译林版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT1泛读技能初养成学案

泛读。技能初养成Extendedreading

「AZDUJlZEZGUIILJYAZGCMHFTrT］

L课文理解一

阅读“Extendedreading”中的材料，选出最佳选项

1.Whythelecturementionedashipwithoutananchor?

A.Tostresstheimportanceofprocesses.

B.Tostresstheimportanceofresponsibility.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofsuccesses.

D.Tostresstheimportanceoffailures.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichdoesnotbelongtothemeaningoftaking

responsibilityforstudents,studies?

A.Topracticethevirtueofcourage.

B.Tomeetdeadlinesforyourhomework.

C.Tofollowyourteachers，guidance.

D.Toaimforacademicexcellence.

［答案］1—2BA

口要点直击一

知识要点1resi/na&式,辞职，辞去

［例］Somebodyintheknowtoldmehe'sgoingtoresign.

有知情者告诉我他要辞职了。

［知识拓展］

(1)resign(one'spost)as...辞去……职务

resignassth.辞职；辞去（某职务）

resignoneselfto听任（某种影响）；只好（做某事）

resignoneselfto(doing)sth.听任；顺从

(2)resignedadj.屈服的；顺从的；无奈的

(3)resignationn.辞职；辞呈

［即学即练］单句语法填空

©Hehadresignedhimselftowatching(watch)theEuropeanChampionshipson

television.

②HeresignedasHomeSecretaryandreturnediothebackbenches.

③Therewerecallsforherresignation(resign)fromtheboardofdirectors.

知识要点2guiltya靖.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的

［例1Thejuryfoundthedefendantnotguiltyoftheoffence.

陪审团裁决被告无罪。

［知识拓展］

⑴beguillyof犯....罪

be/feelguiltyabout...对....感到内疚

⑵guilt”.内疚；犯罪；罪行

［即学即练］单句语法填空

©Hewasfoundguiltyofhandlingstolengoods.

②Shefeelsguiltyaboutspendinglesstimelatelywithhertwokids.

知识要点3ashamed〃靖.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬

H列］Hisdaughterlookedsuchamessthathewasashamedofher.

他为女儿的遨遢样子感到羞愧。

［知识拓展］

(l)beashamedof(doing)sth.因(做了)某事而感到羞愧

beashamedtodosth.耻于做某事;因难为情而不愿做某事

beashamedthat...对....感到内疚

⑵shame”.羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事

⑶shameful〃的.不体面的

shamelessadj.不知羞耻的

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Shewasashamedolhavingfailed/Iailing(fail)intheexamination.

②Shewasashamedtotell(tell)anyonethatshehadfalleninlovewithhim.

③hisashamethatyoucan'tstaywithus.

知识要点4forgive〃&况.原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)

［例］1'dneverforgivemyselfifsheheardthetruthfromsomeoneelse.

如果她从别人那里听到了真相，我永远不会原谅自己。

［知识拓展］

(l)forgivesb.sth.原谅某人某事

forgivesb.for(doing)sth.因（做）某事原谅某人

forgiveandforget既往不咎

(2)forgivcncssn.原谅；饶恕

［即学即练］单句语法填空/完成句子

①Forgivemeforinterrupting(interrupt),butIreallydon'tagreewiththat.

②Wouldtheyforgiveandforgel(他们会既往不咎)orshowhimthedoor?

③Theywentdownontheirkneesandbeggedforforgiveness(forgive).

知识要点5disappointedQ切.失望的，沮丧的

［例］Hewasdisappointedtoseeshewasn,tattheparty.

看到她没来参加晚会，他感到很失望。

［知识拓展］

(l)disappointvt.使失望

(2)disappointingadj.令人失望的

(3)disappointmentn.失望；灰心

toone，sdisappointment令某人失望的是

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Theoutcomeofthecourtcasewasdisappointing(disappoint)forthefamily

involved.

②Toourgreatdisappointment(disappoint),itrainedeverydayofthetrip.

知识要点6pretend况.&式.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为

［例］Hepretendedtohisfamilythateverythingwasfine.

他对家人佯称一切都好。

I知识拓展I

pretendtodosth.假装做某事

pretendtobc+〃.自诩/自称/自认为

pretendtobedoingsth.假装正在做某事

pretendtohavedonesth.假装做了某事

pretendthat...假装

［即学即练］单句语法填空/完成句子

①Shepretendedtobestudying(study)whenhismothercameback.

②Theboypretendedtohavefallen(fall)asleepwhenhisfathercameback

③HeDretendedtobeareporter(他自称是名记者)andmanagedtogetin.

知识要点7mercyn.仁慈，宽恕

［例］Aftertheboat'smotorfailed,theywereatthemercyoftheweather.

船的马达坏了，他们只能听命于天气了。

［知识拓展］

(l)withoutmercy残忍地；毫无同情心地

atthemercyof任....处置，对....无能为力

showmercyto...，冷悯....

havemercyon对....表示怜悯

(2)mercifuladj.仁慈的；宽容的

mercilessadj.无情的，残忍的

［即学即练］单句语法填空/完成句子

①Heshowedmercytothethiefandlethimgo.

②YoutellmewhatIneedtoknowandfIIbeincrciful(meicy).

©Fishermenarealwaysatthemercyoftheforceofnalure(任由自然力量的摆

布).

知识要点8discouraged灰心的

［例］Learnerscanfeelverydiscouragedifanexerciseistoodifficult.

如果练习太难，学习者就可能感到很没信心。

［知识拓展］

(l)discouragevt.使丧失勇气；使泄气；使气馁；

阻拦，劝阻

discouragesb.fromdoingsth.劝阻某人做某事

(2)discouragementn.挫折，气馁，泄气，阻拦，扫兴(的事)

(3)discouragingadj.令人泄气的，令人沮丧的

［即学即练］单句语法填空

①Hisparentsdiscouragedhimfromioining(ioin)theairforce.

②Ifyoumeetwithanydifficultyinyourstudy,don'tbe

discouraged(discourage).

③Ishouldn，thavemadethosediscouraging(discourage)remarks.

重点句式not...without...

(教材原句Pi2)Amancannotbeperfectedwithouttrials.

一个人不经考验是不可能完美的。

句式分析：本句中的not...wilhout...意为“没有...就不能....”，是一个双

重否定结构，表示肯定。双重否定常用nol,never,nolhing加介词wilhoul或具

有否定意义的派生词来表示。

H列l］Shenevergoesanywherewithoutherlaptopcomputer.

她身边总是带着笔记本电脑。

［例2］AtthatmomentIknewifIsetmymindtosomething,nothingis

impossible.

在那一刻我意识到如果我下定决心做某件事，一切皆有可能。

［知识拓展］

(1)常见的双重否定结构还有：

no(not)...no(not)...没有...没有....

no/never...without...没有...不....

nothing...not/no...没有...不....

(2)常见的否定形式表示肯定意义的结构还有：

cannot/never...too...越...越....；无论....也不过分

can,twaittodosth.迫不及待地做某事

can'lhelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事

［即学即练］单句语法填空/完成句子

©Hearingtheword,hecannothelplaughing(laugh).

②Hardworkresultsinsuccessandyoucanachievenothingwithoutmakingany

的迎(你没有作出努力就不能实现任何事情).

③YoucannotbeIo。careful,你再怎么小心也不过分)whilecrossingthebusy

street.

r阅读技能n

篇章结构题

此类题目能全面地、深层次地考查学生的阅读理解能力。

解题技巧一把脉络看结构

篇章结构题主要是针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的展开层次所设置

的问题。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解

文章的结构；二是按写作手法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。设问形式常有：

(l)Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?

(2)Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganization/structurcofthe(whole)

passage?

因此这类题的解题方法也分为两种：

注意：

1.文章的段落组织通常采用“总一分，分一总，总一分一总”的框架。

2.内容的展开则常用以下手法：

(1)时间顺序：按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展情况；

(2)空间顺序：按照事物的空间结构顺序进行描写或说明；

(3)例证关系：列举事物用来论证观点，通常是数据、事例等；

(4)对比或类比关系：这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。

［例文］

Careersinzoologyareextremelyvariedandunique,andcanprovideincredible

learningandworkopportunitiesforanyonedevotedtoanimalstudiesand

welfare.Zoology,orthestudyofanimals,isawidefieldwithmanyspecialties,

includingresearch,conservation,veterinary(兽医的)medicine,andthecareof

animals.Forpeoplewithaloveofanimalsandsometraining,dreamsofcareersin

zoologymaycometrue.

Somecareersinzoologyfocusonresearchandscientificstudies.Thesecareers

mayallowthosewithagoodtheoreticalsciencebackgroundtodevelopandrun

studiesthatimprovehumanunderstandingoftheanimalworld.Researchinzoology

canhelpcreatesaferandmoreeffectiveproductsforanimalsorcanteachhumans

moreaboutanimalbehaviorinordertoaidinconservation,breedingprograms,and

habitatpreservation.

Careersinzoologythatfocusonconservationattachgreatimportancetothe

continuedsurvivalandincreasedprotectionofanimalspecies.Conservationistsmay

workwithpoliticalgroupsorgovernmentstohelpmakelawstoprotectandpreserve

animals,ormayworkinthefieldgatheringinformationonpotentialthreatstothe

healthofglobalecosystcms.Someconservationistsworkineducationalfields,trying

toimprovehumaneffortstosaveanimalsfromextinction.

Animalsaresubjecttoillnessandinjury,andsomecareersinzoologyhelpto

createasafe,stableanimalpopulation.Veterinarymedicineisanimportantspecialty

field,andmaytakeseveralyearsofintensivetrainingtoqualifyasacertified

veterinarian.Whilemanyveterinariansfocusonthesmall-animalpracticeofdomestic

pets,vetsinruralareasoftenworkwithlargefarmanimalsandmoreadventurous

veterinariansmayworkwithexoticspeciesinzoosandwildlifepreserves.

Humanslovetoobserveanimals,andmodern-dayzoosandwildlifepreserves

helpmeetthatinterestwhileprovidingfacilitiestoassistwithconservation

programs.Zoologycareersinzooscanrangefromoverseeingbreedingprograms,to

creatingtheproperdietforadeer,ortocleaningthetiger*scage.Manyvolunteerand

entry-leveljobsareavailableforpeoplethatloveanimals.

★Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholepassage?

(Pl=paragraph1；P2=paragraph2；P3=paragraph3；P4=paragraph4；P5

=paragraph5)

Pl

P2P41,2P3

CD

A［通读全文，把握各段大意可知：第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样

而独特的，是总述；第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工

作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野

生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。分

析每一段的关系发现：后面四个段落从不同的角度对第一段进行了分述，所以这

篇文章是“总一分”结构，A项图例符合文章结沟。故选A。1

［即学即练］

Antarcticanimalsareexposedtosomeofthecoldestenvironmentson

earth.Animalssurviveinthesesevereconditionsbyreducingthepercentageofbody

heatthatislosttotheenvironment.

ManyAntarcticanimalshaveeitherawindprooforwaterproofcoat.Emperor

penguinsareaverygoodexampleofthis.Thesebirdshavefourlayersofscale-like

feathers.Theselayersoverlapeachother,formingagoodprotectionfromthewind,

eveninsnowstormconditions.

Whales,sealsandsomepenguinshavethickfatlayers.Thisisalittlelike

coveringyourselfinablanket,butontheinside.Insomeanimalsthisisevenfurther

improved,withtheanimalsselectivelyabletoreducethebloodflowtothefat

layers.Thefurtherthebloodisfromtheskinsurface,thelesstheheatislost.Fatlayers

canalsobeusedasenergyreserves,forexample,maleelephantsealscanliveofftheir

fatreservesduringsummer.

ThetermuextremitiesMisusedtomeananybodypartthatisfurthestawayfrom

themainbody.Inhumans,ourhandsandfeetcountas"extremitiesTheseareoften

thefirstplacestofeelcold