词汇易学：Module2重点词汇精讲

PAGE1/5词汇易学：Module2重点词汇精讲1.playanimportantpartin在……中起作用Weatherplaysanimportantpart/roleinagriculture.Thepart/rolethatweatherplaysinagricultureisgreat.2.hesitatev.犹豫hesitatetodosth/hesitateabout/atdoingsth对做某事犹豫不决hesitationn.withouthesitation.毫不犹豫地Don’thesitatetotellusifyouhaveaproblem.Hehesitatedanddidn’tknowwhattosay.Shehesitatedoverthechoicebetweenthetwodresses.Hejumpedintothewatertosavethedrowningchildwithouthesitation.3.doubtn.怀疑，疑惑，疑问Noonehasanydoubtsabouthisability.Asuddendoubtcametomymind.Ihavenodoubtthatyou'llsucceed.doubtvt.怀疑，不肯定Idoubtwhether/ifhe'llcome.我不敢肯定他来不来。Shedoubtedif/whetherthatwaswhatshewanted.Idon'tdoubtthatheishonest.我不怀疑他是诚实的。【注意】doubt用于肯定句时，从句用if或whether引导：当doubt用于疑问句或否定句时，从句用that引导。【拓展】indoubt怀疑，不肯定nodoubt无疑withoutdoubt毫无疑问beyond/outofdoubt毫无疑问地makenodoubtof对毫不怀疑4.put...down放下；记下；镇压；击败；降落；让某人下车Putdownthatknifebeforeyouhurtsomebody.Putitdowninyourdiarysothatyouwon'tforget.Thearmyisdeterminedtoputdownallopposition.Heputhisplanedowninafield.Thebusstoppedtoputdownsomepassengers.【拓展】putaside留出；儲蓄；不顾，忽视putback把放回原处putout扑灭；生产；出版；公布putoff推迟5.holdout伸出；维持；抱有（希望）；忍耐；提供；坚持Heheldouthishandinfriendship.IthinkthecarwillholdouttillwereachLondon.Thedoctorheldoutlittlehopeofhisrecovering.EveryonehasagreedontheplanbutPeter.He'sstillholdingout.【拓展】holdup举起；支撑；阻碍；使停止；抢劫holddown控制；压制holdback阻止；抑制；隐瞒holdon继续；不挂断（电话等）holdonto抓住；坚持；不放弃拥有6.awakeadj.醒着的，清醒的v.醒；觉醒；唤醒Ihavebeenawakeforhours.Onewomanwaslyinginbed,awake,listeningtotherushingwinds.Wehavebeenkeptawakeallnightbythenoise.我们整夜被噪声吵得睡不着觉。Heisawaketothedifficulties.他明白这些困难。Thetelephoneringawokethewholefamily.Iusuallyawakeatsixinthemorning.Step2.IntroductionStep3.Readingandvocabulary1.Willwasstupefiedwithexhaustion,andhemighthavegoneontothenorth,orhemighthavelaidhisheadonthegrassunderoneofthosetreesandslept.威尔累得脑子都木了，他本可以继续向北走，也有可能在一棵树下枕着草地昏昏睡去。(1)bestupefiedwith指因疲劳、厌倦或吃惊等而昏昏睡去，神智不清。如：Hewasstupefiedwithdrink.他因醉酒而神智不清。【拓展】英语中类似的结构还有：befilledwith,beequippedwith,becoveredwith等。（2）mighthavegone和mighthavelaid是“情态动词＋havedone”结构，表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测，意思是“原本可以”2.Ofcourse,everycatbehavedlikethat,butallthesameWillfeltsuchalongingtoturnforhomethattearsscaldedhiseyes.当然，所有的猫都是那样的。尽管如此，威尔还是那么渴望回家，以至于热泪盈眶。（1）本句中含有suchthat句式，表示“如此以至于”；such后修饰名词，如果是单数可数名词，其顺序为：“such+a/an+adj.+n.”如果是复数名词结构为：“such+adj.+复数n./不可数n.+that”。(2）longingn.渴望,热望(for)longingforhome思乡longvi.（常与for,todo连用）渴望Peoplearelongingforpeace.人们渴望和平。/Wearelongingtoseeyou.我们渴望看见你。3.Thensheleaptbackwards,backarchedandfuronend,tailheldoutstiffly.然后它向后一跃，脊背拱起，毛发竖立，尾巴僵直地伸着。本句中backarchedandfuronend,tailheldoutstiffly是名词的独立主格结构，即名词后接过去分词、现在分词、介词短语、形容词、副词、不定式等非谓语形式，相当于状语成分。【拓展】独立主格结构的构成：1）名词/代词+过去分词Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.考试结束了，我们开始了度假。2）名词/代词＋现在分词Weatherpermitting,we'llgooutforapicnic.天气允许的话，我们将去野炊。3）名词/代词＋介词短语Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,abookinhishand/bookinhand.4)名词/代词+形容词Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.4)名词/代词＋副词Theclassover,thepupilsrushedoutoftheclassroom,shoutingandlaughing.5)名词/代词＋不定式Hetohelpus,wewillsucceed.〖温馨提示〗1)独立主格的逻辑主语与主句主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词与后面的分词、形容词、不定式等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。4.Againsheleaptback,butlessfarandwithlessalarmthistime.它再次向后一跃，但这次跳得没有那么远，也没有那么害怕了。less加在名词或形容词前，表示程度的减弱，其意义与more相反。如：1）TomownsonebilliondollarswhileJackhasonemillion.JackislessrichthanTom.=TomisricherthanJack.=JackisnotsorichasTom.2)Jennyislessbeautifulthanhereldersister.=Jenny'seldersisterismorebeautifulthanJenny=Jennyisnotsobeautifulasheeldersister.5.Thenhestoodstill,closetothetrunkofthenearesttree,asatruckcameroundthecircleandsweptitslightsoverhim.然后他静静地站着，紧靠离他最近地一棵树干，这时一辆卡车转弯驶过来，灯光照到他的身上。1）still此处表示“静止的，不动的”Thewaterappearedstillfromadistance.从远处看水是静止的。Justsitstillforaminuteandletmetieyourshoe.2）close此处意为“接近的，靠近的”。sitclosetogether靠紧坐一起Markwasstandingdangerouslyclosetotheedgeofthecliff.6.Whenithadgonepasthecrossedtheroad,keepinghiseyesonthespotwherethecathadbeeninvestigating.卡车开过去后，他走到马路对面，眼睛盯着猫一直在打量的地方。这是一个主从复合句。When引导一个时间状语从句；keeping分词短语在句中作状语，其中有一个where引导的定语从句，其先行词为thespot.;gopast=goby=pass经过 keepone'seyeson注视，盯着看，注意7.Itlookedasifsomeonehadcutapatchoutoftheair,abouttwometresfromtheedgeoftheroad.似乎有人在离路边大约2米这是一个复合句，asif跟在looked之后引导表语从句，意为“看起来像，看起来似乎”。如：Shelooksasifsheweretenyea