方法，教育孩子尊重和善待动物，培养孩子的同情心与责任感。16．根据前文“Showthemtheproperwaytoapproachandinteractwithanimals.(向他们展示接近动物和与动物互动的正确方式)”可知，空前强调要示范正确做法；结合空后“Thisteachesrespectfortheanimal’scomfortzone.(这教会（孩子）要尊重动物的舒适区)”可知，空处需指明“this”指代的内容，选项G“Whenencounteringanervousanimal,askkidstoobservequietlyratherthanchaseit.(当遇到紧张的动物时，让孩子安静观察而不是追赶它)”具体说明了正确的做法，能够承接上文，衔接下文。故选G。17．根据前文“Childrenmaynotknowexactlyhowtobehavearoundanimals.(孩子可能不知道在动物身边该如何表现)”和后文“Explainthatanimalsarenottoys(解释动物不是玩具)”可知，空前指出孩子不懂如何做，空后开始具体解释；选项D“Itisbettertoshowthemwhattodoinsteadofsimplysaying“don’t.”(最好给他们示范该做什么，而不是只说“不要这么做”)”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。18．根据前文“Teachyourchildtorecognizewhenananimalwantstobeleftalone—suchaswhenitmovesaway,hides,ormakesanunhappysound.(教你的孩子识别动物什么时候不想被打扰——比如当它躲开、躲藏或发出不舒服的声音时)”可知，空前讲的是教孩子识别动物的情绪和信号；选项E“Thisknowledgeisusefulforinteractingwithbothanimalsandpeople.(这些知识对于与动物和人交往都很有用)”是对这种能力的总结与升华。故选E。19．根据后文“Forexample,ifyoufindaninsectindoors,youmightcalmlycaptureandreleaseitoutsideinsteadofkillingit.(例如，如果你在室内发现一只昆虫，你可以平静地抓住它并把它放到外面，而不是杀死它)”可知，空后用日常小事举例说明如何培养爱心；选项B“Sympathycanalsobedevelopedthroughdailyhabits.(同情心也可以通过日常习惯来培养)”能够总领本段内容。故选B。20．根据前文“Rememberthatbuildingapositiverelationshipbetweenchildrenandanimalstakestimeandpatience.(记住，在孩子和动物之间建立积极的关系需要时间和耐心)”可知，空前强调这是一个长期过程；选项F“Overtime,thesesmalllessonscontributetoalifelongrespectforanimals.(随着时间的推移，这些小小的教育会造就对动物终身的尊重)”承接上文，强调长期坚持的结果。故选F。21．A22．D23．B24．C25．D26．A27．B28．B29．C30．D31．A32．D33．A34．B35．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述一位父亲因一次徒步后体力不支，决心减肥并成功蜕变，还以此激励他人的经历。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这位40岁的父亲在和孩子们徒步旅行后，经历了一个令人惊讶的变化。A.experienced经历；B.admired钦佩；C.prevented阻止；D.improved改善。根据后文“BeforeJeremiahPetersonlookedlikeasupermodel,heweighed290pounds”可知，彼得森从超级胖变成超模，由此可知，他经历了体型上的变化。故选A项。22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2017年，他和家人一起徒步旅行后，意识到自己在这项活动中很快就会感到疲惫，于是下定决心减肥。A.lucky幸运的；B.honored荣幸的；C.careful小心的；D.determined下定决心的。根据后文“TThedadfromMissoula,Montanathen________himselftogetintoshape.”可知，他下定决心要健身塑形。故选D项。23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2017年，他和家人一起徒步旅行后，意识到自己在这项活动中很快就会感到疲惫，于是下定决心减肥。A.diet饮食；B.hike徒步旅行；C.program项目；D.project计划。根据前文“afterahikewithhiskids”可知，他是和家人进行了一次徒步旅行。故选B项。24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2017年，他和家人一起徒步旅行后，意识到自己在这项活动中很快就会感到疲惫，于是下定决心减肥。A.free自由的；B.proud自豪的；C.tired疲惫的；D.puzzled困惑的。根据后文“Ifoundmyselfrunningoutofbreath”可知，他在徒步中会气喘吁吁，感到十分疲惫。故选C项。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：彼得森在社交媒体上写道：“我唯一能记得的一件事就是，有一个念头在我脑海里反复浮现：我发现自己上气不接下气，比我9岁、7岁和4岁的孩子还先需要休息。”A.change改变；B.recognize认出；C.prepare准备；D.remember记得。根据后文“onethingthatkeptplayinginmyheadoverandoveragain”可知，他记得当时脑海里反复出现的念头。故选D项。26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：彼得森在社交媒体上写道：“我唯一能记得的一件事就是，有一个念头在我脑海里反复浮现：我发现自己上气不接下气，比我9岁、7岁和4岁的孩子还先需要休息。”A.breaks休息；B.turns转弯；C.photos照片；D.notes笔记。根据前文“runningoutofbreath”可知，他气喘吁吁，需要停下来休息，takebreaks为固定搭配，意为“休息”。故选A项。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后，这位来自蒙大拿州米苏拉市的父亲下定决心要健身塑形。A.attracted吸引；B.set设定、决心；C.advised建议；D.wished希望。根据后文“Therefore,hestartedbygivingupdrinkingand________abalanceddiet.”可知，他开始采取行动健身，setoneselftodosth.意为“下定决心做某事”，符合语境。故选B项。28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，他从戒酒和坚持均衡饮食开始。A.livingupto不辜负；B.insistingon坚持；C.gettingacross使理解；D.agreeingon达成一致。根据前文“getintoshape”以及后文“astrictdiet”可知，他为了塑形坚持均衡饮食。故选B项。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：连续五个月，他每天都会徒步两小时，再花一小时在健身房锻炼。A.wait等待；B.waste浪费；C.spend花费；D.expect期待。根据后文“onemorehouratthegym”可知，他每天会在健身房花费一小时锻炼，spendtimeatsp.意为“在某地花费时间”，符合语境。故选C项。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过150天的严格节食和大量运动，彼得森减掉了92磅。A.equipment设备；B.consideration考虑；C.attention注意力；D.exercise运动。根据前文“hikefortwohoursandspendonemorehouratthegym”可知，他除了节食，还进行了大量的运动。故选D项。31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不仅如此，现在他可以一口气跑完那条曾经让他筋疲力尽的徒步小径。A.non-stop不间断地；B.suddenly突然地；C.aloud大声地；D.together一起。根据前文“BeforeJeremiahPetersonlookedlikeasupermodel,heweighed290pounds”可知，彼得森减肥成功，结合后文“thatoncemadehimextremelytired”可知，现在他体力变好，可以不间断地跑完徒步小径。故选A项。32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：彼得森现在用自己的故事和健身知识来指导和激励社交媒体上近10万名粉丝，但他说，孩子们才是他成功的真正原因。A.please取悦；B.compare比较；C.force强迫；D.encourage激励。根据前文“useshisstoryandfitnessknowledgetocoach”可知，他用自己的经历来指导和激励他人。故选D项。33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：彼得森现在用自己的故事和健身知识来指导和激励社交媒体上近10万名粉丝，但他说，孩子们才是他成功的真正原因。A.reason原因；B.purpose目的；C.hope希望；D.need需要。根据后文“Findingyourreasonis________ifyouwanttoachievesuccessinlife,”可知，此处指他成功的真正原因是孩子们。故选A项。34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他在一篇帖子中写道：“如果你想在生活中取得成功，找到自己的动力是必不可少的。”A.simple简单的；B.necessary必要的；C.personal个人的；D.difficult困难的。根据后文“Ifyoudon’thaveastrongreasonbehindyour_______,youarelesslikelytogettheresults.”可知，有动力是取得成功的必要条件。故选B项。35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你的行动背后没有强大的动力，你就不太可能得到想要的结果。A.achievements成就；B.imaginations想象；C.actions行动；D.conditions条件。根据前文“Therefore,hestartedbygivingupdrinkingand_______ab