2024届中考英语一轮复习：被动语态 讲义-中考英语专项复习时态和语态

被动语态

当主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。

被动语态的构成

1.被动语态的构成形式是：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、时态和

数的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。现以ask为例，将八种时态的

被动语态的肯定式、否定式和疑问式列表如下：

肯定式否定一疑问式

1amnotasked...

1amasked...Am1asked...?

He/Sheisnotasked...

一般现在时He/Sheisasked...Ishe/sheasked...?

We/You/Theyarenot

We/You/Theyareasked...Arewe/you/theyasked...?

asked...

I/He/Shewasnotasked...

I/He/Shewasasked...Wasl/he/sheasked...?

般过去时We/You/Theywerenot

We/You/Theywereasked...Werewe/you/theyasked...?

asked...

1ambeingasked...1amnotbeingasked...Am1beingasked...?

He/Sheisbeingasked...He/Sheisnotbeingasked...Ishe/shebeingasked...?

现在进行时

We/You/TheyarebeingWe/You/TheyarenotbeingArewe/you/theybeing

asked...asked...asked...?

I/He/Shewasnotbeing

I/He/Shewasbeingasked...Wasl/he/shebeingasked...?

asked...

过去进行时We/You/TheywerebeingWerewe/you/theybeing

We/You/Theywerenot

asked...asked...?

beingasked...

I/He/She/We/You/Theywill

I/He/She/Ws/You/TheywillWilll/he/she/we/you/they

notbeasked...

一般将来时beasked...beasked...?

I/Weshall/wilnotbe

I/Weshall/willbeasked...Shall/Willl/webeasked...?

asked...

I/He/She/Ws/You/TheyI/He/She/We/You/TheyWouldl/he/she/we/you/they

wouldbeas<ed...wouldnotbeasked...beasked...?

过去将来时

I/Weshould/wouldbeI/Weshould/v/ouldnotbeShould/Wouldl/webe

asked...asked...asked...?

I/We/You/Theyhavenot

l/We/You/Theyhavebeen

beenasked...Havel/we/you/theybeen

asked...

现在完成时He/Shehasnotbeenasked...?

He/Shehasbeenasked...

asked...Hashe/shebeenasked...?

I/He/She/We/You/Theyhad1/He/She/WeAou/TheyhadHadl/he/she/we/you/they

过去完成时

beenasked...notbeenasked...beenasked...?

2.含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词

>Teenagersshouldbeallowedtomaketheirowndecisions.

>Yourhomeworkmustbehandedintoday.

>Aconcertwillbeheldnextmonth.

>Maythetreesbeplantedbehindthehouse.

被动语态的用法

1.强调动作的承受者

>HisspokenEnglishhasbeenimprovedgreatly.

>Theyweregivenasecondchance.

>TheseletterswillbesenttoMissWhite.

2.当不知道或没必要说明谁是动作的发出者时

>Sometentshavebeenputupatthefootofthemountain.

>Anewschoolisbeingbuilthere.

>Airconditionersarewidelyusedinourdailylife.

3.当动作的发出者带有较长的修饰语时

>Thenovelwaswrittenbyayoungladywhowasdisabledbecauseofan

accident.

>Theadvicewasacceptedbythestudentswhohaddifficultyingettingalong

withothers.

>Ihavebeeninvitedtoahousewarmingpartybythenewneighborwho

camefromSouthAfrica.

主动语态转换为被动语态

1.主语+及物动词+宾语

❖Thegovernmenttakemanymeasurestopreventpollution.

—>Manymeasuresaretakentopreventpollution.

Myfatherfixedupthebike.

—>Thebikewasfixedupbymyfather.

2.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

(1)主动句中的宾补变为被动句中的主补

❖Wesawhimout.

—>Hewasseenout.

❖Shehaskeptuswaitingforanhour.

—>Wehavebeenkeptwaitingforanhour.

(2)主动句中用带to的不定式作宾补，转换为被动句时要加上to(let除外)

❖Canyoumakethiswatchwork?

—>Canthiswatchbemadetowork?

❖Iheardtheboyplaythedrums.

—>Theboywasheardtoplaythedrums.

3.主语+及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语

(1)这一句型转换成被动句时，直接宾语和间接宾语都可用作被动句的主语

*Theoldmangaveusmuchhelp.

—>Weweregivenmjchhelpbytheoldman.(间接宾语转化成主语)

—>Muchhelpwasgiventousbytheoldman.(直接宾语转化成主语)

，注意:当直接宾语转化为被动句的主语,间接宾语可以直接位于动词之后,也可以由介

词to或for引出。在间接宾语前加uton,这类动词有:give,offer,lend,pass,promise,

tell等;在间接宾语前加“for”,这类动词有:buy,cook,get,make<J

❖OurteachertaughtusEnglishsongs.

—>Englishsongsweretaughtusbyourteacher.(直接宾语转化成主语)

—>WeweretaughtEnglishsongsbyoutteacher.(间接宾语转化成主语)

(2)并非所有的间接宾语都可作为被动句的主语

❖ShewroteMissGreenaletter.

—>AletterwaswrittentoMissGreenbyher.(Y)

MissGreenwaswrittenaletterbyher.(x)

(3)宾语从句不能作为被动句的主语

❖Myfriendstoldmewhereweweregoingtomeet.

—>Iwastoldwhereweweregoingtomeetbymyfriends.W)

—>Wherewegoingtomeetwastoldmebymyfriends.(x)

主动形式表示被动含义

1.在主语是物的句子中，谓语动词是由某些及物动词转化来的比及物动词，如：sell,clean,

write,wash等。这些不及物动词的主动形式常表被动含义。

❖Thebooksellswell.

❖Theseclotheswasheasily.

❖Mypenwritessmoothly.

2.“need/require/want*动名词”结构表被动含义。

❖Yourhairneedscutting.

❖Theplantwantsv/ateringeveryday.

❖Thisproblemrequiresdiscussingindetail.

3."beworths动名词”结构表被动含义

❖Themovieisworthwatching.

*Thebookisworthreadingagain.

4.感官动词作如feel,smell,sound,taste,look等作为系动词时，常表示被动含义。

❖Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.

❖Theseapplessmelldelicious.

❖Yourideasoundsgreat.

❖Thecaketastesgood.

❖Itlooksnice.

5.某些表示“发生(happen,takeplace,occur)"、“爆发(breakout,burstout)"或"传播"

的不及物动诃。

❖Awarbrokeoutinthiscountrylastweek.

❖Anaccidenthappenedatthefirstcrossingonthisstreet.

❖ThemeetingwilltakeplaceonthemorningofFricay.

不能变为被动语态的主动句

1.反身代词作宾语时

❖Theyenjoyedthemselvesverymuch.

。Heisalwaystalkingtohimself.

2.当宾语时相互代词时

❖Weshouldhelpeachother,especiallyinthetimesofdifficulty.

❖Mygrandparentsunderstandoneanotherperfectly.

3.当宾语前有一个与主语相对应的所有格或物主代词时

❖Hedidn'tlendhisbiketome.

❖Shecriedhereyesout.

4.当宾语时行为者某一部分或官感时

❖Thelittlegirlwavedherhandstohermother.

❖Heshookhisheadtiredly.

5.某些表示所有关系或状态的及物动词不能变为被动语态，如：have,possess,cost,benefit,

suit等

。Ihavetwobasketballsandonefootball.

❖Thebookcostme20dollars.

❖Mybestfriendpossessesalotofgoodqualities.

练习：

1.-AreyougoingtoCindy'sbirthdaypartytomorrow?

-I'mnotsure.IwillgowithyouifI_.

A.willinviteB.inviteC.willbeinvitedD.aminvited

2.Becauseiteveryday,thefloorisveryclean.

A.cleanedB.willcleanC.wascleanedD.iscleaned

3.-Don'tsmokehere,please.Smokinginpublicplaces.

-Oh,sorry.I'llstoprightnow.

A.isn'tallowedB.aren'tallowedC.doesn'tallowD.allow

4.Ournewlibrarylastyear.Weenjoyreadingandstudyinginit.

A.buildsB.builtC.isbuiltD.wasbuilt

5.Manyhousesbythefloodandthousandsofpeoplewerelefthomeless.

A.damagedB.weredamagedC.weredamagingD.aredamaged

6.Somestudentsinthisschool_abroadasexchangestudentseveryyear.

A.sentB.sendC.aresentD.sending

7.Toeveryone'sgreatsurprise,thef