2026人教版五年级上册语文期末试卷及答案

2026人教版五年级上册语文期末试卷及答案第一部分：基础知识与积累运用（45分）一、选择题（每题2分，共12分）1.下列加点字的注音完全正确的一项是（）A.眸子（móu）嫌弃（xián）嗜好（shì）玻璃框（kuāng）B.便当（pián）韵味（yùn）交错（jiāo）降临（jiàng）C.眸子（mú）嫌弃（xián）嗜好（sì）玻璃框（kuàng）D.便当（biàn）韵味（yùn）交错（jiǎo）降临（jiāng）2.下列词语书写完全正确的一项是（）A.精巧色素配合身段生硬B.寻常忘却流线型悠然黄昏C.清晨孤独安稳恩惠美中不足D.镜匣朱红望哨嗜好铿锵有力3.下列句子中，加点成语使用不恰当的一项是（）A.蔺相如机智勇敢，顾全大局，为了国家的利益，他总是对廉颇忍让三分，真是难能可贵。B.这座博物馆里收藏的奇珍异宝，真是美不胜收，让人大开眼界。C.在讨论会上，大家各抒己见，吵得不可开交，最后还是不欢而散。D.他虽然年纪大了，但做事仍是一丝不苟，从不马虎。4.下列句子中，标点符号使用不正确的一项是（）A.它的果实埋在地里，不像桃子、石榴、苹果那样，把鲜红嫩绿的果实高高地挂在枝头上，使人一见就生爱慕之心。B.我说：“那么，人要做有用的人，不要做只讲体面，而对别人没有好处的人。”C.难道我们就不应该向这种无私奉献的精神学习吗？D.“是吗？”廉颇很不服气地问：“我攻无不克，战无不胜，他蔺相如有什么能耐，就靠一张嘴，反而爬到我头上去了？”5.下列关于文学常识的表述，有误的一项是（）A.《白鹭》是郭沫若先生的一篇散文，他运用了对比的手法，突出了白鹭的精巧和韵味。B.《落花生》是一篇借物喻人的文章，作者许地山通过花生告诉我们做人的道理。C.《桂花雨》是琦君的一篇回忆童年生活的散文，表达了作者对故乡和亲人的思念。D.《珍珠鸟》的作者是老舍，文章生动地描述了珍珠鸟与“我”逐渐亲近的过程。6.下列句子没有语病的一项是（）A.通过学习《落花生》这篇课文，使我明白了做人的道理。B.我们要改进学习方法，增加学习效率。C.即使遇到很大的困难，我们也不能灰心丧气。D.他的作文不但在全校获奖，而且张贴在宣传栏里展览。二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）7.看拼音，写词语。（1）白鹭是一首jīngqiǎo（）的诗。（2）色素的pèihé（），身段的大小，一切都很shìyí（）。（3）父亲说：“花生的好处很多，有一样最可贵：它的果实埋在地里，不像桃子、石榴、苹果那样，把鲜红嫩绿的果实高高地挂在枝头上，使人一见就生àimù（）之心。”（4）这里的桂花再香，也比不上家乡院子里的桂花，这表达了作者对故乡的sīniàn（）之情。8.按要求填空。（1）居高声自远，__________。（虞世南《蝉》）（2）七夕今宵看碧霄，__________。（林杰《乞巧》）（3）__________，日暮客愁新。（孟浩然《宿建德江》）（4）__________，非是藉秋风。（虞世南《蝉》）（5）姑苏城外寒山寺，__________。（张继《枫桥夜泊》）三、语言运用（共8分）9.按要求改写句子。（4分）（1）白鹭实在是一首诗，一首韵在骨子里的散文诗。（改为反问句）______________________________________________________________（2）这里的桂花再香，也比不上家乡院子里的桂花。（改为双重否定句）______________________________________________________________10.综合性学习。（4分）班级正在开展“我爱阅读”主题活动，请你参与并完成以下任务。（1）请设计一条宣传标语，号召同学们多读书。（2分）______________________________________________________________（2）如果你的同学小明沉迷于网络游戏，不愿意读书，你会如何劝说他？（2分）______________________________________________________________四、课文内容回顾与理解（共15分）11.判断下列说法的正误，对的打“√”，错的打“×”。（5分）（1）《落花生》一文中，父亲的话告诉我们要像花生一样，做有用的人，不要做只讲体面而对别人没有好处的人。（）（2）《珍珠鸟》中，“信赖，往往创造出美好的境界”这句话点明了文章的中心思想。（）（3）《搭石》一文中，乡亲们摆搭石、走搭石的过程，体现了他们无私奉献、互帮互助的精神。（）（4）《将相和》中，“将”指廉颇，“相”指蔺相如，“和”是和好的意思。（）（5）《什么比猎豹的速度更快》是一篇说明文，主要运用了列数字、作比较等说明方法。（）12.按课文内容填空。（10分）（1）《白鹭》中，作者用“__________”来比喻白鹭的雪白，用“__________”来比喻白鹭的流线型结构。（2分）（2）《落花生》中，作者一家人通过__________、__________、__________、__________这几件事，写出了花生的特点。（4分）（3）《搭石》中，一排排搭石，__________，__________，它们联结着故乡的小路，也联结着乡亲们美好的情感。（2分）（4）《珍珠鸟》中，珍珠鸟起初怕“我”，后来敢在“我”的桌子上乱蹦，甚至趴在“我”的肩上睡着了，这是因为“我”对它__________。（2分）第二部分：阅读理解（25分）五、课内阅读（10分）阅读下面的片段，回答问题。父亲说：“花生的好处很多，有一样最可贵：它的果实埋在地里，不像桃子、石榴、苹果那样，把鲜红嫩绿的果实高高地挂在枝头上，使人一见就生爱慕之心。你们看它矮矮地长在地上，等到成熟了，也不能立刻分辨出来它有没有果实，必须挖起来才知道。”我们都说是，母亲也点点头。父亲接下去说：“所以你们要像花生，它虽然不好看，可是很有用。”我说：“那么，人要做有用的人，不要做只讲体面，而对别人没有好处的人。”父亲说：“对。这是我对你们的希望。”我们谈到深夜才散。花生做的食品都吃完了，父亲的话却深深地印在我的心上。13.父亲把花生和桃子、石榴、苹果进行对比，其目的是什么？（3分）____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________14.从父亲的话中，你体会到了父亲希望孩子们做什么样的人？（3分）____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________15.“父亲的话却深深地印在我的心上。”这句话在文中起到了什么作用？（2分）______________________________________________________________16.下列对选文理解不正确的一项是（）（2分）A.父亲通过对比，突出了花生朴实无华、默默奉献的品质。B.父亲希望孩子们像花生一样，虽然外表不好看，但是很有用。C.父亲不喜欢桃子、石榴、苹果，因为它们只讲体面。D.“我”从父亲的话中领悟到了做人的道理。六、课外阅读（15分）阅读下面的短文，回答问题。__________父亲是个爱花的人。他家的院子里，一年四季都开着各种各样的花。每当春天来临，桃花、杏花、梨花竞相开放，红的像火，粉的像霞，白的像雪。夏天，月季、茉莉、栀子花争奇斗艳，香气扑鼻。秋天，菊花傲霜怒放，千姿百态。冬天，梅花在寒风中独自开放，散发着淡淡的幽香。我小时候，经常在花丛中玩耍。父亲总是笑着看我，有时还会摘下一朵花，插在我的发间。那时候，我觉得自己是世界上最幸福的孩子。记得有一年，父亲从外地带回一株名贵的兰花。他像宝贝一样，精心地照料着它。每天给它浇水、施肥，还特意为它搭建了一个遮阳棚。在父亲的悉心照料下，那株兰花长得郁郁葱葱，不久便开出了淡雅的花朵。父亲高兴得像个孩子，逢人就夸他的兰花。然而，好景不长。一场突如其来的暴风雨，把那株兰花打得东倒西歪，叶子也被撕扯得七零八落。父亲看着心爱的兰花，心疼得直叹气。我以为父亲会放弃它，没想到，他更加细心地照料它。他扶正了花茎，剪掉了残叶，还为它培上了新土。在父亲的精心呵护下，那株兰花竟然奇迹般地活了过来，而且长得比以前更加茂盛。第二年春天，它再次开出了美丽的花朵，比以前更加娇艳。看着那株劫后余生的兰花，我忽然明白了：生命就像这株兰花，无论遇到多大的困难和挫折，只要我们不放弃，就一定能够重新焕发生机。17.给短文加一个合适的标题，写在文前的横线上。（2分）18.短文第二自然段是按照__________顺序来描写的。（2分）19.父亲是如何照料那株名贵的兰花的？请用“__________”在文中画出来。（2分）20.文中画线句子“生命就像这株兰花，无论遇到多大的困难和挫折，只要我们不放弃，就一定能够重新焕发生机。”蕴含了什么深刻道理？（3分）____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21.下列对短文内容理解正确的一项是（）（3分）A.父亲只喜欢名贵的兰花，不喜欢其他的花。B.暴风雨过后，父亲因为心疼兰花，所以放弃了它。C.父亲对兰花的精心照料，表现了他对生命的尊重和热爱。D.“我”小时候经常在花丛中玩耍，是因为“我”很喜欢花。22.短文主要写了父亲和兰花的故事，为什么还要在第二自然段描写院子里其他的花？（3分）____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第三部分：习作（30分）23.题目：我的心爱之物要求：（1）每个人都有自己心爱的东西，可能是玩具、学习用品、工艺品，也可能是植物、动物等。请选择一样你心爱的东西，写一篇习作。（2）要写清楚这个东西是什么样子的，你是怎么得到的，以及为什么它是你的心爱之物。（3）内容具体，语句通顺，感情真挚。（4）字数不少于450字。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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