必修第一册Unit 4　Natural Disasters(话题：自然灾害) 学案（含答案） 2026年高考英语一轮复习基础教材梳理（人教版）

必修第一册Unit4第一步：理词汇词汇过关(基础＋拓展)Ⅰ.基础词汇1.____________n.灾难；灾难

2.____________n.旱灾；久旱

3.____________vi.&vt.(slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动

4.____________n.洪水；大量vi.沉没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；沉没

5.volcaniceruption火山喷发6.____________n.&vt.营救；救援

7.____________vt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失

8.____________vt.摧毁；毁灭

9.evacuatevt.疏散；撤出vi.撤离10.____________n.避难处；居所；庇护vt.爱护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危急)

11.crackn.裂纹；裂缝vi.&vt.(使)裂开12.____________n.气体；燃气；汽油

13.____________n.砖；砖块

14.____________n.金属

15.____________vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱

16.____________vt.掩埋；安葬

17.____________n.努力；困难的尝试；尽力

18.unifyvi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体19.____________n.上下文；语境；背景

20.____________n.供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供应

21.tapvi.&vt.轻叩；小扣；轻拍n.水龙头；轻叩；小扣22.____________n.管子；管道

23.whistlevi.吹口哨；发出笛声vt.吹口哨n.哨子(声)；咆哮声24.____________adj.冷静的；镇静的vt.使安静；使冷静

25.____________n.救济；挂念；救援物资vi.&vt.(formal)挂念；救济

26.____________n.成套工具；成套设备

27.____________vt.&vi.碰撞；撞击；(计算机)瘫痪n.撞车；碰撞

28.____________vt.&vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫

29.____________n.海浪；波浪vi.&vt.挥手；招手

30.____________vi.&vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；攻击

31.____________n.总结；概括；概要

一、单词拼写1.Thekitchenwaswell-stockedwithalarges________offreshvegetablesandfruitforthecomingguests.

2.Thebravefirefighterriskedhisownlifetor________threechildrenfromtheburninghouseyesterday.

3.Insurancecompaniesoftenchargeextratocoverfloods，earthquakes，orothernaturald________.

4.Its________methatmyfriend’soddbehaviourprobablyarosefromthestressfromhernewjob.

5.Lookingatthesundirectlywithoutsunglassescandod________toyoureyes.

6.Thesunhasbeenglaringlikethatforawholemonth.Thelakesandwellsalldriedupduringthed________.

7.It’simportanttokeep________(冷静的)inanemergency；panickingwillnotsolveanyproblems.

8.Italmostdrovemecrazywhenmycomputer________(瘫痪)again.

9.Someparentsarejustsoprotectivethattheywantto________(爱护)theirkidsfromeverykindofdanger，realorimagined.

10.Itwasarealteam________(努力)—everyonecontributedsomethingtothesuccessoftheproject.

11.Youaresupposedtoguessthemeaningofthewordaccordingtothe________(上下文).

12.Ijustcouldn’taffordtimetoreadthewholebook，soIjustwentthrougha________(概要)ontheInternet.

13.Hescoredthewinninggoaljustsecondsbeforethefinal________(哨声).Theaudienceburstoutcheering.

14.Youcan________(滑动)yourfingeracrossthescreentounlockyourphone.Letmeshowyou.

Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.wiseadj.英明的；有才智的；有才智的→____________n.才智；才智

2.survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；困难度过→__________n.幸存；连续生存→survivorn.幸存者

3.dievi.死；死亡→____________n.死；死亡→deadadj.死的；无生命的→deadlyadj.格外有效的；致命的

4.____________vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→affectionn.钟爱；宠爱

5.shockvt.(使)震惊n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克→shockingadj.令人震惊的→____________adj.震惊的

6.____________n.电；电能→electricadj.电动的；用电的→electricaladj.电的；与电有关的

7.____________vt.&vi.呼吸→breathn.呼吸→breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的→breathlesslyadv.气喘吁吁地；屏息地

8.revivevt.&vi.复活；(使)糊涂→____________n.振兴；复苏

9.____________vt.患病；蒙受vi.(因疾病、苦痛、哀痛等)受苦→sufferingn.苦痛；苦难

10.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→____________n.(火山)爆发

11.powern.电力供应；能量；力气；把握力→____________adj.强有力的；有势力的→powerlessadj.无力的；无能为力的；无权力的

12.____________n.突发大事；紧急状况→emergentadj.新兴的；处于进展初期的

13.delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→____________n.递送；传达

14.lengthn.长；长度→longadj.长的→____________vt.使延长；加长→lengthyadj.漫长的；冗长的

15.percentn.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中→____________n.百分比；百分率

二、单句语法填空1.________(wise)istheabilitytomakesensibledecisionsandgivegoodadvicebecauseoftheexperienceandknowledgethatonehas.

2.Theoldmanwentthroughalotof________(suffer)intheolddays.

3.Thenewsthattheathletefailedinthemarathonduetoaseriousinjurymadeus________(shock).

4.Luckily，Tomsurvivedtheterriblecarcrashbuthewastheonly________(survive)oftheaccident.

5.Withthegovernment’said，those________(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtonewshelters.

6.Wemeasuredthe________(long)ofthelivingroomandfounditwas6.3metreslong.

7.Ifelt________(power)asIwatchedthestormravageourgarden，uprootingtreesanddestroyingflowers.

8.Naturaldisasters，suchastyphoons，tsunamisandfloods，causethousandsof________(die)eachyear.

9.Theorganisationisconductingasurveyonwhat________(percent)ofwomenreturntoworkafterhavingababy.

10.Finally，ImanagedtoreachthetopofthemountainbutIwas________(breath).However，thebeautifulscenerywasworthit.

11.Recently，therehasbeensome________(revive)ofinterestinancientmusic.

12.Youcanpayforthecarpeton/upon________(deliver)，whichisconvenientandflexible.

13.Thechildranintotheroadand________(strike)byacar.

其次步：辨短语短语点兵(必会＋出彩)必会短语1.好像；好像；仿佛_________________________________________2.严峻受损；破败不堪_______________________________________3.震惊；吃惊________________________________________4.露天；在户外________________________________________5.急救箱 firstaidkit6.现有(尤指挂念)__________________________________________7.毁灭；彻底消退；扫除____________________________________________出彩短语1.cometoanend结束；终结2.blowaway吹走3.slide/steal/sneakinto偷偷溜进4.stayawayfrom远离5.cometoone’s________前来营救某人

6.shelter/protect...from...爱护……免受……7.________usual像平常一样

8.cut________抄近路穿过

9.digout挖出；发觉10.get(back)up________one’sfeet重新站起来

11.in________of在……的时候

12.makeaneffort/effortstodosth努力做某事13.pullaway开头驶离14.stay________保持乐观/乐观

15.beburiedin埋头于……16.crashinto...撞上；闯入……17.cometo________上台；执政

18.calmdown安静下来19.haveaneffect________...对……产生影响

20.inalldirections四周八方21.outofgratitude出于感谢22.____________仅仅；只是

三、短语填空1.Wehaven’tcleanedthehouseforafewdays，becausewedon’twantto________(扫除)goodluck.

2.Itisreportedthatanoldcouplehas__________(挖出)alotofgoldcoinsintheirownyard.

3.Whethertheirweddingceremonywillbeheld______________(在户外)tomorrowdependsontheweather.

4.Thestadiumandthegymlay__________(破败不堪)afterthebigfirecausedbycarelesssmoking.

5.Suddenlyalittlerabbitjumpedoutinfrontofme.Iwascompletely____________(震惊)，notknowingwhattodo.

6.Therewassimplynobandage__________(现有).Let’sfindapieceofclothinstead.

7.Aftertheearthquake，Tangshanbegantoreviveitselfand________________________(重新站起来).

8.Tocatchthebus，I__________(抄近路穿过)thefieldandrushedontothemainroad.

9.Atroopofsoldiersandmanyvolunteers________________(前来营救我们)afterthebigfloodhitourvillage.

10.Thenewpresidenttookaseriesofmeasurestodevelopthenation’seconomyafterhe____________(上台).

11.Afriendisapersonwhoyoucanleanonwhenyouare____________(在……的时候)trouble.

12.You’dbetterwearsunglassesto________youreyes________(爱护……免受……)theglaringsun.

13.Globalwarmingis________________(对……产生重大影响)allthelivingcreaturesontheplanet.

14.FormilesandmilesIcouldsee__________(仅仅)avast，emptyland，withnogreenorsoulsinsight.

第三步：明句式句式提升(经典＋仿写)1.[课文原句]Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.鸡甚至猪都紧急得不能吃东西，狗也拒绝进入建筑物内。[句式]too...to...太……而不能……[仿写]这辆自行车太重，他无法把握，尤其是当他在拥挤的城市街道上穿行时。Thebikeis________________________，especiallywhenhenavigatesthroughthecrowdedstreetsofthecity.

2.[课文原句]Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!仿佛世界末日即将来临![句式]asif(=asthough)引导表语从句[仿写]房子看起来好像就要倒塌了，它的窗户玻璃碎了，墙壁裂了。Thehouselooked____________________________，itswindowglassshatteredandwallscracked.

3.[课文原句]Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.成千上万的孩子失去了父母。[句式]leave复合结构[仿写]地震发生后，很多宠物没了仆人。Lotsofpetswere__________________________aftertheearthquake.

4.[课文原句]Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.我正和三个孩子一起吃早餐，这时水开头灌进我家里。[句式]sbwasdoingsthwhen...某人正在做某事，这时……[仿写]我们正乘车行进着，这时轮胎爆了。We____________________wehadabursttyre.

5.[课文原句]Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday，killingmorethan6，500peopleinIndonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，andatleastfourothercountries.昨天，40年来最猛烈的地震引发的海啸攻击了亚洲各地的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少其他4个国家6500多人死亡。[句式]现在分词短语作结果状语[仿写]为了给国家赢得荣誉，即使在竞赛中受伤，他也没有放弃，为其他人树立了一个好榜样。Towinanhonourforhiscountry，hedidn’tgiveupevenifhegotinjuredintherace，________________________.

第四步：析语篇课文填空(改编＋考点)StrangethingshadhappenedbeforetheTangshanEarthquakehappened.Thewellwallshaddeepcracks.Atleastonewellhadsome1.________(smell)gascomingoutofit.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervous2.________(eat).Atabout3：00a.m.，3.________28July1976，everythingbegantoshake.4.________seemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute，alargecitylayin5.________(ruin).Twothirdsofthepeopleweredeador6.________(injure).Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.Peoplewere7.________(shock)atthisandwonderedhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.

Thearmyorganisedteamstodigoutthose8.________weretrappedandtoburythedead.Workersbuiltsheltersfor9.________(survive).Freshwaterwastakentothecity.Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity’speople，anewTangshan10.________(build)upontheearthquakeruins.

Ⅰ.阅读理解障碍词(写出黑体词的词性和中文意思以及黑体短语的中文意思)1.There’snovalueindeliveringanykindofcommunication，whetherwritten，spoken，formal，orinformal，ifthemessagedoesn’tcomeacrossclearly._______________2.Besides，workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents，manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues._______________3.Froma21st-centurypointofview，theprintedbookiscertainlyancient，butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader._______________4.Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought._______________5.Datacollectionwasalengthyprocess._______________6.Themanagertappedthepotentialofsocialmediatopromoteherproducts，resultinginasignificantincreaseincustomerengagementandsales._______________7.IsentletterstoeveryoneIknew，tellingthemaboutmyproject.Itworkedperfectly.Donationsbeganfloodinginfromhundredsofpeople._______________8.ThankstomyEnglishteacherwhosparesnoefforttohelpme，IhavemadeenormousprogressinmyspokenandwrittenEnglish._______________9.Thewindandraindidmuchdamagetothepalace，butthevillagersjustletitfallintoruin._______________Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Afewdayslater，themachine__________(deliver)toMrsMeredith’sdoorstep.Anditwasn’tlongbeforetheygotthehangofusingthemachinetomakepopcorn.

2.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretrees________(suffer)thegreatestwatershortage.

3.Trainingforamarathonrequirescarefulpreparationandsteady，gradualincreasesinthe________(long)oftheruns.

4.__________(rescue)somanypeoplefromtheburningbuilding，thefirefighterisconsideredtobeoneofthemostrespectablepeopleinmymind.

Ⅲ.词汇与高考写作链接1.赏词猜义(写出黑体词的词性和中文意思以及黑体短语的中文意思)(1)Shecouldn’tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood._______________(2)Inthecontextofthisdiscussion，itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents’involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.________________

(3)Theyremainedontheterrace(露天平台)afterdinner，enjoyingthecalmoftheevening._______________(4)Asanoldsayinggoes，“Striketheironwhileit’shot.”You’dbettergooverwhatyouhavelearnedassoonaspossible._______________(5)Thediseaseaffectsmanydifferentorgansofhisbody._______________(6)Whenwevisitedtheoldfamilyhome，pastsweetmemoriescamefloodingback._______________2.完成句子(1)Aswecansee，somanytrafficjams__________________________(已经给……造成巨大的损害)ourdailylife，whichcallsforimmediateattentionandpracticalsolutions.

(2)Lifeisn’tabout________________(如何挺过暴风雨)；it’saboutlearningtodanceintherain.

(3)Thecompetitionwill________you________(给……供应……)achancetodevelopyourcreativityandbuildfriendshipswithotherstudentswhosharethesameinterestwithyou.

(4)IfIamgrantedthechance，Iwill________________(尽我所能)toliveuptoyourexpectations.

(5)________________(被他的故事所影响)，manyyoungpeoplewereinspiredbyhisenthusiasmand________________________________________(自愿为弱势群体做一点事).

(6)She____________________________(双手掩面)and________________(痛哭起来)whensheheardthebadnews.Istoodby，notknowingwhattodo.

(7)WheneverIlookbackonmyfirsttriptotheWestLake，thepastscenecrowdsinonmesoclearly________________________(就像发生在昨天一样).

(8)Itisevidentthatadversitymakesman，andthosewhohave____________________________(经受过巨大困难)aremorelikelytoundertakesometoughassignments.

3.品词赏句(1)Hearingthenewsthatherfriendwasdead，shewassoshockedthatshecouldn’tsayaword，tearsrollingdownhercheeks.听到她伴侣去世的消息，她震惊得一句话也说不出来，眼泪顺着她的脸颊滚落下来。(2)Tearsswirlinginhiseyes，Davidraisedhishead，andlookedatmeasifhewouldsaysomething，butloweredhisheadonceagain.泪水在眼睛里打转，大卫抬起头，看着我，好像要说些什么，但又低下了头。(3)Alittlegirlwaswalkingonthebeachwhenshefoundashell，andheldittoherear.一个小女孩正在沙滩上闲逛     ，这时她发觉了一个贝壳，然后把它放在耳旁。(4)Ithastobenoticedthatourearthissuffering.It’shightimethatwedidsomethingtoprotectitfrombeingfurtherdamaged.我们必需留意到，我们的地球正在患病苦难。现在是我们该实行措施爱护它免受进一步破坏的时候了。4.语篇美文广东省梅州市患病严峻水灾，损失惨重。假定你是校同学会主席李华，请你写一封倡议书呼吁同学们向灾区捐款、捐物，内容包括：(1)倡议缘由；(2)捐赠活动的意义。留意：(1)写作词数应为80左右；(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。[参考范文]Dearfellowstudents，AsevereandunexpectedfloodstruckMeizhou，GuangdongProvince，causinggreatdamage.Housesdestroyedandpropertyruined，peopleintheflood-strikenareaareindesperateneedofhelp.Therefore，wefeelitanobligation(义务，责任)tocontributewhatwecantohelppeopleintheflood-strickenarea.Eitheryourpocketmoney，youroldclothes，orschoolsupplieswilldo.Thedonatedclothescanbemadegooduseof，whichcorrespondswiththeenvironment-friendlypolicy.Besides，thisdonationcanenhanceoursocialresponsibilityandhopefullycanalsohelpreleasethementalsufferingofthelessfortunate.Let’stakeactionandmakeadifference!TheStudentUnion

Unit4NaturalDisasters第一层教材夯基提能第一步：理词汇Ⅰ.1.disaster2.drought3.slide4.flood6.rescue7.damage8.destroy10.shelter12.gas13.brick14.metal15.trap16.bury17.effort19.context20.supply22.pipe24.calm25.aid26.kit27.crash28.sweep29.wave30.strike31.summaryⅡ.1.wisdom2.surv