一模前专题练02 阅读四选一之说明文-2026年高考《英语》冲刺复习三年真题解读四层模考

一模前专题练02阅读四选一说明文【体裁特点】说明文是指运用较为朴实的语言来客观地解释某个问题、某种现象类的文章。说明文的总体结构通常分为三个部分：说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结；从段落组织方式上分，常见的有以下五种结构：总分式结构(总→分→总；总→分；分→总)；并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)；对照式结构(结构形式是一正一反)；递进式结构(文章各部分内容形成一层更进一层的形式)；连贯式结构(说明的各层次之间是按照事物发张过程来安排层次，前后互相承接)。说明文常见的说明方法有：定义与诠释、举例与引用、分类与图表、比较与比喻和分析与综合等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清文章结构是解题的关键之一。【考情概览】近五年高考阅读理解C、D篇主要考查说明文，偶尔会出现议论文。说明文中科普说明文占比较大。高考说明文体裁的阅读材料通常多为科普读物(包括介绍最新科技、重大成就等)、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等等。高考阅读理解题中CD篇，特别是D篇是一道非常拉分的题。为什么会拉分，因为它难度大，具体体现在下列五个“难点”：一是熟词僻义、课标衍生词、某些专业术语让考生处处碰壁；二是篇幅长以及较多结构复杂的长难句让考生阅读时步履维艰；三是纷繁复杂的题材(甚至有些题材考生闻所未闻)让考生不知所云；四是复杂的篇章结构、说明/描述方式、方法的多样性、层次性让考生应接不暇。五是四类题型(细节理解题、推理判断题<包括篇章结构的推断>、主旨大意题以及词义猜测题)的全面考查让考生疲于奔命。【解题锦囊】1.快速浏览——整体把握说明对象如果文章有标题那首先就要抓住文章的标题明确说明对象；其次可抓住文章的结构归纳说明对象。一般说明文往往都会围绕一个主要问题或内容进行说明，而有的说明文则需要我们把小说明点归纳起来，构成全文的说明对象。2.先题再文——带着题干通读全文在对文章进行快速浏览之后，开始第二遍仔细阅读。在阅读前，需要先看题干，之后带着题干进行阅读，才能做到把握全局、有所侧重。3.精准定位——重点研读几个片段在仔细审读文章后，想必对文章已经有了深刻的印象与认识，此时再次回归问题，将考查内容(主要是细节理解题和推理判断题)在原文中定位，重点研读定位的几个片段。研读的重点是利用“三步法”结合简单句、并列句和复合句的知识破解与解题有关的长难句：抽丝剥茧找主干、条分缕析理枝叶、聚零为整破整句。破解长难句的基础是要了解长难句句型的特点：①带有较多附属成分的简单句；②含有多个分句的并列句；③含有多个分句的主从句；④复杂分句结构；⑤省略、倒装、虚拟、同位语、插入语等复杂语法现象。【典例】(与解题有关的)例句均选自【2024·浙江1月卷D篇】1.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.抽丝剥茧找主干：westillhavethesamebrains...,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhy...(我们的大脑仍然和……一样，而这种不匹配是……的核心原因)条分缕析理枝叶：Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus(但是，当我们重塑了周围的世界时)：as引导的是时间状语从句，整体修饰后面的主句。dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories(大大减少了获取卡路里所需的成本和努力)：现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充说明“重塑世界”带来的结果；其中“involvedinobtainingcalories”是过去分词短语，作后置定语修饰“thecostandeffort”。wehadthousandsofyearsago(我们几千年前所拥有的)：定语从句，修饰先行词“thesamebrains”，省略了关系代词that/which。whysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat(为什么我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物)：why引导宾语从句，作“theheartof”中介词of的宾语；其中“thatweknowweshouldn’teat”是定语从句，修饰先行词“temptingfoods”。聚零为整破整句：但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。2.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.抽丝剥茧找主干：weneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption(我们需要更仔细地考虑信息消耗)条分缕析理枝叶：Therefore(因此)：副词作逻辑衔接词，承接前文，表因果关系，不参与句子主干构成。justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption(就像我们需要更仔细地考虑热量消耗一样)：“justas”引导的比较状语从句，用于类比说明主句观点，属于句子的辅助说明部分。resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”(抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑)：现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充说明“更仔细地考虑信息消耗”时需同步做的动作。inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively(以便最有效地管理我们的时间)：不定式短语作目的状语，解释“抵制精神‘垃圾食品’”的最终目标。聚零为整破整句：因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑,以便最有效地管理我们的时间。3.We’renottempted(诱惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.抽丝剥茧找主干：We’renottempted(诱惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets(诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑)条分缕析理枝叶：破折号后面可以拆分成以下几个部分：—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformation(that引导的定语从句修饰allthedevices)(将我们连接到全球各种信息传递系统的所有设备)...thatdotous(that引导的定语从句修饰前面的information)(……对我们做的)whatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers(what引导的名词性从句表示“就像”)(就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童做的那样)聚零为整解整句：诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球各种信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。【典例】【2025·浙江1月卷C篇】Anoveldesignapproachtogardeninghasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.Plannerscreatedplantingmixesthatcouldbeusedmodularly(模块化).Inamatrixgarden,plantswithsimilarculturalneedsaregroupedsothattheywillgrowtogetheraboveandbelowground,formingacooperativeecosystemthatconserveswateranddiscouragesweeds.DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstotheplantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfour-seasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.Beautifulyear-round,theyinviteyoutoenjoythesmallestdetail,fromthesoundofgrassesinthegentlewindtothesculptureofodd-lookingseedheads.Ittakesalotofthoughttolookthisnatural.Whilematrixgardensappearwild,theyarecarefullyplanned,withculturalneedsthefirstconsideration.Ledbytheconceptof“rightplant,rightplace,”theymatchplantsthatenjoythesamesoil,sunandweatherconditions,andarrangethemaccordingtotheirpatternsofgrowth.Thebenefitsaresubstantialforbothgardenerandplanet.Withhumaninputsdramaticallyreduced,thegarden’secologycandevelopwell.Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducestormwaterrunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Eschewing”inthefirstparagraphmean?A.Runningoutof. B.Keepingawayfrom. C.Puttingupwith. D.Takingadvantageof.29.Whywastheideaofmatrixplantingintroduced?A.Tocontrolweedsinlargegardens. B.Tobringinforeignspeciesofplants.C.Toconservesoilandwaterresources. D.Todeveloplow-maintenanceparkland.30.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPietOudolf’sgardens?A.Traditional. B.Odd-looking. C.Tasteful. D.Well-protected.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ThefutureofgardeningisWILD. B.NaturetreatsalllivesasEQUALS.C.MatrixgardensneedmoreCARE. D.OldgardenplotsworkWONDERS.【答案】28.B29.D30.C31.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植。28.词义猜测题。根据上文“Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作)”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自身承接更多的工作；结合常识和划线词所在句“Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.(Eschewing化肥和电动工具，它基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”中“togardenmorelikenaturedoes”可推知，要像大自然那样进行园艺种植，让大自然自身承接更多的工作，就不需要使用化肥和电动工具。所以划线词“Eschewing”的意思是“避开、远离”，与“Keepingawayfrom.”同义，故选B项。29.细节理解题。根据题干中的“matrix”“planting”定位到第二段，根据其中“TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.(这个概念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且需要最少维护的方式种植大片公园绿地)”可知，引入矩阵种植的想法是为了开发低维护成本的公园绿地，故选D项。30.推理判断题。根据题干中的“PietOudolf’sgardens”定位到第三段，根据其中“DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstotheplantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfourseasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.(荷兰植物学家兼设计师PietOudolf的花园推广了这种风格，在种植组合中增添了艺术气息，同时玩转色彩和形态，四季都有看点，还满足了野生动物的需求)”可知，PietOudolf的花园有艺术气息，很有品味，故选C项。附录：长难句解析抽丝剥茧找主干：PietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle(皮特・奥多夫的花园推广了这种风格)条分缕析理枝叶：Dutchplantsmananddesigner(荷兰植物学家兼设计师)：名词短语作定语，修饰主语“PietOudolf”，明确人物身份。addingartisticflavorstotheplantingmixes(为种植组合增添了艺术气息)：现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充“推广风格”时的具体做法，是判断“有品味”的关键信息。whileplayingwithcolorandform(同时玩转色彩与形态)：while引导的省略式时间状语从句，与“adding...”并列，进一步说明花园设计的艺术感。includingfourseasoninterest(包括四季看点)：including引导的短语作后置定语，修饰“colorandform”，体现花园设计的全面性。servingtheneedsofwildlife(满足野生动物的需求)：与“including...”并列，补充花园的生态价值，不直接关联30题答案，但可辅助理解花园的整体优势。31.主旨大意题。根据四个备选项的提示，再读全文，根据第一段中“Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.(这种被称为矩阵种植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。它避开化肥和电动工具，基于一个极其简单的原则：更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)”和最后一段中“Withhumaninputsdramaticallyreduced,thegarden’secologycandevelopwell.Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducestormwaterrunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.(随着人类投入的大幅减少，花园的生态系统可以良好发展。成熟的矩阵花园不需要我们给予大多数花园的维持手段：化肥、分株、定期浇水。与传统花园地块相比，它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)”可知，文章主要介绍了矩阵种植这种新型园艺设计方法，它让花园更接近自然、野生的状态，未来园艺可能会朝着这种更自然、野生的方向发展。故A项“ThefutureofgardeningisWILD(园艺的未来是自然的)”能概括文章主旨，适合做文章标题，故选A项。附录：长难句解析1.Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.抽丝剥茧找主干：it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple(它基于一个极其简单的的原则)条分缕析理枝叶：Referredtoasmatrixplanting(被称为矩阵种植的方法)：过去分词短语作定语，修饰“thisapproach”，明确方法名称。Eschewingfertilizersandpowertools(避开化肥和电动工具)：现在分词短语作条件状语，说明“让大自然承担工作”的具体做法，体现“接近自然”的核心。togardenmorelikenaturedoes(更像大自然那样进行园艺种植)：冒号后的不定式短语作同位语，解释“principle”的具体内容，是全文核心观点。2.Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducestormwaterrunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.抽丝剥茧找主干：Establishedmatrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupport(成熟的矩阵花园不需要这种养护)条分缕析理枝叶：wegivemostgardens(我们给予大多数花园的)：定语从句，修饰“thelifesupport”，省略关系代词that/which。fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering(化肥、分株、定期浇水)：冒号后的并列短语作同位语，具体说明“thelifesupport”的内容。Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots(与传统花园地块相比)：过去分词短语作比较状语，突出矩阵花园的生态优势。theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducerunoffandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly(它们增加了碳吸收，减少了雨水径流，并显著改善了栖息地和生物多样性)。【典例】【2025·浙江1月卷D篇】Asnewtechnologiestakeonincreasinglyhumanlikequalities,there’sbeenapushtomakethemgenderless.“Peoplearestereotyping(形成刻板印象)theirgenderedobjectsinverytraditionalways,”saysAshleyMartin,aStanfordassociateprofessoroforganizationalbehavior.Removinggenderfromthepicturealtogetherseemslikeasimplewaytofixthis.YetasMartinhasfoundinherwork,genderisoneofthefundamentalwayspeopleformconnectionswithobjects,particularlythosedesignedwithhumancharacteristics.Inherstudy,Martinaskedparticipantstoratetheirattachmenttomale,female,andgenderlessversionsofadigitalvoiceassistantandaself-drivingcarknownas“Miuu.”Itwasfoundthatgenderincreasedusers’feelingsofattachmenttothesedevicesandtheirinterestinpurchasingthem.Forexample,participantssaidtheywouldbelesslikelytobuyagenderlessvoiceassistantthanversionswithmaleorfemalevoices.Whilegenderingaproductmaybegoodmarketing,itmayalsostrengthenoutdatedorharmfulideasaboutpowerandidentity.Thestereotypescommonlyassociatedwithmen,suchascompetitivenessanddominance,aremorevaluedthanthoseassociatedwithwomen.Thesequalities,inturn,aremappedontoproductsthathavebeenassignedagender.Martin’sstudyalsofoundthatcreatingagenderlessobjectwasdifficult.Forinstance,ifanobject’snamewasmeanttosoundgenderless,likeMiuu,participantswouldstillassignagendertoit—theywouldassumeMiuuwasa“he”or“she.”

Martinseesasilverlining,however:Shebelievesthatanthropomorphism(拟人化)“providesanopportunitytochangestereotypes.”Whenwomenareputintopositionsofleadershiplikerunningcompanies,itreducesnegativestereotypesaboutwomen.Similarly,anthropomorphizedproductscouldbecreatedtotakeonstereotype-inconsistentroles—amalerobotthatassistswithnursingorafemalerobotthathelpsdocalculations,forinstance.32.Whatisthepurposeofmakingnewtechnologiesgenderless?A.Toreducestereotypes. B.Tomeetpublicdemand.C.Tocutproductioncosts. D.Toencouragecompetition.33.Whatweretheparticipantsprobablyaskedtodointhestudy?A.Designaproduct. B.Respondtoasurvey.C.Workasassistants. D.Takealanguagetest.34.Whyisitdifficulttocreategenderlessobjects?A.Theycannotbemass-produced. B.Namingthemisachallengingtask.C.Peopleassumetheyareunreliable. D.Genderisrootedinpeople’smind.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thequalityofgenderlessproducts. B.Theupsideofgenderingaproduct.C.Themeaningofanthropomorphism. D.Thestereotypesofmenandwomen.【答案】32.A33.B34.D35.B【导语】本文为说明文。文章讲述了新技术呈现人类特质时人们试图使其去性别化，但性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式，且创造无性别物体很难，拟人化或能改变刻板印象。32.细节理解题。根据题干中“newtechnologies”定位到第一段，根据其中“‘Peoplearestereotyping(形成刻板印象)theirgenderedobjectsinverytraditionalways,’saysAshleyMartin,aStanfordassociateprofessoroforganizationalbehavior.Removinggenderfromthepicturealtogetherseemslikeasimplewaytofixthis.(斯坦福大学组织行为学副教授阿什利·马丁说：“人们以非常传统的方式对有性别的物品形成刻板印象。”完全去除物品的性别似乎是解决这个问题的简单方法)”可知，人们对有性别的物品存在刻板印象，让新技术无性别化的目的是减少这种刻板印象，故选A项。33.细节理解题。根据题干中“theparticipants”定位到第二段，根据其中“Inherstudy,Martinaskedparticipantstoratetheirattachmenttomale,female,andgenderlessversionsofadigitalvoiceassistantandaselfdrivingcarknownas‘Miuu.’(在她的研究中，马丁让参与者对数字语音助手和名为‘Miuu’的自动驾驶汽车的男性、女性和无性别版本的喜爱程度进行评分)”可知，参与者被要求对不同版本的产品进行评价，这类似于对调查做出回应，故选B项。34.细节理解题。根据题干中“genderlessobjects”定位到第四段，根据其中“Martin’sstudyalsofoundthatcreatingagenderlessobjectwasdifficult.Forinstance,ifanobject’snamewasmeanttosoundgenderless,likeMiuu,participantswouldstillassignagendertoit—theywouldassumeMiuuwasa‘he’or‘she.’(马丁的研究还发现，创造无性别对象很困难。例如，如果一个物品的名字听起来是无性别化的，比如Miuu，参与者仍然会给它赋予一个性别——他们会认为Miuu是‘他’或‘她’)”可知，因为性别观念根深蒂固在人们的脑海中，所以即使物品本身试图设计成无性别，人们还是会赋予其性别，这导致创造无性别对象很困难，故选D项。附录：长难句解析抽丝剥茧找主干：participantswouldstillassignagendertoit(参与者仍会给它赋予性别)。条分缕析理枝叶：also(还)：副词作状语，修饰“found”，说明这是研究的额外发现，不影响观点本身。Forinstance(例如)：插入语，明确后文是支撑前文观点的例子，体现“论点——论据”逻辑。ifanobject’snamewasmeanttosoundgenderless,likeMiuu(如果一个物品的名字听起来是无性别化的，比如“米乌”)：if引导的条件状语从句，设定“无性别设计”的前提，与后文“仍赋予性别”形成对比，突出难度。—theywouldassumeMiuuwasa“he”or“she”(——他们会认为“米乌”是“他”或“她”)：破折号后的句子作补充说明，具体解释“assignagendertoit”的表现，强化“即使设计无性别，人们仍会主观赋予性别”的结论。35.主旨大意题。根据题干直接定位到最后一段。根据其中“Martinseesasilverlining,however:Shebelievesthatanthropomorphism(拟人化)‘providesanopportunitytochangestereotypes.’(然而，马丁看到了一线希望：她认为拟人化‘提供了改变刻板印象的机会’)”以及后文所举的例子可知，最后一段主要讲了赋予产品性别有积极的一面，即可以通过拟人化改变刻板印象，故选B项。C-1(2026届福建省福州市高三上学期一模)Imagineyou’rewritingapoem,rhymesmustbepairedupbeforeyoustartanewline.ItturnsoutthatAIdoessomethingsimilarwhenClaude,alargelanguagemodel(LLM),isgiventhefirstline“hesawacarrotandhadtograbit”,itbeginsthinkingaboutwordslike“rabbit”almostimmediately,writingthenextsentencetoendattheappropriaterhyme.Suchforethoughtisunexpected.ScientistsatAnthropic,thelabthatdevelopedClaude,builtatoolandtheydiscoveredsomeunexpectedcomplexity.Thetool,a“digitalmicroscope”,letsscientistslookatwhichpartsoftheAI’sneural(神经的)networklightupwhenit’sworkingondifferenttasks.IfaparticularareaoftheLLMlightsupwheneveritproduceswordslikerabbit,thenthatgetsmarkedasbeingrelatedtorabbits.ThishaslettheteamsolvesomeopenquestionsinAIresearch,forexample,whetheramultilingual(多语言的)chatbothasawarenessofconceptsbeyondlanguage.WhenClaudeisaskedfortheoppositeof“big”inEnglish,orthesameconceptinChinese,thesamefeaturelightsupineverycase,beforemorelanguage-specificcircuitskickinto“translate”theconceptofsmallnessintoaparticularword.ThissuggeststhatAImighthaveadeeperunderstandingoftheworldthanwethought.Otherinsights,though,arelessencouraging.WhenClaudeitselfisaskedtoreason,printingoutitschainofthoughttoanswermathsquestions,themicroscopesuggeststhatthewaythemodelsaysitreachedaconclusion,andwhatitactuallythought,mightnotalwaysbethesame.Worsestill,askaleadingquestion—suggestingthattheanswer“mightbe4”,anditwillspecificallyaddnumbersthatultimatelyleadittoagreewiththequestion,evenifthesuggestioniswrong.ButbeingabletogaininsightintothemindofanLLMprovidescluesastohowtostopitdoingthesameinthefuture.Thegoal,afterall,isnottohavetodobrainsurgery,buttoknowwhatit’sthinking.28.Whatdoesthewriterintendtoshowthroughtheexampleinparagraph1?A.AIcanwritetextsasprogrammed. B.AIcanplansentencesinadvance.C.AIcandealwithcomplextasks. D.AIcansimplifyrhyminglines.29.Howdoes“digitalmicroscope”functionintheresearch?A.BytrackingAI’sthinkingactivities. B.Byworkingondifferentjobs.C.ByactivatingAI’s“brain”potential. D.Bymatchinglanguagepatterns.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph5aboutClaude?A.Itmaymakestuffup. B.Itmayskipchainsofthought.C.Itmayleavecluesout. D.Itmaygivelogicalreasoning.31.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsuitsthistext?A.WhyAIStillgetsItWrong B.Chatbots’LanguageMagicC.LookingInsideAI’sMind D.TheRiseofAIChatbots【答案】28.B29.A30.A31.C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章借Claude的例子，介绍用“数字显微镜”探究AI思维，发现其有前瞻性等特点，也存在思维与表述不符等问题，旨在了解AI想法。28.推理判断题。根据第一段“Imagineyou’rewritingapoem,rhymesmustbepairedupbeforeyoustartanewline.ItturnsoutthatAIdoessomethingsimilarWhenClaude,alargelanguagemodel(LLM),isgiventhefirstline“hesawacarrotandhadtograbit”,itbeginsthinkingaboutwordslike“rabbit”almostimmediately,writingthenextsentencetoendattheappropriaterhyme.(想象你正在写一首诗，在开始下一行之前必须把韵脚配对。事实证明，人工智能也会做类似的事情。当大语言模型Claude得到第一行“hesawacarrotandhadtograbit”时，它几乎会立即想到像“rabbit”这样的词，并写出下一句，使其以合适的韵脚结尾)”可知，作者通过这个例子表明AI可以提前规划句子，以实现押韵，故选B。29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Thetool,a“digitalmicroscope”,letsscientistslookatwhichpartsoftheAI’sneural(神经的)networklightupwhenit’sworkingondifferenttasks.(这个工具，一个“数字显微镜”，能让科学家观察当人工智能在处理不同任务时，其神经网络的哪些部分会被激活)”可知，“数字显微镜”通过追踪AI的思维活动来发挥作用，故选A。30.推理判断题。根据第五段“Worsestill,askaleadingquestion—suggestingthattheanswer“mightbe4”,anditwillspecificallyaddnumbersthatultimatelyleadittoagreewiththequestion,evenifthesuggestioniswrong.(更糟糕的是，提出一个诱导性问题——暗示答案“可能是4”，它会特意添加数字，最终使它认同这个问题，即使这个暗示是错误的)”可知，这表明Claude可能会编造内容来符合错误的引导，故选A。31.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Suchforethoughtisunexpected.ScientistsatAnthropic,thelabthatdevelopedClaude,builtatoolandtheydiscoveredsomeunexpectedcomplexity.(这种前瞻性是出乎意料的。开发Claude的实验室Anthropic的科学家们构建了一个工具，他们发现了一些意想不到的复杂性)”、第三段“Thetool,a“digitalmicroscope”,letsscientistslookatwhichpartsoftheAI’sneuralnetworklightupwhenit’sworkingondifferenttasks.(这个工具，一个“数字显微镜”，让科学家们可以观察到当AI在处理不同任务时，其神经网络的哪些部分会被激活)”以及最后一段“ButbeingabletogaininsightintothemindofanLLMprovidescluesastohowtostopitdoingthesameinthefuture.Thegoal,afterall,isnottohavetodobrainsurgery,buttoknowwhatit’sthinking.(但是能够洞察一个大语言模型的思维，为我们提供了关于如何在未来阻止它做同样事情的线索。毕竟，目标不是要进行脑部手术，而是要知道它在想什么)”可知，文章主要讲述了通过“数字显微镜”对大型语言模型Claude进行研究，发现AI在某些方面有更深的理解，但在推理时存在说一套做一套的情况，而能够洞察LLM的思维为未来如何阻止它出现这种情况提供了线索，整体围绕着对AI思维的探究展开。所以C项“LookingInsideAI’sMind(洞察人工智能的思维)”最适合作为标题，故选C。C-2(2026届浙江省强基联盟高三上学期10月一模)Astheglobalpopulationcontinuestoexpand,traditionalfarmingmethodsarestrugglingtoprovideenoughfood.However,aninnovativeagriculturalcompanyinCompton,LosAngeles,mayhavethesolution.Theirrevolutionaryfarmingsystemcouldtransformfoodproduction,offeringremarkableefficiencyandsustainability.It’sfarfromthestorybookpictureofafarm—nomud,noboots,nohenspeckingintheyard.Unlikeconventionalfarms,thishigh-techfacilityoperateswithoutsoil,heavymachinery,orpesticides.Instead,itreliesonautomationandadvancedplantsciencetomaximizeoutput.Usingpreciselycalibrated(符合标准的)LEDlightingandnutrientdeliverysystems,thefacilityproducesupto350timesmoreyieldscomparedtotraditionalfarmswhileusingjust10%ofthewater—anditcanbereplicated(复制)almostanywhere.Theentireprocess—fromplantingseedstopackagingproduce—isautomated.Fromthemomentaworkertipsseedsintothesowingmachine,robotstakeover.Nearly80plantscientistsstudybestgrowingconditionsforeachplant,workingwithover100engineerswhotranslatethesefindingsintohardwareandsoftwaresolutions.“Plantsarereallyjustlittlesoftwareprograms,”explainsoneofthescientists.BystudyingplantDNAwithoutchangingit,scientistscanprogramqualitieslikegrowth,flavor,andnutrition.Forinstance,exposingplantstobluelightatspecificgrowthcyclescreatesleaveswithasatisfyingcrunchatharvest.Thesameprinciplescanenhanceantioxidantlevelsinvegetablesbyupto40%.Sincecropsnevercontactsoil,pesticides,orhumanhands,theyrequirenowashing—reducingbothwaterwasteandcontaminationrisks.Oneofthegreatestthreatstothenaturalworldishabitatlossduetofarmlandexpansion.Ifsuccessful,farmslikethiscouldreducedeforestationwhilemeetingfooddemands.Yetthehighcosts—includingenergy-intensiveartificiallighting—mayblockglobaladoption,particularlyindevelopingnationswhereinfrastructureislimited.Couldthisbethefutureofagriculture?Withitsincredibleefficiency,minimalenvironmentalimpact,andpotentialforworldwidereplication,thishigh-techfarmingmodelmaysoonbecomeessentialinfeedingourgrowingworld—ifthechallengesofscalingandaffordabilitycanbeovercome.28.Whatisthemainfeatureoftheinnovativefarmingsystem?A.Itdemandswater-freetechnology. B.Itgetshighyieldswithlittleinput.C.Itiswidelyintroducedintheworld. D.Itmixesoldandnewfarmingmethods.29.Whatisthescientists’majorroleintheprocessofthefarmingsystem?A.Theyaregeneeditors. B.Theyaremachineoperators.C.Theyaresystemmonitors. D.Theyareplantprogrammers.30.Whatmaylimittheworldwidespreadofthisfarmingsystem?A.Lowpublicacceptance. B.Greatfarmlandloss.C.Poorproductionfacilities. D.Highenergydemands.31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthefutureofagriculture?A.Optimistic. B.Critical. C.Indifferent. D.Doubtful.【答案】28.B29.D30.D31.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍洛杉矶康普顿一家农业公司的高科技耕作系统，阐述其无土、自动化等特点、优势，也提及推广挑战及未来潜力。28.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Usingpreciselycalibrated(符合标准的)LEDlightingandnutrientdeliverysystems,thefacilityproducesupto350timesmoreyieldscomparedtotraditionalfarmswhileusingjust10%ofthewater—anditcanbereplicated(复制)almostanywhere.(该设施使用精确校准的LED照明和营养输送系统，与传统农场相比，产量高达350倍，而用水量仅为传统农场的10%——而且它几乎可以在任何地方复制)”可知，这种创新耕作系统的主要特点是投入少(用水少)却能获得高产量，故选B项。29.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘Plantsarereallyjustlittlesoftwareprograms,’explainsoneofthescientists.BystudyingplantDNAwithoutchangingit,scientistscanprogramqualitieslikegrowth,flavor,andnutrition.(“植物实际上就是小型软件程序，”其中一位科学家解释道。通过研究植物DNA而不改变它，科学家们可以对植物的生长、风味和营养等特性进行“编程”)”可知，科学家在该耕作系统流程中的主要角色是植物“程序员”，可对植物特性进行调控，故选D项。30.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Yetthehighcosts—includingenergy-intensiveartificiallighting—mayblockglobaladoption,particularlyindevelopingnationswhereinfrastructureislimited.(然而，高昂的成本——包括能源密集型的人工照明——可能会阻碍其在全球范围内的应用，尤其是在基础设施有限的发展中国家)”可知，高能源需求带来的高成本可能限制该耕作系统在全球的推广，故选D项。31.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Couldthisbethefutureofagriculture?Withitsincredibleefficiency,minimalenvironmentalimpact,andpotentialforworldwidereplication,thishigh-techfarmingmodelmaysoonbecomeessentialinfeedingourgrowingworld—ifthechallengesofscalingandaffordabilitycanbeovercome.(这会是农业的未来吗？凭借其惊人的效率、最小的环境影响以及在全球范围内复制的潜力，如果能克服规模化和可负担性方面的挑战，这种高科技耕作模式可能很快会成为养活我们不断增长的人口的关键)”可知，作者认可该耕作系统的优势和潜力，对农业未来持乐观态度，故选A项。C-3(2026届湖北省武汉市部分高中高三上学期九月调研)Withasurfacehotenoughtomeltleadinitsatmosphere,Venushasbeendescribedas“Earth’seviltwin”—similarinsize,yetworldsapart.ThequestionofwhetherVenuswaseverhabitablehaslongbeenahottopicamongscientists.Someastronomersbelievetheplanetwasoncemuchmorehospitable,butarecentresearchbyTerezaConstantinou,aPhDstudentfromtheUniversityofCambridge,hasnowdealtablowtotheideathatiteverhostedlifeasweknowit.ConstantinounotedthatearlyintheformationofVenus,theplanetwascoveredinavastseaofmagma(岩浆).Ifthiscooledquickly,waterwouldformoceansorbetrappedasitcrystallised(结晶),meaningtheplanet’sinterior(内部)wouldbewater-rich.Asaresult,waterwouldbereleasedwhenvolcanoeserupt.“IfyoulookatanyphotosofvolcanismonEarth,youcanseetheselargecloudscomingout.Mostofthatiswater,”saidConstantinou.Butifthemagmacooledslowly,waterwouldhaveendedupassteamintheatmosphere.Inthissituation,waterwouldnotbetrappedinsidetheinterioroftheplanet.ConstantinouandhiscolleaguesstudiedchangesintheVenusianatmospheretocastlightonthewatercontentofitsinterior.Whentheyanalysedtheamountofsubstancesbeingrefilled,theyfoundverylittlewaterwasbeingadded.Inotherwords,volcaniceruptionsare“dry”.“TheshortageofwaterinvolcanicreleasereflectsanequallydryVenusianinterior,”saidConstantinou.TheteamannouncedthattheirfindingsdidnotsupportthetheorythatVenushadsurfaceoceansofwaterinitspast,orahabitableclimate.Theirconclusioncouldsoonbetested.Laterthisdecade,NASAissettolaunchamissiontocarryoutfly-bysofVenus.ConstantinousaidresolvingthequestioncouldhelpastronomersruleoutVenusasahabitableplanetnowthatthedryinteriorofVenussuggestsitneverhastheoceansofliquidwatertraditionallythoughtnecessaryforlifetobegin.28.Whatisthefindingoftherecentresearch?A.VenusisEarth’sidenticaltwin. B.Venussetsthewholeworldapart.C.Venuswasunlikelytosustainlife. D.Venuswasmorehabitablethanthought.29.Whatisparagraph2mainlytalkingaboutconcerningtheresearch?A.Itsmethods. B.Itsprocedures. C.Its