外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Revealing nature（公开课一等奖创新教案六份打包）

外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit5Revealingnature（公开课一等奖创新教案，六份打包）SectionⅠVocabulary

Ⅰ.写重点词汇

1．seedn．种子，籽

2．samplen．样本

3．ancestorn．(动物的)原种，祖先

4．generatev．产生，创造

5．centimetren．厘米

6．declinev．减少

7．blamev．责怪，指责；把……归咎于

8．goatn．山羊

9．primitiveadj.原始的，低等的

10．worldwideadv.遍及全世界

11．giantadj.巨大的，特大的

12．legendn．传说，传奇(故事)

13．rootn．根

14．linkv．把……联系起来；连接

15．answerthecall响应号召

16．beadisgrace是耻辱，是丢脸的事

17．benativeto源于……的，原产于……

18．inquestion讨论中的；考虑中的；有疑问

19．becrowdedwith塞满；挤满；充满

20．cometoexist出现；产生

21．adaptto适应

22．avarietyof种种；各种各样的

Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇

1．distantadj.遥远的；冷淡的→distancen．距离→distantlyadv.疏远地

2．disgracen．丢脸，耻辱v．使丢脸；使蒙羞→disgracefuladj.不光彩的，可耻的

3．geologistn．地质学家→geologyn．地质学

4．evolvev．进化→evolutionn．进化(论)

5．suspectv．猜想，怀疑，觉得→suspiciousadj.怀疑的；可疑的→suspicionn．怀疑；嫌疑

6．detectv．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detectionn．发现→detectiven．侦探→detectorn．检测器；发现者

7．mythn．(古代的)神话→mythicaladj.神话的；虚构的

8．characteristicn．特征，特性adj.典型的；独特的→charactern．性格；人物，角色

Ⅲ.认阅读词汇

1．Thisbirdemploysitsbeakasaweapon.n.鸟嘴，喙

2．Whatisthemoralofthestoryofthetortoiseandtheharen．陆龟；乌龟

3．Ineedacombliketooltoremovetheballsonmysweater.adj.梳状的

4．Theanimaliscoveredinlongpiercingspines.n.(动植物的)刺，刺毛

5．Peoplewereconcernedthatpetsorwildlifecouldbeaffectedbythepesticides.n.杀虫剂，农药

6．Ifyouprefermildflavors，reduceorleaveoutthechilli.n.辣椒

7．Whilefocusingonforestallingandpunishingcybercrime，Chinatakestargetedmeasuresagainstonlinecriminalactivities.n.网络犯罪

distantadj.遥远的；久远的；疏远的；心不在焉的(distancen．距离)

bedistantfrom距……很远；与……不同

inthedistance在远处

fromadistance从远处

atadistance(of)在……远的地方；距离稍远

withinwalkingdistance在步行范围内

keep...atadistance与……保持距离；疏远……

(1)Wespottedthemwavingtousatadistanceof100meters.

(2)Thetimewespenttogetherisnowadistant(distance)memory.

(3)Couldyourecommendagoodrestaurantwithinwalkingdistance

[写作佳句]

(4)老人站在塔顶上，看着远处的树。

Theoldmanstoodonthetopofthetower，lookingatthetreesinthedistance.

(5)得知你的同学总是疏远你，我写信给你一些建议。

Learningthatyourclassmatesarealwayskeepingyouatadistance，Iamwritingtogiveyousometips.

suspectv．猜想，怀疑，觉得n．犯罪嫌疑人(suspiciousadj.怀疑的；可疑的suspicionn．怀疑；嫌疑suspectedadj.疑似的)

suspectsbof(doing)sth怀疑某人(做)某事

suspectsbtobe怀疑某人是……

besuspiciousof对……怀疑

(1)Judgingfromhisnervousexpression，thepolicesuspecthimtobe(be)athief.

(2)Mostorganizationsare，quiteunderstandably，suspicious(suspect)ofnewideas.

(3)Honestlyspeaking，weallsuspectedthegeologistofnotpullinghisweightintheteamwork.

[写作佳句]

(4)在那种情况下，我非常怀疑他在对我撒谎。

①Inthatsituation，Istronglysuspectedhimoflyingtome.(简单句)

②Inthatsituation，Istronglysuspectedthathewaslyingtome.(复合句)

declinev．减少；衰退；谢绝n．减少；下降；衰退

declineby/to...下降了/到……

declinetodosth拒绝做某事

indecline/onthedecline在下降

asharpdeclinein...在……方面急剧下降

(1)Thenumberoftouriststotheresortdeclinedby10%lastyear.

(2)Whatmadeusastonishedwasthatthetechniciandeclinedtotake(take)thetaskassignedtohim.

(3)Therewasasharpdeclineinthenumberofpeacocksinthisregion，puttinglocalpeopleinpanic.

[写作佳句]

(4)我邀请他们搭便车，但他们婉言拒绝了。

Iofferedtogivethemalift，buttheydeclined.

blamev．责怪，指责；把……归咎于n．(坏事或错事的)责任；责备；指责

blamesbfor...因……而怪罪/责备某人；把……归咎于某人

blamesthon...把责任归咎于……

betoblamefor该为……受责备；应为……承担责任

put/laytheblameforsthonsb把某事归咎于某人

take/beartheblamefor...对……负责；为……承担责任

(1)Sheblamedherhusbandforthefailureoftheirmarriage.

＝Sheblamedthefailureoftheirmarriageonherhusband.

(2)Theassociationwasreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.

[写作佳句]

(3)很多人发现早晨起床很难，并且怪罪于闹钟。

Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning，andput/laytheblameonthealarmclock.

(4)很明显，湿地的破坏应归咎于人类。

Obviously，itishumanbeingsthatshouldbetoblameforthedestructionofthewetland.

linkv．把……联系起来；连接n．联系；连接

link...to/with...把……和……连接/联系起来

linkup联合，连接；使结合；使连接

belinkedto/with与……有关

alinkbetween...and...……和……之间的联系

(1)Wearedelightedtoknowthenewsthatasubwaylinewilllinktheairportto/withthecitycenter.

(2)Policesuspecttheremaybealinkbetweenthetwomurdersonthisstreetlastmonth.

(3)Thelocalgovernmentplanstobuildarailwaytolinkupthetwoislands.

[写作佳句]

(4)在中国文化中，红色通常与高兴和喜庆联系在一起。

InChineseculture，redisusuallylinkedto/withjoyandcelebration.

inquestion讨论中的；考虑中的；有疑问

beyondquestion不容置疑

outofquestion＝withoutquestion毫无疑问，没有问题

outofthequestion不可能；不允许；不值得讨论

(1)Thefactthattheywillanswerthecallisnotinquestion.

(2)Inmyopinion，you’dbetterkeepyourdistancefromthemaninquestion.

(3)Itisbeyond/outof/withoutquestionthathewillpasstheexamforhehasbeenworkinghardofalltime.

[写作佳句]

(4)鉴于目前的情况，今年再出国旅行是不可能的。

Inviewofthepresentsituation，anothertripabroadthisyearisoutofthequestion.

becrowdedwith塞满；挤满；充满[crowdedadj.拥挤的；挤满的；充满的crowdn．人群；一伙人v．使……拥挤；挤满；涌入(脑海)]

crowdin(onsb)(想法、问题等)涌上(心头)；涌入(脑海)

crowdin/into大批地涌入

crowdintoone’smind涌入某人的脑海

acrowdof(crowdsof)一群(成群)……

inthecrowd在人群中

(1)WithChristmasapproaching，allshopsarecrowdedwithshoppingpeople.

(2)Whenspeciescrowdintoanarea，theycompeteforresourcesandbecomeefficientatusingthem.

(3)Therewasatimewhenwhereverhewent，crowds(crowd)offanswouldwaitalongtimetomeethim.

[写作佳句]

(4)(读后续写之情绪描写)随着过去的回忆涌入她的脑海，她突然悲伤地大哭起来。

Withpastmemoriescrowdingintohermind，sheburstintotearswithsadness.

benativeto源于……的，原产于……

one’snativecountry/land/language/tongue某人的祖国/故乡/母语

beanativeof...是……人；生长于……的动/植物

(1)Asweallknow，blueberriesarenativetoNorthAmerica.

(2)Judgingfromhisaccent，hemustbeanativeofeasterncoastalChina.

[写作佳句]

(3)事实上，我的母语不是英语，而是法语。

Asamatteroffact，itisnotEnglishbutFrenchthatismynativelanguage.

Ⅰ.一词多义

suspectA.vt.怀疑B.n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象C.adj.可疑的；靠不住的

1．Someoftheevidencetheyproducedwashighlysuspect.C

2．Whatadisgrace！Hersonisamurdersuspectinthecase.B

3．(2020新课标Ⅰ)InSamarkand，MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders，whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.A

declineA.v.谢绝B.v.减少C.v.衰退D.n.下降

4．Thecompanyhasseenitsprofitsdeclinesharplyoverthepastfewyears.B

5．(2022浙江1月)Whentheanswerwasno，shedeclinedtheinvitation.A

6．(2023北京)Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan，say，gradualbiodiversitydecline.D

7．(2020浙江7月)Ofcourse，ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons—includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.C

Ⅱ.熟词生义

1．HewaswithoutquestiononeofthegiantsofJapaneseliterature.卓越人物

2．Money，orloveofmoney，issaidtobetherootofallevil.起因，根源

3．Insteadofstoppingtospeak，shepassedbywithonlyadistantnod.冷漠的

训练1Vocabulary(A)

分值：47.5分

Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题；每小题1分，共10分)

1．ChinesepeoplebroughtinpotatoesthatarenativetoAmerica.

2．Onhearingthenews，Ifrozewithshock，asifrootedtotheground.

3．Isuspected(怀疑)thatEmilywaslyingwhenshedescribedtheincident.

4．Theyoungerboyblamed(责备)byhisteacherdidn’tfeelsorryforhimself.

5．Thankstotheeffortstheymade，thecrimerateinthisareahasdeclinedby12%.

6．Thegeologistwasworkingwhenhenoticedsomegoatsinthedistance(远方)．

7．Asamatteroffact，manyformsofcancercanbecuredifdetected(发现)early.

8．Hepracticedhardsoasnottobeadisgrace(耻辱)tohiscountryinthecompetition.

9．Mostfoodwebs，forinstance，consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.

10．Youwillhaveachancetoseerareanimalslikegiantpandas，goldenmonkeysinthenaturereserve.

Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)

1．Iwanttoknowwhoistoblame(blame)forthebrokenvase.

2．Bycontrast，IlikethoselovelypandasmostwhicharenativetoChina.

3．Ilikethefolktalethatislinked(link)tolove，perseveranceandwarm-heartedness.

4．It’sdisgraceful(disgrace)toconcealyourowndefectbymeansofhurtingothers.

5．Honestlyspeaking，weallsuspectedthelittleprincessofnottellingthetruthtous.

6．Inspiteofmanyinvitations，hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisit(visit)thefamousuniversity.

7．Inthisdistrictthenumberofpeacocksisonthedecline，whichworrieslocalpeopleverymuch.

8．Youcanalsovisitthecitymuseum，whichiswithinwalkingdistanceofthehotelwhereyoustay.

9．Thesememoriesofmyyearsinthatdistant(distance)villagearerootedinmyheartandrundeep.

10．Blamed(blame)fortheaccident，Icrouchedontheground，tearsstreamingdownmycheeksuncontrollably.

Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)

In2014，XuYitang，aBeijingnativewhohadbeenstudyingPekingOperasincechildhood，wentwithfriendsforabirthdaycelebrationtoBeijingZoo.Littledidheknowthatachanceencounterattheaquariumtherewouldexcitealifelongpassion.AsXuYitangstaredatcoralsbathedintank’slight，asenseofwondercrowdedintohismind.Lostinthebeautyandmysteryofthecreatures，hespenttheentireafternooninfrontofit.Afterthat，hebegantofrequentthelocalmarkettolearnaboutcoralfarmingfrommerchantswhosellornamentalplants，fishandcorals.Healsosearchedforinformationonrelevantforumsonline.Beforelong，hehadsetupasmallfishtankathomeandstartedcultivatingacoral.

Nowadays，XuYitang，whohasmovedtothetropicalislandofSouthChina’sHainanProvince，worksforaSanya-basedtropicalbiologicallaboratorybelongingtotheChineseAcademyofSciences.Eachday，hespendsseveralhoursdivingdeepunderthewavestoobserveanddocumentthegrowthanddevelopmentofthecreaturesthatcapturedhisheartallthoseyearsago.Nicknamed“coralman”，heisactivelyengagedonsuchsocialmediaplatformsasSinaWeibo，whereheregularlysharesvisuallybeautifulphotosandentertainingvideosofcorals.Heaimstoencourageindividualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefsandtheoceansasawholefromthedestructiveimpactofclimatechangeandhumanactivities.

Unfortunately，withthestrengtheningofthegreenhouseeffect，risingseatemperatureshaveledtocoralbleaching(白化)anddecay.Acoralreef’sbeautifulcolorscomefromthesymbioticalgae(共生藻类)zooxanthellaethatprovidemorethan90percentoftheenergythroughphotosynthesis(光合作用)．Coralbleachingoccurswhencoralexpelsthealgaeanddiesduetothelackofnutrients.

Inthelaboratory，hewouldfilmeducationalvideostoraiseawarenessandknowledgeaboutcorals，sothatpeoplecanlearnhowtoprotectthemeffectively.

语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了珊瑚保护者徐一唐的故事，还介绍了珊瑚白化现象以及其原因。

1．WhatchangedXuYitang’scareerchoice

A．Frequentingthelocalmarket.

B．Settingupasmallfishtankathome.

C．Havinganencounterattheaquarium.

D．Observingcoralgrowthanddevelopment.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“Littledidheknowthatachanceencounterattheaquariumtherewouldexcitealifelongpassion.”可知，在水族馆的一次偶遇对他的职业选择产生了巨大的影响。故选C。

2．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2

A．Xuisadiverinthelab.

B．Xuisacoralconservationist.

C．Xuspendsfewhoursonhisworkeveryday.

D．Xushareshisvideosforcoralsthroughsocialmediaplatforms.

答案B

解析推理判断题。根据第二段中“Heaimstoencourageindividualstotakeactioninprotectingcoralreefsandtheoceansasawholefromthedestructiveimpactofclimatechangeandhumanactivities."可知，徐一唐鼓励人们采取行动保护珊瑚礁和整个海洋体系，由此推断出他是一名珊瑚保护者。故选B。

3．Whatcausedcoralbleaching

A．Risingseatemperatures.

B．Lotsofnutrientsinthewater.

C．Coralfarmingpractices.

D．Lackofsunlightindeepwaters.

答案A

解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“Unfortunately，withthestrengtheningofthegreenhouseeffect，risingseatemperatureshaveledtocoralbleaching(白化)anddecay.”可知，随着温室效应的加强，海洋温度的上升导致了珊瑚的白化和腐烂。故选A。

4．HowdoesXufeelabouthisjobnow

A．Critical.

B．Indifferent.

C．Objective.

D．Enthusiastic.

答案D

解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“Littledidheknowthatachanceencounterattheaquariumtherewouldexcitealifelongpassion."以及第二段中“Eachday，hespendsseveralhoursdivingdeepunderthewaves...entertainingvideosofcorals.”可知，他对珊瑚保护事业有着长久的热情，为此投入很多时间和精力，因此推断他对这项工作是充满热情的。故选D。

Ⅳ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)

Foodispartofwhoweare.Weallneedit，survivebecauseofitandderivehappinessfromit.Soiffoodmatterssomuch，whydoweletsomuchofitgorotteninourfridges，orgetthrownoutinourstoresSadly，welovefood，butwedon’ttakecareofit.1

Herearewaystohelpusloveourfoodbetterandgrowrespectfortheworldbehindwhatweeat.

Reduceyourfoodwaste.

Buyonlythefoodyouneed，storefoodwisely，donateexcessandturnleftoverfoodintothenextday’smeals.Whenwewastefood，alltheresourcesusedforgrowing，processing，transportingandmarketingthatfoodarewastedtoo.2

Supportyourlocalfoodproducers.

Chefsgetawards，starsandrecognitionfortheircreations.Butwhataboutourfarmers

3

Shopatyourlocalmarketsandgettoknowyourfarmers.Givingthemyourbusinessisgivingthemyourrecognitionandrespect.

Adoptahealthier，moresustainablediet.

4

Wegetenergyandmaintainhealthfromgoodfood.Wenormallydon’tcarethepowerthatfoodandnutritionhaveoverourbodies.Toomuchofit，ortoomuchofonlyonekindofit，canleadtoobesity，deficienciesordiet-relateddiseases.

5

Bytreatingeachmealwithpride，werespectthefarmerswhoproducedit，andtheresourcesthatwentintoit.Respectcanbepassedon.Talktothepeoplearoundandtothenextgenerationaboutmakinginformed，healthyandsustainablefoodchoices.

Respectingfoodmeansappreciatingtheback-storyoffood.Whenweknowthefullpicture，itiseasiertoseewhatourfoodreallystandsforandhowpreciousitreallyis.

A．Haveaconversation.

B．Learnwherefoodcomesfrom.

C．Ourbodiesconsumecaloriesandnutrients.

D．Formanypeopleontheplanet，foodisgiving.

E．Foodissomuchmorethanwhatisonourplates.

F．Onethirdofallfoodproducedgloballyislostorwasted.

G．Withoutthem，wewouldn’thavethefreshfoodweneedonadailybasis.

语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了食物浪费的现象过于严重，并提出了可以帮助我们更好地爱惜食物，并培养对食物背后的世界的尊重的几个方法。

1．答案F

解析根据前文提到我们并不珍惜食物的例子和空前一句可推知，设空句应继续讲述食物浪费的情况。选项F“全球生产的粮食有三分之一被损失或浪费"承接上文，符合语境。故选F。

2．答案E

解析根据前文可知，浪费食物所带来的是一系列的浪费，这表明食物对我们来说意味着很多。选项E“食物远不止是我们盘子里的东西”总结前文，符合题意。故选E。

3．答案G

解析根据该部分主题句可知，该部分强调支持本地的“食品生产者”，且前文“Butwhataboutourfarmers？”提及了农民，可推知设空句应解释农民的重要性。选项G“没有他们，我们就不会获得我们每天需要的新鲜食物"用双重否定句强调了农民的重要性，them就是指上文的farmers。故选G。

4．答案C

解析根据该部分主题句可知，该部分强调健康饮食。选项C“我们的身体消耗热量和营养”承接主题句，选项中的“calories”，“nutrients”与后文中“energy"和“nutrition”相呼应，衔接紧密。故选C。

5．答案A

解析设空句为段落主题句。根据后文“Talktothepeoplearoundandtothenextgenerationaboutmakinginformed，healthyandsustainablefoodchoices."可知，该段强调“与周围的人和下一代谈论明智、健康和可持续的饮食选择”，因此，设空句作为段落主题句，应突出核心词汇“谈论"。选项A“进行交谈”与后文“Talkto..."相呼应。故选A。

训练2Vocabulary(B)

分值：35分

Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)

A

Coralreefs(珊瑚礁)areauniqueoceanecosystemconsistingofrockystructuresmainlyformedbycoralanimalsandsomeotheroceanlife.Despiteonlycovering0.2percentoftheoceanfloor，coralreefssupportatleast25percentofmarinespecies，aswellasprovidingfoodandeconomicsecurityforhundredsofmillionsofpeople.

However，coralreefsacrosstheworldareunderthreat.Warmeroceanscancausethecoralbleaching(白化)．Ithappenswhenthecoralslosecoloredalgae(海藻)livingintheirbodiesandturncompletelywhite.Withoutthealgae，thecoralslosetheirmainfoodsourceandcandie.Inaddition，asoceansbecomemoreacidic(酸性的)fromabsorbingCO2，coralsinacidicconditionsbecomeweakinformingreefs.

In2021，theUnitedNationsreporteda14percentlossofcoralsacrosstheworldlargelyfromrisingseatemperaturesintheprevious13years.Australiadeclaredmassbleachingeventsin2022acrosslargepartsoftheGreatBarrierReef，fourtimessince2016.DatafromthePhilippinesshowedhigherthanusualoceantemperaturesbetween2015and2017hadcausedaseriousthree-yearbleachingeventsinreefsacrosstheplanet.

Scientistshavebeencooperatingtoseehowcoralreefscanbeprotected.Thankfully，theyfindthosecoralreefsinthehotpartsoftheglobearetheworstaffected.Theycontaincoralswithbetterheatresistance.Sotheirresearchfocusonfindinggenes(基因)forheattolerancesothattheycanbepassedontofuturegenerations.Biologistsalsomixcoralsthataremoreresilienttohighertemperatureswiththosethatarenotandtheresultinggenerationhasabetterchanceofsurvival.

Ultimately，scientistsaddthatwithoutaseriousdeclineingreenhousegas,99percentoftheworld’scoralreefswillbegonebytheendofthecentury.Thereisalimittohowquicklycoralscanadaptwarmclimate，butiftemperaturesriserapidly，thenextinctioniscertain.

语篇解读这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了珊瑚礁正遭受威胁，强调了减少温室气体排放的必要性和紧迫性。

1．Whichisthemainthreattocoralreefs

A．Decliningoceanacidification.

B．Lossofcoloredalgae.

C．Increasingseatemperatures.

D．Lackoffoodsource.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“However，coralreefsacrosstheworldareunderthreat.Warmeroceanscancausethecoralbleaching(白化)．”和最后一段中“butiftemperaturesriserapidly，thenextinctioniscertain"可知，海洋温度上升是珊瑚礁的主要威胁。故选C。

2．Whatdoweknowfromparagraph3

A．Noactionsaretakentoprotectcoralreefs.

B．CoralbleachingistheworstinAustralia.

C．Coralreefshavegrownrapidlyforyears.

D．Coralreefsreceiveimpactsglobally.

答案D

解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“In2021，theUnitedNationsreporteda14percentlossofcoralsacrosstheworld...”和“Australiadeclaredmassbleachingevents..."以及“DatafromthePhilippines...three-yearbleachingeventsinreefsacrosstheplanet.”可知，珊瑚礁受到的影响是全球性的。故选D。

3．Whatcanbethebasicwaytoprotectcoralreefs

A．Reducinggreenhousegasemission.

B．Transplantingthemtothehotparts.

C．Relyingongenesscience.

D．Limitingtheirspread.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ultimately，scientistsaddthatwithoutaseriousdeclineingreenhousegas,99percentoftheworld’scoralreefswillbegonebytheendofthecentury."可推知，减少温室气体的排放是保护珊瑚礁的根本办法。故选A。

4．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext

A．WhereAreCoralReefsSpread

B．HowCanCoralReefsSurvive

C．CoralReefs：ANewThreattoOceanLife

D．CoralReefs：ABusyUnderwaterCommunity

答案B

解析标题归纳题。根据第二段中“However，coralreefsacrosstheworldareunderthreat.”以及最后一段第一句话并结合全文可知，这篇文章主要讲述了珊瑚礁正面临威胁，减少温室气体排放和利用珊瑚的耐热基因可以帮助珊瑚礁渡过难关。故B项“HowCanCoralReefsSurvive？"符合主旨，最适合作为本文的标题。故选B。

B

Mostoftheworld’scropsdependonhoneybeesandwildbeesforpollination(授粉)，sodeclineinbothmanagedandwildbeepopulationsraisesconcernsaboutfoodsecurity，thestudynotesinthejournalProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB:BiologicalSciences.

“Wefoundthatmanycropsarepollination-limited，meaningcropproductionwouldbehigherifcropflowersreceivedmorepollination.Wealsofoundthathoneybeesandwildbeesprovidedsimilaramountsofpollinationingeneral，”saidseniorauthorRachaelWinfree，aprofessoratRutgersUniversity-NewBrunswick.“Managinghabitatfornativebeespeciesandstockingmorehoneybeeswouldraisepollinationlevelsandcouldincreasecropproduction."

Pollinationbywildandmanagedinsectsisimportantformostcrops，includingthoseprovidingbasicmicronutrients，andisimportantforfoodsecurity，thestudynotes.IntheUS，theproductionofcropsthatdependonpollinatorsgeneratesmorethan$50billionayear.Accordingtorecentevidence，Europeanhoneybeesandsomenativewildbeespeciesareindecline.

At131farmsacrosstheUnitedStatesandinBritishColumbia，Canada，scientistscollecteddataoninsectpollinationofcropflowersandyields(产量)forapples，highbushblueberries，sweetcherries，tartcherries，almonds，watermelonandpumpkin.Ofthose，apples，sweetcherries，tartcherriesandblueberriesshowedevidenceofbeinglimitedbypollination，showingthatyieldsarecurrentlylowerthantheywouldbewithfullpollination.Wildbeesandhoneybeesprovidedsimilaramountsofpollinationformostcrops.

Theannualproductionvalueofwildpollinationsforallsevencropswasanestimated$1.5billion-plusintheUS.Thevalueofwildbeepollinationforallpollinator-dependentcropswouldbemuchgreater.

“Ourfindingsshowedthatthedeclineofpollinatorscouldtranslatedirectlyintodecreasedyieldsformostofthecropsstudied，”thestudysays.Thefindingssuggestthatadoptingpracticesthatprotectwildbees，suchasincreasingwildflowersandusingmanagedpollinatorsotherthanhoneybees，islikelytoraiseyields.Increasinginvestmentinhoneybeecolonies(群落)isanotherpossiblechoice.

语篇解读这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，作为授粉者的蜜蜂数量的下降会导致农作物减产。

5．WhichofthefollowingwillRachaelWinfreeagreewith

A．Foodsecurityhasnothingtodowithpollinators.

B．Morepollinationleadstohighercropproduction.

C．Honeybeeswilldisappearfromtheearthsoon.

D．Wildbeeshavebetterpollinationabilitythanhoneybees.

答案B

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wefoundthatmanycropsarepollination-limited，meaningcropproductionwouldbehigherifcropflowersreceivedmorepollination."可知，RachaelWinfree认为如果作物花朵得到更多的授粉，作物产量将会更高，所以她会赞同“更多授粉能带来更高的作物产量”。故选B。

6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“generates"inparagraph3mean

A．Wastes.

B．Creates.

C．Spends.

D．Experiences.

答案B

解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前句可知，昆虫授粉对粮食安全很重要，结合画线词后的“morethan$50billionayear”可知，此处是描述依赖授粉的作物每年所创造的产值，以进一步说明授粉的重要性，故可推知generates意为“创造，产生”，故选B。

7．HowwillanapplegrowerintheUSfeelwhenreadingthistext

A．Excited.

B．Relieved.

C．Worried.

D．Embarrassed.

答案C

解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“Ofthose，apples，sweetcherries，tartcherriesandblueberriesshowedevidenceofbeinglimitedbypollination，showingthatyieldsarecurrentlylowerthantheywouldbewithfullpollination.”可知，由于授粉受限，如今在美国苹果的产量低于完全授粉条件下的产量，故推知在美国种植苹果的人读到这篇文章会感到担忧，故选C。

8．What’sthepurposeofthetext

A．Topresentaresearchfinding.

B．Toexplainhowtoraisebees.

C．Topresenttheworld’sfoodproblem.

D．Todescribetheprocessofpollination.

答案A

解析写作意图题。通读全文尤其是第一段和最后一段首句可知，本文介绍了一项研究发现，由于世界上大多数作物都依赖蜜蜂授粉，因此蜜蜂数量的下降会直接导致农作物减产，从而威胁到粮食安全。故本文目的是呈现一项研究发现，故选A。

Ⅱ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)

TheNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion,1.

(surround)byadvancingdesertsonthreesides，isoneofthemajorsourcesofsandstormswhichthreatennorthernChina.Theregionlackswaterresources2.

facesextremeweatherevents.Ifnoactions3.

(take)，theregionwillfacethethreatofbeingburiedbysandasno4.

(defend)canstoptheadvancingdesertsandrepetitivestrongsandstorms.

MorethanfourdecadesofeffortsagainstdesertificationinNingxiahavehelpeddevelopcrucialexperience.Growingdifferenttreesbasedondifferenthabitatsis5.

(critic)tomaintainingtheforests’qualityandsustainability.InShapotouDistrict，ZhongweiCity，wildshrubs(灌木)areplantedbecauseofthe6.

(extreme)lowgroundwater.Shrubshelplowerthewindspeed，preventingthetransportation7.

sandstoneighboringareas.Atthesametime，theorganisms8.

(live)ontheshrubsgraduallyformbiologicalsoilcoatstoholdthesandfirmly.

Bytheendof2020，Ningxia9.

(grow)510,000hectaresofforest，increasingforestcoveragefrom8.4percentin2000to15.8percent.During10.

“14thFive-YearPlan"period，Ningxiaplanstocreate96,000hectaresofforestandrestoreover66,000hectaresofgrassland.

1．答案surrounded

解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语构成被动关系，应用过去分词形式作定语。故填surrounded。

2．答案and

解析考查连词。前后文为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。

3．答案aretaken

解析考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，actions与take构成被动关系，且主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。故填aretaken。

4．答案defence/defense

解析考查名词。此处作从句的主语，表示“防御”，应用名词形式，故填defence/defense。

5．答案critical

解析考查形容词。此处作表语，表示“至关重要的”，应用形容词形式。故填critical。

6．答案extremely

解析考查副词。修饰后文形容词low应用副词作状语。故填extremely。

7．答案from

解析考查介词。结合句意表示“从……到……”短语为from...to...。故填from。

8．答案living

解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，live在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语organisms构成主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填living。

9．答案hadgrown

解析考查时态。根据时间状语Bytheendof2020可知，应用过去完成时。故填hadgrown。

10．答案the

解析考查冠词。此处特指“十四五"期间，应用定冠词the。故填the。SectionⅢUnderstandingideas

_________

Step1速读——整体理解文意

Ⅰ.明文章大意

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage

A．Darwin’sinterestinvariousthingsmadehimagreatnaturalist.

B．Darwin’sjourneyontheBeagleinspiredhistheoryofevolution.

C．WhyDarwinwaschosentogoonajourneywiththecaptainoftheBeagle.

D．Darwinwentonajourneytoconfirmhistheorythathumanshadevolvedovertime.

答案B

Ⅱ.悉篇章结构

Step2细读——深度获取细节

1．WhatcanwelearnaboutCharlesDarwinfromthepassage

A．CharlesDarwinwasnotanexcellentgraduatefromthemedicalschool.

B．CharlesDarwinwaswellreceivedbythecaptain.

C．AllhisachievementsbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.

D．CharlesDarwinexplainedhistheoryimmediatelyhecameback.

答案A

2．WhywasDarwin’sroomontheshipcrowdedwithsamplesofplantsandanimals

A．Hewasinterestedinthem.

B．Hewouldsendthemtohisfriendsasgifts.

C．Hewouldstudytheirinfluencesontheenvironment.

D．Thecaptainorderedhimtodoso.

答案A

3．WhydidDarwin’sbookOntheOriginofSpeciescauseastorm

A．BecauseDarwin’sfatherconsidereditafailure.

B．Becausethebookreferredtosomethingabouthumans.

C．Becausep