新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程B3U6 Section B

Unit6Theeconomy:powerbehindeverydaylifeHungerisnottheworstfeatureofunemployment;idlenessis.—WilliamE.Barrett(Americanwriter)读写教程3SectionBReadingskillsDetailedstudyofthetextReading

comprehensionCollocation新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Section

BRecognizingdefinitionsinatextThedecodingofawrittenwordorphraseisaveryimportantaspectoftheactofreading.Withoutdecodingtheimportantwrittenwordsorphrases,readingcomprehensionisimpossible.Thisexplainswhysomereaderscan“read”butcannotunderstandwhattheyarereading.Sometimestheauthoroffersthereaderthedefinitionsofdifficultwrittenwordsorphrasesincontexttofacilitateunderstanding.Ifthereadercanrecognizethedefinitionsandintegratewhatisreadwiththeirpriorknowledge,common新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3ReadingskillsSection

BRecognizingdefinitionsinatextsense,etc.,thewordsorphrasescanbeeasilydecoded.Usually,definitionsmaybedevelopedinthefollowingways.•Adefinitiontypicallystartswiththemeaningofaterm.Themeaningisthenexplainedwithaseriesofdetails.•Adefinitionmaybedevelopedthroughexamples.•Adefinitionmaybedevelopedthroughcomparisonandcontrast.•Adefinitionmaybedevelopedbydescribinghowacertaineventhappens.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3ReadingskillsSection

BRecognizingdefinitionsinatextTakethesentencesfromTextA,forexample.Example1

Shewaspartofahard-luckgroupofjoblesspeoplewhocalledthemselves“99ers”,becausetheyhadexhaustedthemaximum99weeksofunemploymentinsurancebenefitsthattheycouldclaim.(Para.4)Question:Whoarethe“99ers”?Answer:The“99ers”areahard-luckgroupofjoblesspeoplewho新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3ReadingskillsSection

BRecognizingdefinitionsinatexthaveexhaustedthemaximum99weeksofunemploymentinsurancebenefitsthattheycouldclaim.Theauthorprovidesthemeaningof“99ers”byexplaininghowpeoplebecame“99ers”inthecrisis.Example2

Modestpaymentsofunemploymentbenefitswerealifelinethatenabledpeoplewhowereoutofworktomaintainatleastanappearanceofnormalcy,keepingaroofovertheirheads,putting新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3ReadingskillsSection

BRecognizingdefinitionsinatextgasintheircars,andpayingelectricandphonebills.(Para.5)Question:Whatdoes“lifeline”meaninthisparticularcontext?Answer:“Lifeline”inthecontextmeanssomethingthatenablespeoplewhoareoutofworktomaintainatleastanormallife.Theauthorhereusesanattributiveclausetoexplainwhata“lifeline”means.Question:Whatdoes“normalcy”refertointhetext?Answer:“Normalcy”inthetextreferstothenormalliving新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3ReadingskillsSection

BRecognizingdefinitionsinatextconditionsinwhichpeopleareabletokeeparoofovertheirheads,putgasintheircars,payelectricandphonebills,etc.Theauthorexplainsthemeaningof“normalcy”bygivingspecificexamples.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3ReadingskillsSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Readingskills1ReadTextBandanswerthequestionsbetweentheparagraphs.Thentrytoidentifyhowthedefinitionsofthetermsaredevelopedinthecontext.

SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程31Economicbubblesoccurwhen,foranynumberofreasons,excessiveinvestmentincommodities(suchasoil),securities(suchasstocksandbonds),realestate,orcollectibles

drivesuppriceswellbeyondtheitem’sintrinsicvalue.Theinevitableresultofthisboominpriceisacrashorbust.Economicbubbles:causesandconditionsDetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Thepricefallssharplyonceitbecomesclearthatithasgrownfarbeyondthepurchasingpowerofpotentialcustomers.Q1Whatare“economicbubbles”?DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程32Speculatorsriskmoneyinsuchinvestmentsbecausetheyhopethatthepriceofanassettheypurchasewillquicklyincrease.Sincemostspeculatorsarenervousaboutwheretheyinvesttheirmoney,bubblesarebynomeansthenorm.Afterall,everyinvestmententailstheriskthatitisoverpriced.Speculatorsalsoknowthatrisingpriceswillencourageeithergreaterproductionofacommodityorgreaterwillingnessofcurrentownerstosell.Eitheroftheseconditionscanserveasa“negativefeedback”mechanismthatadjustspricesdownward.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Asananalogy,thinkofnegativeeconomicfeedbacklikeyoureyes.Asthelightgetsbrighter,yourpupilsgetsmallerandletinlesslight.Butwhatif,instead,youreyesworkedasa“positivefeedback”mechanism?Insunlight,yourpupilswouldopenwideanddamageyoureyes.Q2Whatisthe“negativefeedbackmechanism”oftheeconomy?DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程33Economicbubblesoccurwhenpricestrendingsharplyupwardspurpositive,ratherthannegative,feedback.Forwhateverreason(fearofshortages,greed,anexcessivelyoptimisticattitudetowardthefuture,orflawsintheanalysisofanasset’sunderlyingvalue),buyersbelievethatthevalueoftheassetwillcontinuetorise.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Ifthepricerises,overlyenthusiasticspeculatorsbuymore,orthosewhomissedoutonthelowerpriceflocktobuybeforethepricerisesanyhigher.Theforemostexplanationisthe“greaterfooltheory”:Buyersjustifytheirpurchasesbyassuringthemselvestheywillfind“agreaterfool”whowillpayevenmore.Buyerenthusiasminfectsotherbuyers,amplifyingtheeffectevenfurther.Undertherightconditions,pricescanreachdizzyingheightsbeforefalling.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Onefamousexampleisthetulip-buyingbubblewhichhappenedintheNetherlandsinthe1630swhenasingletulipbulbcouldcostayear’ssalary.Q3Whatisthe“greaterfooltheory”?DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程34Mostbubblesareeasilyassimilatedoravertedbyanelasticmarket.Providedthebubbleissmallenough,thelosersearnwisdominretrospect,andthewinnersearnalotofmoney.Buttheeffectsofabubblemightbecomecumulativeifmanyownersofanoverpricedassetfeelrichandspendfoolishly,especiallyinaperiodofderegulation.Imaginethis:Youbuyahousefor$200,000,forwhichyouborrowed$160,000beforehand.Youhave$40,000inequityinthehouse.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Overthenextfiveyears,themarketappraisalrisesto$500,000.Nowyouhave$340,000inequity($500,000–$160,000),soyouborrowanother$240,000fromabankusingthisequitytosecuretheloan.Youstillhave$100,000inequityinyourhome,andyouhave$240,000tospend.Yousuddenlyfeellessneedtobeeconomicalwithyourpurchasesandallocatemoremoneyforthingslikeavacationhomeandanewcar.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程35Butequityisnotrevenue.Themarketholdslongenoughforyoutospendthemoney.Thenitcrashesandthevalueofyourhomefallsto$325,000.Nowyouhavenegativeequityandowethebank$400,000.Soyoudefaultonyourloanandgiveyourhouse,car,andvacationhometothebank.Ifthissituationiswidespread,itcanculminateinthefailureofthosebanksandasevereblowtothelendingneededtogrowtheeconomy.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程36Therearealsostockmarketbubbles.Inanormalmarket,investorsbuystockinacompanybecausetheyanticipatethatfutureprofitswillbecomedividendsandtheybelievethevalueofthecompany’sassetswillincrease.Sometimes,though,a“herd

mentality”sets

inandtoomanybrokersrushtobuy,drivingpriceslikemercuryupathermometertolevelsthatproveunrealistic.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Eventually,itbecomesclearthatfurtherincreasesarenotforthcomingandpricedeteriorationdevelops,followedbyaswiftdrop.Whenthishappenstotoomanycompaniesinaggregate,itiscalledastockmarketcrash.Q4Howis“herdmentality”definedhere?Q5Whatisa“stockmarketcrash”?DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程37Astrikingexampleofastockmarketbubbleisthe“dot-com”bubble.ThebuzzabouttheeconomicpossibilitiesoftheInternetencouragedinvestorstofundthecreationofmanydot-comcompanies–toomany,itturnedout.Forseveralyears,dozensofentrepreneurssoughttoduplicateforthemselvestheresultsofthosethathadcomebefore.ManyinvestorsenvisagedwealthforanybusinesswithawebsitethatcouldadvertiseonTVorbillboards,evenifitsactualserviceswereambiguous.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3Instead,onMarch10,2000,thedot-comboomreacheditspeakwhenthestockindexhit5,132.52.Overthenexttwoandahalfyears,theindexdroppedtoaslowas1,108.49.Veryfewcompaniesbuckedthetrend.Mosthadblunderedintoawfulfinancialdifficulties,sellingofftheirassetstohealthiercompanies.Q6Whatisthe“dot-combubble”?DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程38Bubblesarenotlimitedtothearenaofrealestateor“get-rich”stockofferings.Inthe1990s,aseriesofstuffedanimaltoysbecamesuchafadthatspeculatorsboughtuplargequantities,assumingthattheirvalueascollectibleswouldcontinuetorise.Didanyonemakemoneyonthatfad?Ifyoucheckouttheirpricesonanonlineauctionsite,youcandecidewhetheranyofthesesellershavestruckitrich.DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Economicbubbleshappenifexcessiveinvestmentinproducts(suchasoil),securities(suchasstocksandbonds),realestate,orcollectiblescausespricestogofarbeyondtheitem’srealvalue.Thereasonsforeconomicbubblescouldvary.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

anynumberofsth.:alotofsth.好多某事物

Friedchickencanbepreparedinanynumberoftastyways.炸

鸡可以做成很多种好吃的口味。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

commodity:n.[C]aproductthatisboughtandsold商品

Crudeoilisoneoftheworld’smostimportantcommodities.原油

是世界上最重要的商品之一。

DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

estate:n.1)[C](BrE)anareaoflandwithalotofhousesorfactoriesofthe

sametypeonit住宅区；工业区；工厂区

Heandhisfamilylivedinahousingestaterightintheoutskirts

ofthecity.他和家人住在市郊的住宅区。

DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程32)[sing.](law)allofsb.’spropertyandmoney,esp.everything

thatisleftaftertheydie个人全部财产；（尤指）遗产Somepeoplegivealargerportionoftheirestatetocharitybecausetheyaredoingwellfinancially.有些人财务状况较好，

于是将大部分财产捐给慈善事业。

DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

realestate:n.[U](alsorealty)(esp.AmE)propertyintheform

oflandorhouses房地产；不动产

Beforeyoustartinvestinginrealestate,it’simportanttohaveasolidfinancialfoundation.在开始投资房地产之前，重要的是

你要拥有雄厚的财力基础。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

collectible:(alsocollectable)n.[C]anyobjectthatpeoplecollectasahobbyoraninvestment

收藏品

Tomorrowmorninghewillbehereforourmonthlyantiquesandcollectiblesradioprogram.明天上午他将会来这儿，参

加我们每月一次的古玩和收藏品广播节目。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

a.worthcollectingbecauseitisbeautifulormaybecomevaluable

值得收藏（或收集、采集）的Thesehardcoverbookswereprintedinverysmallquantitiesandareverycollectibletoday.这些精装书印量很小，现在非

常具有收藏价值。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

drivesth.up:makeapriceoramountrisetoahigherlevel提高

（价格）；增加（数量）Therearemanyproblemswiththesupplychain,whichwilldrivethepriceup.供应链存在很多问题，这会导致涨价。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

intrinsic:a.beingpartofthenatureorcharacterofsb.orsth.本

质的；内在的；固有的Byactuallyseeingthetrailofcashflowyouwillcometounderstandtheintrinsicrelationshipbetweenearningandspending.实际看一下现金流的记录，你就会理解收入和支出

之间的内在联系。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

boom:n.[C]1)anincreaseinamount,frequency,orsuccess增长

Themassiveboomincarownershipandrapiddevelopmentof

thetransportsector,ingeneral,spurreddomesticauto

production.轿车拥有量的巨大增长和交通运输业的快速发

展，总体上促进了国内汽车生产。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

2)anincreaseineconomicactivity,e.g.inthenumberofthings

thatarebeingboughtandsold（经济）繁荣

Theincreasedpopularityofsocialmediaandmobileappscontributestotheboomofe-commerce.社交媒体和移动应用

程序的日益流行促进了电子商务的兴盛。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

bust:

n.[C]aperiodofeconomicdifficultyordepression经济萧条

（或不景气）时期AneconomicbustisaperiodofsteepdeclineinGDP.经济萧

条时期是指国内生产总值急剧下降的一段时期。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3vt.(BrEbust,bust;esp.AmEbusted,busted)(infml.)breaksth.

打烂；打碎；弄坏

Ittookhimonlyafewminutestofindarockandbustthejarto

getthedrowningchildout.他只花了几分钟就找了块石头砸

碎了缸，把落水的孩子救了出来。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBEconomicbubblesoccurwhen,foranynumberofreasons,excessiveinvestmentincommodities(suchasoil),securities(suchasstocksandbonds),realestate,orcollectiblesdrivesuppriceswellbeyondtheitem’sintrinsicvalue.Thisdefinitionof“economicbubbles”isdevelopedbydescribingthecausesandeffectsof“economicbubbles”.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Speculatorstaketheriskofinvestingtheirmoneyinsuchareasbecausetheyhopethatthepriceofanassettheypurchasewillquicklyincrease.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★speculator:n.[C]sb.whobuysgoods,property,sharesina

company,etc.,hopingthattheywillmakealargeprofitwhen

theysellthem投机者

Onespeculatortoldmethatoilwouldhit$200abarrelwithin

minutes.一位投机者告诉我，油价会在几分钟内达到每桶

200美元。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Theeconomicbubblesarenotusual,becausemostspeculatorsworryabouttheirinvestment.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★bynomeans/notbyanymeans:notatall绝不；一点儿都不Wearenowbeginningtodiscoverthatthisisonlypartofthe

problemandbynomeansthemostdifficultpart.我们现在开始

发现这只是问题的一部分，而且绝不是最难的一部分。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Afterall,everyinvestmentinvolvestheriskofbeingratedhigherthanitsrealvalue.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★entail:vt.involvesth.asanecessaryorinevitablepartor

consequence使成为必需；使成为必然

Hisnewjobasasalespersonisagreatopportunityforhis

career,butitwillentailmanyhoursontheroadeveryday.担任

销售员的新工作对他的职业生涯来说是个很好的机会，但

这也意味着每天要在路上花很多时间。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Speculatorsalsoknowthatrisingpriceswillencouragetheproducertoexpandtheirproductionofacommodityorpromptthecurrentownerstobemorewillingtosell.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★feedback:n.[U]

1)themodificationorcontrolofaprocessorsystembyitsresults

oreffects,e.g.inabiochemicalpathwayorbehavioralresponse

（生化途径或行为反应等的）反馈

Thepositivepsychologicalfeedbackmotivatesustocontinuetacklingthesamechallenge,evenwhenweknowwemayfacesetbacksalongtheway.积极的心理反馈激励我们继续应对

同样的挑战，即使我们知道在这个过程中可能会遇到挫折。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

2)advice,criticism,orinformationabouthowgoodorusefulsth.

orsb.’sworkis反馈的意见（或信息）

Customerfeedbackisessentialforimprovingproductsand

services,andforidentifyingandcorrectinganyproblemsatan

earlystage.客户反馈对改善产品和服务很重要，对在早期

发现和纠正各种问题不可或缺。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Let’scomparenegativeeconomicfeedbacktoyoureyes.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextNoteHereacomparisonisusedtoillustratehowtheeconomicfeedbackmechanismworks.SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★analogy:n.[C,U]acomparisonbetweentwosituations,

processes,etc.thatisintendedtoshowthatthetwoaresimilar比

拟；比喻；类比

Toexplaintoherstudentshowthehumanheartworks,the

teacherdrewananalogybetweenthehumanheartandapump.

为了给学生解释人的心脏是如何工作的，老师将人的心脏和

水泵进行了类比。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★letsb./sth.in:allowsb.orsth.toenter允许…进入

Hehadthewindowopentoletinfreshair.他把窗户开着，让新

鲜空气进来。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Butwhatwouldhappenifyoureyesworkedasa“positivefeedback”mechanism?新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSentencestructurenote“Whatif…”结构用于询问在特定情境下会发生什么，通常译为“要是……，那怎么办？”或“如果……，那会怎样？”。例如：WhatiftheInternetstoppedworking?如果互联网停止工作，会怎么样？WhatifWorldWarIIhadneverhappened?要是没有发生过第二次世界大战，会是什么样子？SectionBItisamechanismthatadjustspricesdownwardwhenrisingpricesencourageeithergreaterproductionofacommodityorgreaterwillingnessofcurrentownerstosell.Inordertomaketheconceptclear,ananalogyisusedtoillustratehowtheeconomicfeedbackmechanismworks.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Economicbubblesoccurifpricesthatarerisingrapidlycreateapositivefeedbackinsteadofanegativeone.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextNoteThewordtrendhereisusedasaverbwhichmeans“showaparticulartendency”.Forexample:Aftertwodaysoftreatment,hiswhitebloodcellcountistrendingdown.经过两天的治疗，他的白细胞数量呈下降趋势。SectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★spur:vt.1)causeorpromotethedevelopmentof;stimulate促使；促进；

刺激

Aneffectivesystemofinnovationandasupportiveinstitutional

environmentarerequiredtospurinnovation.促进创新需要有

效的创新体制和支持性的制度环境。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程32)(also~sb.on)encouragesb.ormakethemwanttodosth.激

励；鼓励

Competitivenesscanspurustoworkmorediligentlyand

becomemorededicated.好胜心可以激励我们更勤勉地工作，

也变得更专注。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Becauseofarangeofpotentialfactors,suchasbuyers’fearofshortages,astrongdesireformoremoney,anover-optimisticattitudetowardthefuture,ormistakesintheanalysisofanasset’struevalue,buyersbelievethatthevalueoftheassetwillkeepincreasing.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★greed:n.[U]astrongdesireformorefood,money,power,

possessions,etc.thanyouneed贪婪；贪心；贪欲

Greedisdestructivebecauseitunderminestrust.贪欲具有毁灭

性，因为它会破坏信任。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★flaw:n.[C]

1)amistakeorprobleminanargument,plan,setofideas,etc.

（论点、计划、思想等中的）错误，缺陷

Thenewproposalhassomefundamentalflawsthatneedto

beaddressedbeforeitcanbeimplemented.这个新提议存在

一些根本性的错误，在实施之前需要去解决。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

2)amistake,mark,orweaknessthatmakessth.imperfect瑕疵；

缺点

Ourflawsmakeuswhoweareandthat’swhatmakesevery

individualunique.我们的缺点造就了我们，这就是每个人

都独一无二的原因。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★underlying:a.1)(business)anunderlyingnumberoramountshowswhatthetrueamountorlevelofsth.is（数量或水平）实际的

Therewasafallintheunderlyingrateofinflationlastmonth.上个月实际的通货膨胀率有所下降。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

2)importantinasituationbutnotalwayseasilynoticedor

statedclearly根本的；潜在的；隐含的

Theunderlyingadvantagesofthissystemareeconomyin

operationandeliminationofallwaste.这套系统潜在的优

势在于运行经济、杜绝浪费。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Ifthepricerises,overenthusiasticspeculatorsmaybuymore,andthosewholosttheopportunitytobuytheassetatalowerpricemayrushtobuybeforethepricerisesevenhigher.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

flock:vi.gathertogetherinalargegroup,usu.becausethereissth.interestingorexciting（通常因某种有趣或刺激的事物而）

群集，聚集，蜂拥Peopleflockedtohearhimspeakatthecollegelecturehall.人

们成群结队去学校报告厅听他演讲。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3n.[C]agroupofbirds,sheep,orgoats（禽类、绵羊或山羊的）

一群

Therewasenoughfoodonthegroundtoattractahungryflock

ofbirds.地上有足够的食物来吸引一群饥饿的鸟儿。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Thebestexplanationisthe“greaterfooltheory”:Buyersconvincethemselvesthattheywillbeabletoselltheassettosomeoneelseforanevenhigherprice,andsotheirpurchasesareworthwhile.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

foremost:a.thebestormostimportant最好的；最重要的

Ourstudents’healthandwell-beinghasalwaysbeenforemostinourmindsatourschool.在我们学校，学生的身心健康始终是

我们最关心的事情。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

justify:vt.

1)giveanacceptableexplanationforsth.thatotherpeoplethink

isunreasonable证明（别人认为不合理的事）有道理；

为…辩护

Somestudieshaveshownthatwhenyouareangry,yourmind

seekstojustifyyouranger.一些研究表明，当你在气头上

时，你内心在试图为发火开脱。

DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程32)beagoodandacceptablereasonforsth.是…的正当理由

Nothingjustifiestreatingotherswithdisrespectorcontempt.

没有任何理由可以正当化对他人的不尊重或轻蔑。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Enthusiasmspreadsamongbuyers,whichincreasestheeffectevenfurther.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

infect:vt.

1)makeotherpeoplehavethefeelingorideathatyouhave（在

感情或思想上）感染，影响（他人）

Hetriedtoinfectthemwithhisownenthusiasmforsocial

work.他尝试以自己对社会工作的热情来感染他们。

DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程32)makesb.getadisease,thatcanbespreadfromonepersontoanother使传染；使感染

Itwasreportedthatachildwasinfectedwithunknownbacteria

afterswimminginthesea.有报道说，一个孩子在海里游泳

后感染了未知细菌。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

amplify:vt.1)(fml.)increasetheeffectsorstrengthofsth.增强

Peopleoftenusespicestoamplifytheflavoroffoodssuchas

meat,fish,andvegetables.人们常用香料来提升肉、鱼和蔬

菜等食物的味道。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程32)makesoundlouder,esp.musicalsound放大（声音，尤指音

乐声）Thelargestpartoftheviolinisthehollowbody,whosemain

functionistoamplifythesoundofthestrings.小提琴最大的

部分是空心琴身，其主要作用是放大琴弦的声音。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Undertherightconditions,pricescanreachanextremelyhighlevelbeforefalling.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBBuyersjustifytheirpurchasesbyassuringthemselvesthattheywillfind“agreaterfool”whowillpayevenmore.Thedefinitionofthe“greaterfooltheory”startswiththemeaningoftheterm,andthenisfollowedbyanexplanationandonefamousexample.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeaning:Mostbubblesareeasilyabsorbedorpreventedbyaflexiblemarket.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

assimilate:

v.(causesth.to)becomeabsorbedintothebodyafterdigestion

（使某物）经消化而吸收

Weexpendenergyindigestingandassimilatingfood.我们消

化和吸收食物需要消耗能量。vt.fullyunderstandanideaorsomeinformationsothatyouare

abletouseityourself透彻理解；消化；吸收

Thecommitteewillneedtimetoassimilatethisreport.委员

会需要时间来透彻理解这份报告。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

avert:vt.preventsth.unpleasantfromhappening防止，避免

（不快之事）

Thediplomatictalknarrowlyavertedawar.这次外交谈判勉强

避免了一场战争。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

★

elastic:a.1)abletochangewhenthesituationchanges易顺应的；灵活的；

随意的

Demandforcomfortsisgenerallymoreelasticthanthatfor

necessitiesandlesselasticthanthedemandforluxuries.总体

而言，人们对舒适品的需求比对必需品的需求弹性大，但

比对奢侈品的需求弹性小。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionB新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程3

2)abletoreturntoitsnormalorprevioussizeorshapeafterbeing

pulledorpressed有弹性的；有弹力的

Hereachedintohispocketandpulledoutabundleofnotes

heldtogetherbyanelasticband.他把手伸进口袋里，掏出一

捆用橡皮筋绑在一起的便条。DetailedstudyofthetextSectionBMeani