Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature Section B 知识点 新教材人教版八年级英语下册

1/11Unit4TheWondersofNatureSectionBWhydoweexplorenature？知识点一、单元词汇单词SectionB1.n.攀登者，登山者2.adj.北部的，向北的3.n.距离，遥远4.v.生存，存活，艰难度过5.n.状态，境况6.n.度，度数，程度7.n.悬崖，峭壁8.adj.可能变化的，易变的，常变得9.n.死亡，毁灭，破灭10.adj.有决心得，坚决的11.prep.在或向...上面，超过adv.在或向上面，在或向高处，超过12.n.同队队员，队友13.n.肩膀，肩部14.n.梯子，阶梯，途径15.v.测量，量度为n.措施，度量单位16.adv.成功地，顺利地17.v.使...冒风险或面临风险n.危险，风险18.n.好奇心，求知欲19.n.追求得目标，野心，雄心20.n.探险者，勘探者21.adv.仅仅，只，简单地22.adj.有风险或危险的23.adj.南部得，向南的24.adj.位于，坐落在25.adj.淡水的，淡水中生长的26.n.类型，种类27.v.吸引，招引，引起反应28.adj.好奇的，求知欲强的29.n.旅行者，游客30.adj.水下的，用于水下的adv.在水下31.adj.东北的，东北方向的32.n.海岸，海滨33.n.珊瑚，珊瑚虫34.n.礁，礁脉35.v.包含，包括36.n.沙子37.adj.活着，在世，有活力38.n.结构体，构造，体系39.n.沙子40.v.使用呼吸管潜泳n.浮潜用的呼吸管41n海龟,龟42n一生，终生短语SectionB1.感觉像，想要2.能，能够3.触摸填空4.到达顶部5.在恶劣的条件下生存下来6.从北部，从北边7.死亡之路8.下定决心做某事9.到达，抵达10.拉上来，往上拉11.一点一点的，逐渐地12.成功做到13.国旗14第一次15.冒着生命危险16.多远17.多沉18多久一次19.多大20.不同种类的动物21.吸引了很多好奇的游客22.自然奇迹23.占据24.地球之肺二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲SectionB【考点1】Onthehighestplaceonearth，youwillfeellikeyouareabletotouchthesky.【解析】feellike的用法：用法一：想要某物或想做某事。相当于want，表达的是一种意愿或渴望结构：feellikesth或feellikedoingsth.接名词：I

feellike

acupofcoffee.我想喝杯咖啡接动词-ing形式：Idon't

feellikegoing

outtonight.I'mtootired.我今晚不想出去，太累了。He

feltlikestaying

inandreadingabook.他想呆在家里看书。用法二：表示身体或精神上的“感觉”描述你当下的身体感觉或情绪状态。结构：

feellike+名词/句子感觉自己是...（某种状态或角色）:Afterthatworkout,I

feellike

anewman.那次锻炼之后，我感觉自己像换了个人。You'resokindtome.I

feellike

aprincess.你对我真好，我感觉自己像个公主。感觉像...（某种情况）:

后面常接一个完整的句子。It

feelslike

it'sgoingtorain.感觉快要下雨了。I

feellike

I'mforgettingsomething.我感觉我忘了什么东西。用法三：表示“摸起来像...”某种材质或感觉描述某物通过触感给人的印象。结构：

主语（某物）+feellike+名词Thisfabric

feelslike

silk.这布料摸起来像丝绸。Thetable'ssurface

feelslike

wood,butit'sactuallyplastic.桌面摸起来像木头，但其实是塑料。Yourforehead

feelslike

youhaveafever.你的额头摸起来像是在发烧。用法四：表示“觉得好像是...”（表达一种不确定的判断或猜测）相当于“Itseemstomethat...”，用来委婉地表达你的观点或猜测。结构：

Ifeellike+句子Ifeellike

we'vemetbefore.我觉得我们好像以前见过。Ifeellike

heishidingsomethingfromus.我觉得他好像有什么事瞒着我们。Ifeellike

thisisabadidea.我觉得这似乎是个坏主意。【考点2】Butonlythebestclimbersreachthetop，andthatisonlyiftheysurvivetheterribleconditionsfirst.【解析】1.reach的用法：作动词过去式：reached第三人称单数形式：reaches（1）到达，抵达We

reached

theairportjustintime.我们刚好准时到达了机场。（2）伸手去碰或拿Canyou

reach

thatbookonthetopshelfforme?你能帮我够到书架顶层的那本书吗（3）达成，达到Theyreachedanagreement.他们达成了协议。Thetemperatureisexpectedto

reach

35°Ctomorrow.预计明天气温将达到35摄氏度。做名词伸手可及的距离，范围，臂展Keepthemedicineoutofthe

reach

ofchildren.把药放在儿童够不到的地方。常见搭配：outof（sb’s）reach够不着within（sb’s）reach够得着辨析：做“到达”意思reach与arrive的区别：单词reacharrive词性及物动词不及物动词核心用法后面直接接宾语（地点）。后面不能直接接宾语，必须借助介词in或者at连接。结构reach+地点arrivein+大地方

(城市、国家)

arriveat+小地方

(机场，学习，村庄，酒店，车站等)例句We

reachedBeijing

at10pm.

我们晚上十点到达北京。We

arrivedinBeijing

at10pm.

我们晚上十点到达北京。

Please

arriveattheairport

early.

请提前到达机场。2onlyif只有...才...”；“必须在...条件下才...”Iwillgototheparty

onlyif

yougotoo.（我只有在你也去的情况下才会去那个派对。）Youwillsucceed

onlyif

youworkhard.（你只有努力才会成功。）survive动词，过去式：survived（1）不及物动词，幸存，活下来，表示在灾难、事故、重病等艰难情况后依然活着。Aftertheplanecrash,onlytwopassengers

survived.（空难之后，只有两名乘客幸存。）（2）及物动词，从...中幸存下来，后面接所经历的灾难、事故、疾病等。结构：

主语+survive+灾难/事件She

survived

thecaraccidentwithonlyminorinjuries.（她在车祸中幸存下来，只受了轻伤。）（3）艰难度过指成功地应对并度过一段不愉快的经历。结构：

主语+survive+困难时期Ourcompanymanagedto

survive

thefinancialcrisis.（我们公司成功度过了金融危机。）（4）及物动词：靠...维持生命，在...条件下生存表示依靠少量或特定的东西生活下来。结构：

主语+surviveon+食物/金钱Therefugeeshaveto

surviveon

onemealaday.（难民们不得不靠一天一顿饭维持生命。）It’shardto

surviveon

suchalowsalaryinthisexpensivecity.（在这个物价高昂的城市，靠如此低的薪水生活很困难。）（5）及物动词：比...活得长表示某人去世后，另一个人还活着。结构：

A+survive+B

（A比B活得长）She

survived

herhusbandbytenyears.（她比她的丈夫多活了十年。）简单记忆口诀：

“从天灾人祸（中）幸存，靠微薄之物生存，比亲人友人长生，度艰难时期余生。”【单词变形】survival

(n.)-生存，幸存Thedoctorsaidhis

survival

wasamiracle.（医生说他的幸存是一个奇迹。）survivor

(n.)-幸存者，生还者Sheisacancer

survivor.（她是一位癌症幸存者。）【考点3】Onthemountain，thetemperaturecanfallto-30degrees.【解析】degree作名词（1）度，度数（角的量度单位）可数名词Anangleof90degreesiscalledarightangle.90度的角称为直角（2）度，度数（温度单位）可数名词threedegreesbelowzero/minusthreedegrees（3）程度Herjobdemandsahighdegreeofskill.她的工作要求高超的技能。（4）（大学）学位可数名词Hegotadegreeinhistory/ahistorydegree.她有历史学位。常见搭配bydegrees：逐渐地，一步一步地Hishealthimproved

bydegrees.他的健康逐渐好转了。towhatdegree：到什么程度（用于疑问句）Towhatdegree

didtheweatheraffectthegame?天气对比赛的影响到了什么程度？third-degreeburn：三度烧伤（最严重的烧伤等级）【考点4】Mountainclimbersevencalledthatway“DeathRoad”，butaChineseteamwasdeterminedtomaketheclimb.【解析】1.death名词，死亡，破灭，毁灭The

death

ofhisfatherwasagreatblowtohim.他父亲的去世对他是一个巨大的打击【单词变形】（1）die动词死亡，停止运转过去式：died过去分词：died现在分词：dying常见搭配：dieof：通常死于疾病、饥饿、衰老等内部原因。He

diedof

aheartattack.死于心脏病Inthepast,manypeople

diedof

hunger死于饥饿diefrom：通常死于外伤、事故等外部原因。He

diedfrom

agunshotwound.死于枪伤She

diedfrom

herinjuriesinthecarcrash.死于车祸中受的伤diefor：为...而死（通常是为事业、国家等）Hewaswillingto

diefor

hiscountry.为国而死dieout：灭绝，逐渐消失（指物种、习俗）Manyancienttraditionsare

dyingout..古老的习俗渐渐消失。diedown：（风、声音、情绪）逐渐减弱，平息Thestormfinally

dieddown.暴风雨逐渐减弱了diehard：（观念、习惯）难以改变，根深蒂固Oldhabits

diehard.积习难改（2）dead做形容词，死亡的，不运转的Theyfounda

dead

birdinthegarden.他们在花园里发现了一只死鸟。Thebatteryis

dead.电池没电了。做名词，死人，死者Achurchservicewasheldinmemoryofthedead.教堂举行仪式，纪念死者做副词，完全地，确实地，非常，绝对Youraredeadright.你完全正确deadly做形容词致命的，Thecobraisa

deadly

snake.眼镜蛇是致命的毒蛇。（3）dying既可做现在分词，也可单独用作形容词，将死的，垂死的Shestayedbyher

dying

father'sbedside.她守在她垂死的父亲床边。常见搭配：bedyingforsth或着bedyingtodosth渴望做某事I'm

dying

foracupofcoffee.我真想喝杯咖啡。She's

dying

toknowwhathappened.她迫切地想知道发生了什么。2determined形容词下定决心的决意的，坚定的Heisaverydeterminedyoungman.他是一个意志非常坚定的年轻人。bedeterminedtodosth决心做某事Sheisdeterminedtosucceed.

她决心要取得成功。【单词变形】determine动词过去式：determined（1）查明，确定Thepolicehavenotyetdeterminedthecauseoftheaccident.警方尚未确定事故原因。（2）决定，影响Theweatherwilldeterminewhetherwehavethepicnicornot.天气将决定我们是否去野餐。determination名词形式决心，查明【考点5】Itwas8,600metersabovesealevel.【解析】above作介词反义词：below（1）在上方（不接触），在高处Thepictureishanging

abovethefireplace.画挂在壁炉上方。Wewereflying

abovetheclouds.我们在云层之上飞行。Thereisalight

abovethetable.桌子上方有一盏灯。

（2）表示数量、年龄、价格等：高于，超过Thetemperatureis

above30degreesCelsius

today.今天气温超过30摄氏度。Thisworkisforchildren

abovetheageoften.这项工作适合十岁以上的儿童。（3）表示等级、重要性：高于，优于Healthshouldcome

abovewealth.健康应重于财富（4）表示品质、能力：超出...的范围That's

abovemyunderstanding.那超出了我的理解能力。2作副词（1）在（或向）上面，在较高处Seetheexamplesgiven

above.请参考上面给出的例子。（2）（数量、年龄等）超过Thisbookissuitableforchildrenaged10and

above.

这本书适合10岁及以上的儿童。3作形容词，上文提及的”、“上面的”Pleaserefertothe

above

diagram.请参考上面的图表。【考点6】Liuallowedhisteammatestosteponhisshoulders.【解析】1step做名词，可数名词（1）步子，步伐，脚步声，一步的距离，台阶Hetooka

step

forward.他向前迈了一步。Weheardstepsoutside.我们听到外面有脚步声Becareful,the

steps

areslippery.小心，台阶很滑。（2）步骤，措施（指过程中的一个阶段或一个行动）Wemusttake

steps

toimprovethesituation.

我们必须采取措施来改善局面。短语：stepbystep逐步地，一步一步地Don'tworry,I'llexplainittoyou

stepbystep.被担心，我一步步解释给你听。做动词，过去式：stepped现在分词stepping迈步，踩，踏，行走He

stepped

intotheroom.他走进了房间。2.shoulder做名词，可数名词，肩膀，肩部Shecarriedherbagoverher

shoulder.她把包挎在肩上短语：shouldertoshoulder肩并肩，齐心协力地做动词，肩扛，肩挑（比喻意义的）肩负（责任，重担）Thefarmer

shouldered

theheavybagandwalkedoff.农夫扛起沉重的袋子走了。She

shoulders

mostoftheblameforthefailure.她承担了失败的大部分责任。【考点7】Bitbybit，theclimberspulledthemselvesup，andtheymadeitpasttheSecondStep.【解析】1pullup（1）使车辆停下Thecarpulledupoutsidethehouse.那辆小汽车停在了房子外面。（2）提高，提升Shepulleduphersocks.她把袜子往上提了提。2.makeit(1).成功做到，达成目标You'resmartanddetermined;I'msureyou'll

makeit.你既聪明又坚定，我相信你会成功的。Ifwerun,wecan

makeittothetrain.如果我们跑过去，还能赶上火车。（2）.在困境中幸存下来；渡过难关Thedoctorssaidhewasveryill,buttheythinkhe'll

makeit.医生说他病得很重，但他们认为他能挺过来。(3).用于鼓励：You'llmakeit!

/

Youcanmakeit!常见的口头鼓励，意为“你会成功的！”、“你能做到的！”或“你能赶上的！”。Don'tgiveup!

Youcanmakeit!别放弃！你能做到的！Hurryup,thebusiscoming!

You'llmakeit!快点，公交车来了！你能赶上的！【考点8】Whydopeoplestillrisktheirlivestoclimbthehighestmountainintheworld？【解析】risk（1）做名词，危险，风险，危险的人或带来危险的事物，危险因素Thecompanycannotaffordtotakeany

risk.公司承担不起任何风险。Smokingisamajor

risk

toyourhealth.吸烟对健康是一个主要的危险常见搭配：atrisk：处于危险中takearisk：冒险（2）做为动词，过去式：risked冒...的危险，使...面临风险riskone’slife（todosth）冒生命危险做某事He

risked

hislifetosavethechildfromthefire.他冒着生命危险从火海中救出孩子。riskdoingsth冒险做某事They

riskedlosing

everything.

他们冒着失去一切的风险。形容词形式：risky有风险的，有危险的【考点9】Itisbecausehumancuriosityandambitioncannotbestopped.【解析】1.human(1).做名词，泛指人类，人，也可用（humanbeing），相对动物，植物，机器等而言的人类通常用复数形式

humans

来指代一个或多个具体的人Humans

areresponsibleforprotectingtheenvironment.人类有责任保护环境。Couldacomputereverhavethesameemotionsasa

human?电脑能拥有和人一样的情感吗？(2).做形容词人的，人类的，人本性的，有人情的humanbody

（人体）It'sonlyhumantomakemistakes.犯错是人之常情。2.curiosity（1）好奇心，求知欲，不可数名词Childrenarefullofcuriosityabouttheworldaroundthem.孩子们对周围的世界充满了好奇心。常见搭配:Outofcuriosity出于好奇（2）珍奇的事物，奇物；奇特的人，此时为可数名词，复数形式：curiositiesThisoldmapisarealcuriosity.这张旧地图真是件稀奇玩意儿Themuseumhasacabinetofcuriosities.博物馆有一个珍品柜。【单词变形】1.curious形容词（1）求知欲强的，好奇的becuriousaboutsthI'mreallycuriousaboutChineseculture.我对中国文化非常好奇。becuriousto+动词原形好奇地想做...I'mcurioustoseewhatwillhappennext.我很好奇接下来会发生什么。（2）稀奇古怪的，不寻常的Therewasacuriousnoisecomingfromtheattic.从阁楼传来一种奇怪的噪音。2.curiously副词（1）好奇地Shelookedathimcuriously,wonderingwhathemeant.

她好奇地看着他，想知道他是什么意思。（2）奇怪地，说来也怪（常用于句首，修饰整个句子）Curiously,noonenoticedthatIwaslate.奇怪的是，没人注意到我迟到了。Thebookwas,curiously,exactlywhatIneeded.说来也怪，那本书正是我需要的。【考点10】Or,astheEnglishexplorerGeorgeMalloryputit，itissimply“becauseitisthere.”【解析】1.putit表述，陈述，表达，用于引出一个陈述、解释或观点。（1）Toputitsimply/bluntly/frankly...（说得简单点/直接点/坦白点...）Toputitsimply,weneedmoremoney.简单地说，我们需要更多钱。（2）Toputitanotherway（换句话说）He'sveryfrugal.

Toputitanotherway,hehatesspendingmoney.他很节俭。换句话说，他讨厌花钱。（3）asIputit（正如我所说的）Thesituation,

asIputit

earlier,isgettingworse.正如我之前说的，情况正在恶化。（4）howshouldIputit?

=我该怎么说呢？HowshouldIputit?I’mnotreallyinterested.我该怎么说呢？我其实不感兴趣。2.simply副词（1）（强调简单）仅仅，只，不过，只是...而已It's

simply

aquestionoftime.这仅仅是个时间问题。Don'tgetangry;Iwas

simply

makingasuggestion.别生气，我只是提个建议。（2）简单地，简朴地，朴素地Pleaseexplainit

simply.请简单地解释一下。Shedresses

simply,withoutmuchjewelry.她穿着朴素，不怎么戴首饰。（3）简直，完全，确实（用于强调）Theviewis

simply

wonderful.那景色简直美得令人窒息。That's

simply

nottrue!那根本不是真的【考点11】how组成的短语辨析：疑问短语核心功能例句Howfar询问距离或程度Howfar

isitfromyourhometotheoffice?

Wedon'tknow

howfar

therumorshavespread.Howheavy询问重量

Howheavy

isyoursuitcase?Canyouguess

howheavy

thatelephantis?Howlarge询问大小、规模或面积

Howlarge

isthecompanyyouworkfor?

Hewasamazedby

howlarge

theparkwas.Howbig询问大小、规模或程度

(与large常互换)Howbig

isyournewapartment?

Youwouldn'tbelieve

howbig

thecrowdwas!Howoften询问频率

Howoften

doyougotothegym?

Sheaskedme

howoften

Icheckmyemail.Howlong询问时间长度或物体长度Howlong

willthemeetinglast?(时间)

Howlong

istheriver?(长度)Howhigh询问高度

(指从地面算起)Howhigh

isMountTaishan?

Thechildwondered

howhigh

thekitecouldfly.Howdeep询问深度Howdeep

istheswimmingpool?

Thediversexplored

howdeep

thecavewent.Howlow询问低度或下限

Howlow

canthetemperaturedropatnighthere?Look

howlow

theairplaneisflying!Howfast询问速度Howfast

wereyoudrivingwhenthepolicestoppedyou?

I'mimpressedby

howfast

shelearnedthelanguage.Howsoon询问需要多久Howsoon

canyoufinishthereport?

Heasked

howsoon

thepackagewouldarrive.关键辨析与总结关键辨析与总结Howlongvs.HowsoonHowlong

问的是完成一件事本身需要“多长时间”，或者一个状态持续了“多久”。Howsoon

问的是从现在到某个动作发生“需要多久”，强调“多快”能开始或完成，答案通常是

in+一段时间。Howhighvs.HowtallHowhigh

用途更广，可问山、飞机、跳跃等的高度。Howtall

通常特指人、树、建筑物等有固定高度的事物的身高或身高。Howlargevs.Howbig两者在询问物理尺寸和大小时常可互换。在询问抽象的程度时，更常用

Howbig（例如：Howbigistheproblem?）。【考点12】LocatedinSiberia，Russia，LakeBaikalisoneofworld’smostfamouslakes.【解析】located作形容词，常构成be

动词连用，构成

belocated+位置介词

的结构，位于，坐落于。介词用法说明例句in在内部（大区域）Beijingis

locatedin

northernChina.on在表面、街旁、楼层Thebookshopis

locatedon

aquietstreet.at具体地址或精确点Sheis

locatedat

thefrontdeskrightnow.near/by在...附近Thehotelis

locatednear

theairport.between在...之间Thetownis

locatedbetween

twomountains.【单词变形】locate动词找出...的位置，确定的地点Thepolicearetryingtolocatethemissingperson.警方正试图找到失踪者的位置。location名词地方，地点Whatistheexactlocationoftheship？船的确切地点再哪里【考点13】Todaythelakestillattractsmanycurioustravelers.【解析】attract做动词，过去式：attracted现在分词:attracting吸引，引起（注意，兴趣，赞赏等），使喜爱Thebeautifulsceneryattractsmillionsoftouristseveryyear.美丽的风景每年吸引数百万游客。Hisconfidenceiswhatattractedmetohiminthefirstplace.他的自信最初是他吸引我的地方。常见搭配：beattractedtosb./sth.收到某人或某事物的吸引I'vealwaysbeenattractedtopeoplewithagoodsenseofhumor.

（我一直都很被有幽默感的人吸引。）【单词变形】名词形式：attraction爱慕，吸引，吸引人的地方或事情等The

attraction

ofthejobliesinitshighsalary.（这份工作的吸引力在于其高薪。）形容词形式：attractive吸引人的，诱人的，招人喜爱的Hefoundtheoffervery

attractive.（他觉得这个报价很有吸引力。）【考点14】Ittakesupanareaof345，000squarekilometersandincludesover9，00islandsandwhitesandbeaches,【解析】takeup（1）开始从事（一项活动、爱好或工作）表示开始花时间做某事，通常是作为爱好、运动或职业。Hehas

takenup

joggingtoimprovehishealth.他开始通过慢跑来改善健康。Whydon'tyou

takeup

anewhobby?你为什么不开始一项新的爱好呢？（2）

占据（空间或时间）指某物占用了一定的物理空间，或某事占用了一段时间。Thisbigtable

takesup

mostofthediningroom.这张大桌子占了餐厅的大部分空间。Mynewjob

takesup

alotofmytime.我的新工作占了我很多时间。2include（1）做动词包含，包括Theprice

includes

breakfast.费用包含早餐includedoingsth包含Hisjob

includes

trainingnewemployees.他的工作包括培训新员工。（2）介词形式including包含，包括Therearefivepeopleinthecar，includingthedriver.车里有五个人，包括司机。included过去分词，...被包含,被列入，用作后置定语。区分：including与includedincluding

放在被包括的事物之前。included

放在被包括的事物之后。区分下面两句：Ilikefruits,

includingapplesandbananas.Ilikefruits,

applesandbananasincluded.【考点15】TheGreatBarrierReefisalsoalive.【解析】alive形容词，（1）活着的，在世，用作表语，不能放于名词前面，可与系动词（如

be,feel,seem,stay,remain

等）连用作表语。Theinjuredbirdisstillalive.那只受伤的鸟还活着。Aftertheaccident,wewerejusthappytobealive.事故之后，我们还能活着就很高兴了。（错误）

Heisanaliveman.（正确）

Heisalive.他还活着。也可用作后置定语虽然不能放在名词前，但

alive

可以放在被修饰的代词或名词之后，起到定语的作用。Heisthegreatestartistalivetoday.他是当今在世的最伟大的艺术家。（2）有活力的，充满生命或活力的常用结构：bealivewithsomethingThegardenisalivewithbeesandbutterflies.花园里到处都是蜜蜂和蝴蝶，生机盎然。易混词辨析：alive,live,living,lively这是一个常见的难点，通过下表可以清晰区分：单词词性/用法含义与例句alive表语/后置定语活着的（状态）。Isyourcatstill

alive?

Heisthegreatestpoet

alive.(他是当今在世的最伟大的诗人。live

（读作/laɪv/）前置定语1.活的（生物）：Wesawa

live

scorpion!

2.现场直播的：Itwasa

live

broadcast.living前置定语/作名词1.活着的（泛指）：All

living

thingsneedwater.

2.生计：Whatdoyoudofora

living?lively

（读作/ˈlaɪvli/）前置定语充满活力的，活泼的：Shehasa

lively

personality.过关检测一.单项选择1.Afteralongdayatwork,Idon't______goingouttonight.I'dratherstayhomeandrelax.

A.feellikeB.wantC.wouldlikeD.betternot2.Theweatherinspringisquite______.Youmightexperiencesunshine,rain,andevensnowallinoneday!A.changeableB.challengeC.changeD.changes3.Thereisnoneedtogetangry.Thewholeproblemis______amisunderstanding.A.quiteBbelowCratherDsimply4.Thelittletreeis______becausenobodywatersit.Weareallsadaboutitscoming______.A.dying;deathB.death;dyingC.death;deathD.dying;dying5.Thedoctorsworkedforhoursandfinally_____savedthepatient'slife.Itwasavery______operation（手术）.A.successful;successfullyB.successfully;successfulC.success;successfulD.successfully;success6.Itwasalreadydarkwhenwefinally______thesmallvillageatthefootofthemountain.A.arrivedB.arrivedinC.reachedtoD.reached7.Excuseme,couldyoutellme______itisfromheretotheCentralPark?

It'sabouta15-minutewalk.A.howlongB.howfarC.howoftenD.howdeep8.Mybrotherwantsto______photographyasahobbybecausehefindsitveryinteresting.A.takeinB.takeupC.takeoverD.takeoff9.Iboughtmanyschoolthingsatthesupermarket,______pens,notebooks,andanewbackpack.A.includesB.includeC.includingD.toinclude10.Look!Thesunsetoverthelakeissoamazing!

______.Thecolorsareabsolutelybreathtaking.A.Itmightrainlater.B.Yes,it'sunbelievable!C.What'sthelake'sname?D.Let'sstopit.二单词填空1.Thatexperienced_____(游客，旅行者）visitedovertwentycountriesandlovedtosharestories2.Childrenhaveanatural______（好奇心）abouttheworld.Theyarealwaysaskingquestionslike"why"and"how".3.Guangzhouisamajorcityin_______（南部的）China,famousforitsdeliciousfoodandwarmclimate.4.Heusedhisstrong________(肩膀）tocarrytheheavybagfortheoldlady.5.Thetemperaturereached30_______（度数）today.6.Thecarisveryold,buttheengine（发动机）isstillinperfect________.（条件，状况）7.Withoutwater,humanbeingscannot________(存活，活下来）formorethanafewdays.8.Thefamous______(探险家）MarcoPolospentmanyyearstravelingtounknownplacesinAsia.9.Themountain___(攀登者）usedspecialequipmenttohelphimreachthetopofthepeak(顶峰）.10.Wecouldseeseveralsmallfishingboatsfromthe____（海岸）aswewalkedalongthebeach.三.完形填空 TheDeadSeaTheDeadSeaislocatedbetweenJordan（约旦）andIsrael（以色列）.Althoughitiscalleda"sea,"itisactuallya(1)______.WhatmakestheDeadSeaso(2)______?First,itisthelowestpointonEarth,about430meters(3)______sealevel.Second,thewaterhereisvery,very(4)______.Itisabouttentimessaltierthanordinaryseawater.Becauseofthehighsaltcontent,swimmerscanfloat（漂浮）easilyonthewater.It'salmostimpossibletosink（下沉）!Manytouristscomehereto(5)______thisuniqueexperience.Theylovereadingnewspaperswhilefloatingonthewater.However,theDeadSeaisbecoming(6)______.Everyyear,itswaterleveldropsbyaboutonemeter.Scientistssaythisismainlybecausepeopleareusing(7)______waterfromtheJordanRiver,whichflowsintotheDeadSea.AnotherinterestingfactisthattheDeadSea'smud（泥土）iisbelievedtobe(8)______fortheskin.Manyvisitorscoverthemselveswiththedarkmud,thenwaitforittodryinthesunbefore(9)______itoff.Theysayitmakestheirskinfeelsoftandsmooth.Wemustprotectthisnaturalwonder.Ifnothingisdone,theDeadSeamight(10)______completelyinthefuture.1.A.riverB.lakeC.oceanD.waterfall2.A.ordinaryB.specialC.deepD.wide3.A.underB.aboveC.belowD.over4.A.sweetB.saltyC.cleanD.warm5.A.avoidB.forgetC.tryD.miss6.A.biggerB.largerC.shorterD.smaller7.A.toomanyB.toomuchC.afewD.alittle8.A.badB.goodC.terribleD.dangerous9.A.washBwashedCwashingDtowash10.A.appearB.disappearC.expandD.rise阅读理解TheAmazingAmazonRainforestTheAmazonrainforestisthelargestrainforestintheworld.Itcoversabout5.5millionsquarekilometersacrossninecountriesinSouthAmerica,withmostofitinBrazil.Thisamazingforestisoftencalledthe"lungsoftheEarth"becauseitproducesabout20%oftheworld'soxygen.TheAmazonishometoanincrediblevarietyofplantsandanimals.Scientistsbelievethatoneintenknownspecies（种类）intheworldliveshere.Youcanfindjaguars（美洲豹）,pinkdolphins,sloths（树懒）,andover3,000speciesoffishintheAmazonRiver.Theforestalsohasaround400billiontreesof16,000differentspecies!However,theAmazonisindanger.Everyyear,largeareasoftheforestarecutdownforfarming,logging,andbuildingroads.Thisactionnotonlydestroysanimalhomesbutalsoinfluencesthewholeworld'sclimate（气候）.ManypeopleandorganizationsareworkingtoprotecttheAmazon.Theyteachlocalpeoplesustainablewaystousetheforestwithoutdestroyingit.Someareashavebeenmadeintonationalparkswhereanimalsandplantsareprotected.WecanallhelpsavetheAmazonbylearningaboutitsimportanceandsharingthisknowledgewithothers.Remember,whenweprotecttherainforest,weprotectourplanet.1.WhyistheAmazonrainforestcalledthe"lungsoftheEarth"?

A.Becauseithasmanyrivers

B.Becauseitproducesmuchoxygen

C.Becauseitlookslikelungs

D.Becauseanimalsbreathethere2.HowmanyspeciesoftreesarethereintheAmazon?

A.About400B.About3,000C.About16,000D.About5.5million3.WhatisaproblemfortheAmazonRainforest?

A.ToomuchrainB.CuttingdowntreesC.ToomanytouristsD.Coldweather4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?

A.HowtovisittheAmazon.

B.WhytheAmazonisimportantandhowtoprotectit.

C.WhatanimalsliveintheAmazon.

D.Howtocuttreesintheforest.5.HowcanwehelpprotecttheAmazonaccordingtothepassage?

A.Byvisitingiteveryyear

B.Bycuttingfewertrees

C.Bylearningandsharingitsimportance

D.BybuildingmorefarmsBTheMarianaTrench:TheDeepestPlaceonEarthTheMarianaTrenchisthedeepestknownpartoftheworld'soceans.ItislocatedinthewesternPacificOcean,eastoftheMarianaIslands.Thetrenchisabout2,550kilometerslongand69kilometerswide.ThedeepestpointoftheMarianaTrenchiscalledChallengerDeep,whichreachesabout11,000metersbelowsealevel.Ifweputthehighestmountain,MountEverest（珠穆朗玛峰）,intothistrench,itspeak(山顶）wouldstillbemorethan2,000metersunderwater!Iti